Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.59298/iaajas/2024/112.18.2
Nnadi Ezekiel O. Ejiofor, Justice Okechukwu, Nnadi .N. Helen
The study explores the impact of perceived instability in Nigeria's power sector on the construction industry. The emerging economy has seen significant growth, attracting foreign investments for infrastructural development. However, persistent challenges and perceived instability raise concerns about reliability and sustainability. Key factors include power outages frequency, power supply adequacy, and regulatory responsiveness. The study also examines the correlation between power sector stability and investment climate, considering factors like project delays, cost overruns, and financing impacts. The findings aim to contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics between perceived power sector instability and foreign investments in the construction industry and propose policy recommendations to foster a more sustainable and resilient investment environment. Keywords: Power Sector, perceived power Instability, Foreign Investment, Construction Industry, Infrastructure Development, Regulatory Framework.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of the Impact of Perceived Power Sector Instability on Foreign Partnerships in the Nigerian Construction Industry","authors":"Nnadi Ezekiel O. Ejiofor, Justice Okechukwu, Nnadi .N. Helen","doi":"10.59298/iaajas/2024/112.18.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/iaajas/2024/112.18.2","url":null,"abstract":"The study explores the impact of perceived instability in Nigeria's power sector on the construction industry. The emerging economy has seen significant growth, attracting foreign investments for infrastructural development. However, persistent challenges and perceived instability raise concerns about reliability and sustainability. Key factors include power outages frequency, power supply adequacy, and regulatory responsiveness. The study also examines the correlation between power sector stability and investment climate, considering factors like project delays, cost overruns, and financing impacts. The findings aim to contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics between perceived power sector instability and foreign investments in the construction industry and propose policy recommendations to foster a more sustainable and resilient investment environment. Keywords: Power Sector, perceived power Instability, Foreign Investment, Construction Industry, Infrastructure Development, Regulatory Framework.","PeriodicalId":504624,"journal":{"name":"IAA Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":"21 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141044716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.59298/iaajas/2024/112.10.16
Nnadi Ezekiel Oluwaseun Ejiofor, Omerhi, Oghenetega John
The Academic Staff Union of University (ASUU) strike in Nigeria has highlighted the need for improved funding options for public institutions, particularly in the education sector. A study on TETFUND projects in the Southeast found that project success and cost performance are crucial for building projects. The study used a census technique, questionnaires, and content validity to confirm the instrument's inclusivity and relevance to strategic leadership and project management sustainability. The study reveals that the cost of every project is important, regardless of funding, and that cost availability has hindered any TETfund project at State universities in South-East, Nigeria.The majority of respondents strongly agreed that cost determines whether a TETfund project is completed with or without a supervisor, and that cost gives contractors more chance of income during the TETfund project period. Furthermore, the cost of the project motivates workers to complete it within an appropriate period. The analysis shows that TETfund cost has a positive effect on the completion rate of projects across State Universities in SouthEast, Nigeria, with an average mean value of 3.65>3.00. The test of hypotheses showed that TETfund cost has no significant positive effect on the completion rate of projects across State Universities in South-East, Nigeria. The results showed that the model in this table has a statistically significant positive effect, and the alternate conclusion is accepted, as TETfund cost had a significant positive effect on the completion rate of the project across State Universities.
