Navigating Hemolysis in Expectant Mothers with Sickle Cell Anemia: Best Practices and Challenges

Abstract

Sickle cell anemia presents a multifaceted challenge in pregnancy due to increased hemolysis and associated complications for both mother and fetus. This review article aims to explore the nuanced landscape of managing hemolysis in expectant mothers with sickle cell anemia, focusing on best practices and challenges. The paper investigates the pathophysiological underpinnings of hemolysis in sickle cell anemia, emphasizing its exacerbation during pregnancy. It delves into preconception counseling and care, highlighting the significance of early intervention and comprehensive management strategies. Throughout gestation, continuous monitoring and tailored interventions are vital, necessitating close collaboration among multidisciplinary teams comprising hematologists, obstetricians, perinatologists, and genetic counselors. Best practices encompass various approaches, including hydroxyurea therapy and transfusion when warranted, although their safety during pregnancy remains a subject of ongoing research. The review navigates through challenges stemming from limited empirical data and ethical considerations, illuminating the complexities faced in decision-making regarding treatments that benefit both mother and fetus. In conclusion, this review underscores the critical need for a multidimensional approach in managing hemolysis in expectant mothers with sickle cell anemia. It accentuates the importance of individualized care, continuous research endeavors, and the development of evidence-based guidelines to address the intricate clinical landscape and improve outcomes for this vulnerable patient population. Keywords: Sickle Cell Anemia, Hemolysis, Pregnancy, Maternal Health, Fetal Health, Anemia