{"title":"Drawing the Line: On the Impossibility of Utopia","authors":"Ş. Yücel","doi":"10.1386/ijia_00136_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00136_7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":"82 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139458226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The metropolis of Tehran presents the typical urban challenge of a historic city that has undergone several urban evolutions and faces a decline and loss of cultural heritage. This article illustrates how state-driven urban development plans have compromised the integration of cultural heritage and blurred the image of the city. Tehran has a wealth of cultural heritage sites that call for exploring alternative approaches to urban development and regeneration. In response to this critical inquiry, a design intervention is proposed to consolidate cultural heritage within the planning framework and socio-economic development of the city. The design proposes activating and integrating sites of cultural heritage into the cityscape by presenting cultural heritage as a catalyst for urban regeneration. This can foster an inclusive historical narrative, and strengthen the city’s imageability.
{"title":"Cultural Heritage-Led Regeneration of Historic Cities: A Strategic Intervention for the Metropolis of Tehran","authors":"Najmeh H. Viki, Howayda Al-Harithy","doi":"10.1386/ijia_00134_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00134_1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The metropolis of Tehran presents the typical urban challenge of a historic city that has undergone several urban evolutions and faces a decline and loss of cultural heritage. This article illustrates how state-driven urban development plans have compromised the integration of cultural heritage and blurred the image of the city. Tehran has a wealth of cultural heritage sites that call for exploring alternative approaches to urban development and regeneration. In response to this critical inquiry, a design intervention is proposed to consolidate cultural heritage within the planning framework and socio-economic development of the city. The design proposes activating and integrating sites of cultural heritage into the cityscape by presenting cultural heritage as a catalyst for urban regeneration. This can foster an inclusive historical narrative, and strengthen the city’s imageability.\u0000","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139392649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The discovery of oil in Masjed Soleyman, Iran, in 1908 prompted the foundation of the British-owned Anglo Persian Oil Company (APOC), and the construction of a massive refinery in Abadan in the southwest. It also sparked astonishing industrial and urban development in the region. Within a span of fifty years following the discovery of oil, Abadan developed from a small tribal village to one of Iran’s major modern industrial cities. This study examines how the rapid modern transformation of Abadan under the management and control of APOC influenced the everyday lived experiences of the local population. As a typical colonial company town of the era, Abadan’s patterns of industrialization, urbanization, and modernization became archetypes for other oil cities in Iran and the Middle East. Shaped by dependence on a single commodity, the architecture and urban planning of Abadan reveals hierarchies of economic, social, and political domination. Using the oral histories of Iranians familiar with the period and the area, this research argues that early twentieth-century company towns in Iran such as Abadan served as rhetorical instruments, which foreign-owned companies and their hired architects and planners used to impose specific visions of modernity upon subaltern or indigenous populations.
{"title":"The Ambivalence of Urban Modernity and Marginality: The Making of Abadan Under the Anglo-Persian/Iranian Oil Company","authors":"Leila Saboori","doi":"10.1386/ijia_00133_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00133_1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The discovery of oil in Masjed Soleyman, Iran, in 1908 prompted the foundation of the British-owned Anglo Persian Oil Company (APOC), and the construction of a massive refinery in Abadan in the southwest. It also sparked astonishing industrial and urban development in the region. Within a span of fifty years following the discovery of oil, Abadan developed from a small tribal village to one of Iran’s major modern industrial cities. This study examines how the rapid modern transformation of Abadan under the management and control of APOC influenced the everyday lived experiences of the local population. As a typical colonial company town of the era, Abadan’s patterns of industrialization, urbanization, and modernization became archetypes for other oil cities in Iran and the Middle East. Shaped by dependence on a single commodity, the architecture and urban planning of Abadan reveals hierarchies of economic, social, and political domination. Using the oral histories of Iranians familiar with the period and the area, this research argues that early twentieth-century company towns in Iran such as Abadan served as rhetorical instruments, which foreign-owned companies and their hired architects and planners used to impose specific visions of modernity upon subaltern or indigenous populations.\u0000","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":"249 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139395234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Review of: Archive Wars: The Politics of History in Saudi Arabia, Rosie Bsheer (2020) Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 416 pp., ISBN: 9781503612587, $30.00; open access (e-book) All Things Arabia: Arabian Identity and Material Culture, Ed. Ileana Baird and Hülya Yağcioğlu (2021) Leiden: Brill, 285 pp., 105 colour illus., ISBN: 9789004435926, $190.00 (hardback)
评论Archive Wars: The Politics of History in Saudi Arabia, Rosie Bsheer (2020) Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 416 pp：阿拉伯身份与物质文化》，Ed.Ileana Baird 和 Hülya Yağcioğlu (2021) Leiden: Brill, 285 pp.