{"title":"Assessing the Influence of Cost on the Implementation of Tetfund Projects in Selected Public Universities in Nigeria","authors":"Nnadi Ezekiel Oluwaseun Ejiofor, Omerhi, Oghenetega John","doi":"10.59298/iaajas/2024/112.10.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/iaajas/2024/112.10.16","url":null,"abstract":"The Academic Staff Union of University (ASUU) strike in Nigeria has highlighted the need for improved funding options for public institutions, particularly in the education sector. A study on TETFUND projects in the Southeast found that project success and cost performance are crucial for building projects. The study used a census technique, questionnaires, and content validity to confirm the instrument's inclusivity and relevance to strategic leadership and project management sustainability. The study reveals that the cost of every project is important, regardless of funding, and that cost availability has hindered any TETfund project at State universities in South-East, Nigeria.The majority of respondents strongly agreed that cost determines whether a TETfund project is completed with or without a supervisor, and that cost gives contractors more chance of income during the TETfund project period. Furthermore, the cost of the project motivates workers to complete it within an appropriate period. The analysis shows that TETfund cost has a positive effect on the completion rate of projects across State Universities in SouthEast, Nigeria, with an average mean value of 3.65>3.00. The test of hypotheses showed that TETfund cost has no significant positive effect on the completion rate of projects across State Universities in South-East, Nigeria. The results showed that the model in this table has a statistically significant positive effect, and the alternate conclusion is accepted, as TETfund cost had a significant positive effect on the completion rate of the project across State Universities.","PeriodicalId":504624,"journal":{"name":"IAA Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141031800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Substandard, counterfeit and falsified antimalarial agents are a big challenge to effective malaria elimination interventions mainly in developing countries. In low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), the quality of antimalarial agents inclusive of AL is affected by several factors including insufficient regulation porous borders and limited funds. This study therefore focused evaluation of quality of different brands of fixed dose artemether/ lumefantrine tablets sold in Ugandan Pharmacies. This was an experimental study conducted using AL tablets obtained from different pharmacies in the different cities of Uganda purchased using mystery shopper method. The samples were screened for quality using visual inspection, assessed different physical quality parameters like weight variation, friability, disintegration and dissolution and content assay tests were also done both for the brands from the pharmacies and their correspondent LTR. The assay test was done using HPLC technique USP method. The samples were considered substandard if the API content was outside 90-110% range of the label claim. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and presented as means with standard deviations and frequencies. 400 AL samples were collected from the different Pharmacies in the different cities and the corresponding LTRs in the strengths of 20/120, 60/360 and 80/480 with commonest brands Lumartem, Lumaren and Artefan. The presence of A/L brands that are unregistered and the total assay failure of the brands of 18% for the AL tablets purchased causes alarm. Keywords: Artemether lumefantrine, quality, tablets, prevalence
{"title":"Determination of the Prevalence of Different Brands of Fixed Dose Artemether/Lumefantrine Tablets Sold in Pharmacies in Uganda","authors":"Buyinza Nicholas, Jonans Tusiimiire, Silvano Twinomujuni","doi":"10.59298/iaajas/2024/6.68.42.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/iaajas/2024/6.68.42.59","url":null,"abstract":"Substandard, counterfeit and falsified antimalarial agents are a big challenge to effective malaria elimination interventions mainly in developing countries. In low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), the quality of antimalarial agents inclusive of AL is affected by several factors including insufficient regulation porous borders and limited funds. This study therefore focused evaluation of quality of different brands of fixed dose artemether/ lumefantrine tablets sold in Ugandan Pharmacies. This was an experimental study conducted using AL tablets obtained from different pharmacies in the different cities of Uganda purchased using mystery shopper method. The samples were screened for quality using visual inspection, assessed different physical quality parameters like weight variation, friability, disintegration and dissolution and content assay tests were also done both for the brands from the pharmacies and their correspondent LTR. The assay test was done using HPLC technique USP method. The samples were considered substandard if the API content was outside 90-110% range of the label claim. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and presented as means with standard deviations and frequencies. 400 AL samples were collected from the different Pharmacies in the different cities and the corresponding LTRs in the strengths of 20/120, 60/360 and 80/480 with commonest brands Lumartem, Lumaren and Artefan. The presence of A/L brands that are unregistered and the total assay failure of the brands of 18% for the AL tablets purchased causes alarm. Keywords: Artemether lumefantrine, quality, tablets, prevalence","PeriodicalId":504624,"journal":{"name":"IAA Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":"37 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140431698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-26DOI: 10.59298/iaajas/2024/6.68.40.35
