The Ambivalence of Urban Modernity and Marginality: The Making of Abadan Under the Anglo-Persian/Iranian Oil Company

IF 0.3 3区 艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE International Journal of Islamic Architecture Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1386/ijia_00133_1
Leila Saboori
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Abstract

The discovery of oil in Masjed Soleyman, Iran, in 1908 prompted the foundation of the British-owned Anglo Persian Oil Company (APOC), and the construction of a massive refinery in Abadan in the southwest. It also sparked astonishing industrial and urban development in the region. Within a span of fifty years following the discovery of oil, Abadan developed from a small tribal village to one of Iran’s major modern industrial cities. This study examines how the rapid modern transformation of Abadan under the management and control of APOC influenced the everyday lived experiences of the local population. As a typical colonial company town of the era, Abadan’s patterns of industrialization, urbanization, and modernization became archetypes for other oil cities in Iran and the Middle East. Shaped by dependence on a single commodity, the architecture and urban planning of Abadan reveals hierarchies of economic, social, and political domination. Using the oral histories of Iranians familiar with the period and the area, this research argues that early twentieth-century company towns in Iran such as Abadan served as rhetorical instruments, which foreign-owned companies and their hired architects and planners used to impose specific visions of modernity upon subaltern or indigenous populations.
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城市现代化与边缘化的矛盾性:英国-波斯/伊朗石油公司打造的阿巴丹
1908 年在伊朗马斯吉德-索莱曼发现石油,促使英国拥有的盎格鲁波斯石油公司(APOC)成立,并在西南部的阿巴丹建造了一座大型炼油厂。它还引发了该地区惊人的工业和城市发展。在发现石油后的五十年间,阿巴丹从一个小部落村庄发展成为伊朗主要的现代工业城市之一。本研究探讨了在亚太石油公司的管理和控制下,阿巴丹的快速现代化转型是如何影响当地居民的日常生活体验的。作为那个时代典型的殖民公司城镇,阿巴丹的工业化、城市化和现代化模式成为伊朗和中东其他石油城市的原型。由于对单一商品的依赖,阿巴丹的建筑和城市规划揭示了经济、社会和政治统治的等级制度。本研究利用熟悉该时期和该地区的伊朗人的口述历史,论证了 20 世纪早期伊朗的公司城镇(如阿巴丹)是一种修辞工具,外资公司及其雇佣的建筑师和规划师利用这些工具将特定的现代化愿景强加给次等或土著居民。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
33
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Islamic Architecture (IJIA) publishes bi-annually, peer-reviewed articles on the urban design and planning, architecture and landscape architecture of the historic Islamic world, encompassing the Middle East and parts of Africa and Asia, but also the more recent geographies of Islam in its global dimensions. The main emphasis is on the detailed analysis of the practical, historical and theoretical aspects of architecture, with a focus on both design and its reception. The journal also aims to encourage dialogue and discussion between practitioners and scholars. Articles that bridge the academic-practitioner divide are highly encouraged. While the main focus is on architecture, papers that explore architecture from other disciplinary perspectives, such as art, history, archaeology, anthropology, culture, spirituality, religion and economics are also welcome. The journal is specifically interested in contemporary architecture and urban design in relation to social and cultural history, geography, politics, aesthetics, technology and conservation. Spanning across cultures and disciplines, IJIA seeks to analyse and explain issues related to the built environment throughout the regions covered. The audience of this journal includes both practitioners and scholars. The journal publishes both online and in print. The first issue was published in January 2012.
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