{"title":"Archive Wars: The Politics of History in Saudi Arabia, Rosie Bsheer (2020)","authors":"Nora Elizabeth Barakat","doi":"10.1386/ijia_00137_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00137_5","url":null,"abstract":"Review of: Archive Wars: The Politics of History in Saudi Arabia, Rosie Bsheer (2020)\u0000 Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 416 pp.,\u0000 ISBN: 9781503612587, $30.00; open access (e-book)\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 All Things Arabia: Arabian Identity and Material Culture, Ed. Ileana Baird and Hülya Yağcioğlu (2021)\u0000 Leiden: Brill, 285 pp., 105 colour illus.,\u0000 ISBN: 9789004435926, $190.00 (hardback)","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":"24 94","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139395840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Granada to Berlin: The Alhambra Cupola, Anna McSweeney (2020)","authors":"Sarah Slingluff","doi":"10.1386/ijia_00138_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00138_5","url":null,"abstract":"Review of: From Granada to Berlin: The Alhambra Cupola, Anna McSweeney (2020)\u0000 Dortmund: Verlag Kettler, 193 pp., 77 colour illus.,\u0000 ISBN: 978-3-86206-831-9, £22.75 (paperback)","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":" 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139392726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Review of: Caliphs and Merchants: Cities and Economies of Power in the Near East (700–950), Fanny Bessard (2020) Oxford: Oxford University Press, 400 pp., 79 b&w and 31 colour illus., ISBN: 978-0-19885-582-8, $125 (hardback)
{"title":"Caliphs and Merchants: Cities and Economies of Power in the Near East (700–950), Fanny Bessard (2020)","authors":"Cecilia Palombo","doi":"10.1386/ijia_00140_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00140_5","url":null,"abstract":"Review of: Caliphs and Merchants: Cities and Economies of Power in the Near East (700–950), Fanny Bessard (2020)\u0000 Oxford: Oxford University Press, 400 pp., 79 b&w and 31 colour illus.,\u0000 ISBN: 978-0-19885-582-8, $125 (hardback)","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":"86 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139454525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the everyday adaptation practices of marginalized inhabitants in present-day Morocco as they respond to their urban domestic environments and resist recent slum relocation projects. We first address urban policies implemented during the French protectorate era (1912–56), many of which have continued to impact Moroccan cities in the twenty-first century. Our research emphasizes the inadequacy of current urban policies and architectural designs, as well as their incompatibility with inhabitants’ ways of living and spatial needs. We explore how different socio-spatial practices in traditional medina cities, shantytowns, and social housing complexes illustrate marginalized social groups’ adaptation to official policies and sociocultural changes. Acknowledging that the built environment expresses the beliefs, cultures, and social backgrounds of inhabitants, we aim to illustrate their ways of living through case studies of two marginalized communities in the Douar El-Garaa shantytown in Rabat and a social housing complex in the suburbs of Casablanca. Our findings identify socio-spatial appropriation and adaptation practices that are rooted in sociocultural habits codified by Islamic customs and other Moroccan cultural norms.