M. M. Mundu, SN Nnamchi, Hussein Muhaise
This comprehensive review explores Uganda's journey towards sustainable energy transitions, emphasizing the pivotal factors influencing their evolution and acceptance. A thorough examination of the current state of Uganda's renewable energy sector is presented, shedding light on both the driving forces propelling its growth and the formidable challenges it confronts. The paper meticulously dissects the intricate interplay between governmental policies, technological advancements, financial mechanisms, and societal awareness, illuminating the dynamic landscape within which Uganda's sustainable energy initiatives unfold. Furthermore, an exploration of the socioeconomic and environmental implications of these transitions is undertaken, recognizing their profound impact on livelihoods, economies, and the ecological equilibrium. In addition to its analytical depth, this paper proffers a set of insightful and pragmatic recommendations, articulating a strategic roadmap aimed at accelerating progress towards a more sustainable, resilient, and environmentally conscious energy future in Uganda. By synthesizing robust research with actionable guidance, this review stands as an invaluable resource for policymakers, stakeholders, and individuals with a vested interest in Uganda's sustainable energy trajectory. It not only elucidates the current landscape but also provides a forward-looking perspective, positioning itself as a catalyst for positive change in the realm of sustainable energy. Keywords: Sustainable Energy, Renewable Energy, Energy Transition, Uganda, Policy, Socio-Economic Impacts, Environmental Sustainability, Renewable Scenario
{"title":"Sustainable Energy Transitions in Uganda: Influential Determinants of the Renewable Energy Landscape","authors":"M. M. Mundu, SN Nnamchi, Hussein Muhaise","doi":"10.59298/iaajas/2024/6.68.40.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/iaajas/2024/6.68.40.35","url":null,"abstract":"This comprehensive review explores Uganda's journey towards sustainable energy transitions, emphasizing the pivotal factors influencing their evolution and acceptance. A thorough examination of the current state of Uganda's renewable energy sector is presented, shedding light on both the driving forces propelling its growth and the formidable challenges it confronts. The paper meticulously dissects the intricate interplay between governmental policies, technological advancements, financial mechanisms, and societal awareness, illuminating the dynamic landscape within which Uganda's sustainable energy initiatives unfold. Furthermore, an exploration of the socioeconomic and environmental implications of these transitions is undertaken, recognizing their profound impact on livelihoods, economies, and the ecological equilibrium. In addition to its analytical depth, this paper proffers a set of insightful and pragmatic recommendations, articulating a strategic roadmap aimed at accelerating progress towards a more sustainable, resilient, and environmentally conscious energy future in Uganda. By synthesizing robust research with actionable guidance, this review stands as an invaluable resource for policymakers, stakeholders, and individuals with a vested interest in Uganda's sustainable energy trajectory. It not only elucidates the current landscape but also provides a forward-looking perspective, positioning itself as a catalyst for positive change in the realm of sustainable energy. Keywords: Sustainable Energy, Renewable Energy, Energy Transition, Uganda, Policy, Socio-Economic Impacts, Environmental Sustainability, Renewable Scenario","PeriodicalId":504624,"journal":{"name":"IAA Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":"13 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140430625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-26DOI: 10.59298/iaajas/2024/6.68.41.47
V. H. U. Eze
The advent of Multi-Source Power Control Systems (MSPCS) has revolutionized the field of power management, offering enhanced efficiency, reliability, and flexibility in energy utilization. This paper provides a succinct overview of three key aspects crucial for fostering renewable energy in Uganda. Firstly, this paper outlines the essential materials and methodologies required for designing a Multi-Source Power Control System, a critical component for efficiently integrating diverse renewable energy sources into the national grid. The second section examines the current status, potential, and challenges of renewable energy in Uganda, emphasizing the need for sustainable alternatives to address the country's growing energy demands. The second segment delves into the promising prospects of solar energy as a pivotal component in Uganda's renewable energy landscape. Highlighting the abundant solar resources available, the discussion outlines the potential impact of solar energy on the Ugandans’ power generation. Consequently, by addressing these components comprehensively, this research paper contributes to Uganda’s quest for sustainable energy solutions. Keywords: Energy Management, Solar Energy, Generator, Grid, MSPCS