{"title":"Moroccan Sociocultural Practices of Space: Coping with Marginalization in Bidonvilles and Social Housing","authors":"M. Cheddadi, Hafsa Rifki","doi":"10.1386/ijia_00130_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00130_1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article examines the everyday adaptation practices of marginalized inhabitants in present-day Morocco as they respond to their urban domestic environments and resist recent slum relocation projects. We first address urban policies implemented during the French protectorate era (1912–56), many of which have continued to impact Moroccan cities in the twenty-first century. Our research emphasizes the inadequacy of current urban policies and architectural designs, as well as their incompatibility with inhabitants’ ways of living and spatial needs. We explore how different socio-spatial practices in traditional medina cities, shantytowns, and social housing complexes illustrate marginalized social groups’ adaptation to official policies and sociocultural changes. Acknowledging that the built environment expresses the beliefs, cultures, and social backgrounds of inhabitants, we aim to illustrate their ways of living through case studies of two marginalized communities in the Douar El-Garaa shantytown in Rabat and a social housing complex in the suburbs of Casablanca. Our findings identify socio-spatial appropriation and adaptation practices that are rooted in sociocultural habits codified by Islamic customs and other Moroccan cultural norms.\u0000","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139455320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Review of: Architecture of Co-Existence: Building Pluralism, Ed. Azra Akšamija (2020) Geneva: Aga Khan Award for Architecture, and Berlin: ArchiTangle, 292 pp., approx. 100 illus., ISBN: 978-3-96680-008-2, $45 (hardback)
{"title":"Architecture of Co-Existence: Building Pluralism, Ed. Azra Akšamija (2020)","authors":"Esra Akcan","doi":"10.1386/ijia_00139_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00139_5","url":null,"abstract":"Review of: Architecture of Co-Existence: Building Pluralism, Ed. Azra Akšamija (2020)\u0000 Geneva: Aga Khan Award for Architecture, and Berlin: ArchiTangle, 292 pp., approx. 100 illus.,\u0000 ISBN: 978-3-96680-008-2, $45 (hardback)","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139456650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Climate Change Adaptation in the Built Environment: Lessons from a Geographical Transect of Indus River Basin Settlements","authors":"J. Wescoat","doi":"10.1386/ijia_00127_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00127_7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":"48 s235","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139393855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article critically considers the aesthetics, process, and distribution of K. A. C. Creswell’s photographic collections of Islamic architecture. Creswell (1879–1974), a British university professor in Cairo from 1931 until his death, is considered one of the founders of the field of Islamic architectural history. As a young scholar in the 1910s, he took thousands of photographs of Islamic architectural sites, mainly in Egypt, which he then duplicated and deposited into major institutions of art historical study: Harvard University, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Villa I Tatti, the Ashmolean Museum, and the American University in Cairo. While he strove to objectively document historical sites through photography, Creswell also inadvertently captured aspects of everyday life in the city of Cairo. These slips of modernity in his photographs highlight how he ‘personally re-created’ distinctive study images that are not solely documents of architecture. His choice of camera, lens, angle, shutter speed, lens filter, cropping, and printing generated an identifiable photographic style that marked these images within the field of art historical study. These five photographic collections, spread across three continents, thus exhibit how photography facilitated the incorporation of the field of Islamic art into the wider field of art history.
本文批判性地探讨了 K. A. C. Creswell 的伊斯兰建筑摄影集的美学、制作过程和发行情况。克雷斯韦尔（1879-1974 年）于 1931 年在开罗任英国大学教授，直至去世，被认为是伊斯兰建筑史领域的奠基人之一。20 世纪 10 年代，作为一名年轻学者，他拍摄了数千张伊斯兰建筑遗址的照片，主要是在埃及：哈佛大学、维多利亚与阿尔伯特博物馆、伊塔提别墅、阿什莫林博物馆和开罗美国大学。在努力通过摄影客观记录历史遗迹的同时，克雷斯韦尔也在不经意间捕捉到了开罗城市日常生活的方方面面。他照片中的这些现代性片段凸显了他如何 "亲自重新创造 "了与众不同的研究图像，而不仅仅是建筑文献。他对相机、镜头、角度、快门速度、镜头滤镜、裁剪和印刷的选择，形成了一种可识别的摄影风格，在艺术史研究领域为这些图像打上了烙印。这五部摄影集跨越三大洲，展示了摄影如何促进伊斯兰艺术领域融入更广泛的艺术史领域。
{"title":"Scholarly Rigour in Gelatin Silver: K. A. C. Creswell’s Photographs of Islamic Architecture","authors":"Alex Dika Seggerman","doi":"10.1386/ijia_00129_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00129_1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article critically considers the aesthetics, process, and distribution of K. A. C. Creswell’s photographic collections of Islamic architecture. Creswell (1879–1974), a British university professor in Cairo from 1931 until his death, is considered one of the founders of the field of Islamic architectural history. As a young scholar in the 1910s, he took thousands of photographs of Islamic architectural sites, mainly in Egypt, which he then duplicated and deposited into major institutions of art historical study: Harvard University, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Villa I Tatti, the Ashmolean Museum, and the American University in Cairo. While he strove to objectively document historical sites through photography, Creswell also inadvertently captured aspects of everyday life in the city of Cairo. These slips of modernity in his photographs highlight how he ‘personally re-created’ distinctive study images that are not solely documents of architecture. His choice of camera, lens, angle, shutter speed, lens filter, cropping, and printing generated an identifiable photographic style that marked these images within the field of art historical study. These five photographic collections, spread across three continents, thus exhibit how photography facilitated the incorporation of the field of Islamic art into the wider field of art history.\u0000","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":"60 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139395364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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