{"title":"Advancing Sustainable Energy Solutions in Uganda: A Comprehensive Exploration for Multi-Source Power Control Design","authors":"V. H. U. Eze","doi":"10.59298/iaajas/2024/6.68.41.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/iaajas/2024/6.68.41.47","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of Multi-Source Power Control Systems (MSPCS) has revolutionized the field of power management, offering enhanced efficiency, reliability, and flexibility in energy utilization. This paper provides a succinct overview of three key aspects crucial for fostering renewable energy in Uganda. Firstly, this paper outlines the essential materials and methodologies required for designing a Multi-Source Power Control System, a critical component for efficiently integrating diverse renewable energy sources into the national grid. The second section examines the current status, potential, and challenges of renewable energy in Uganda, emphasizing the need for sustainable alternatives to address the country's growing energy demands. The second segment delves into the promising prospects of solar energy as a pivotal component in Uganda's renewable energy landscape. Highlighting the abundant solar resources available, the discussion outlines the potential impact of solar energy on the Ugandans’ power generation. Consequently, by addressing these components comprehensively, this research paper contributes to Uganda’s quest for sustainable energy solutions. Keywords: Energy Management, Solar Energy, Generator, Grid, MSPCS","PeriodicalId":504624,"journal":{"name":"IAA Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":"32 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140431910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.59298/iaajas/2024/6.68.39.34
V. H. U. Eze, John S. Tamball
This paper highlights the significance of modeling Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage (LHTES), temperature-based and enthalpy in an understanding phase transitions, emphasizing their distinct insights based on the specific application. LHTES systems addresses the escalating demand for efficient and environmentally friendly energy management across various sectors. These systems leverage Phase Change Materials (PCMs) to store and release thermal energy during phase transitions, offering significant advantages in terms of energy storage capacity and temperature regulation. This research provides an overview of the methodologies, applications and challenges associated with modeling LHTES systems, which have gained prominence in diverse fields such as phase change modeling, temperature-centric modeling, enthalpy modeling, porous medium approach, conduction-dominated and convection-dominated phase change. This research critically reviewed heat transfer coupled with phase change in simple configurations, exploring fundamental principles and modeling of heat storage units like packed beds. This research finally highlights the crucial importance of modeling underscores its significant role in propelling the development of LHTES technology. These review paper recommended the design and development of accurate, predictive models improve LHTES systems to enhance energy efficiency and reduce ecological impacts across a wide range of applications. Keywords: Phase change materials, Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage, Packed beds and Porous medium approach
{"title":"Advanced Modeling Approaches for Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Systems","authors":"V. H. U. Eze, John S. Tamball","doi":"10.59298/iaajas/2024/6.68.39.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/iaajas/2024/6.68.39.34","url":null,"abstract":"This paper highlights the significance of modeling Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage (LHTES), temperature-based and enthalpy in an understanding phase transitions, emphasizing their distinct insights based on the specific application. LHTES systems addresses the escalating demand for efficient and environmentally friendly energy management across various sectors. These systems leverage Phase Change Materials (PCMs) to store and release thermal energy during phase transitions, offering significant advantages in terms of energy storage capacity and temperature regulation. This research provides an overview of the methodologies, applications and challenges associated with modeling LHTES systems, which have gained prominence in diverse fields such as phase change modeling, temperature-centric modeling, enthalpy modeling, porous medium approach, conduction-dominated and convection-dominated phase change. This research critically reviewed heat transfer coupled with phase change in simple configurations, exploring fundamental principles and modeling of heat storage units like packed beds. This research finally highlights the crucial importance of modeling underscores its significant role in propelling the development of LHTES technology. These review paper recommended the design and development of accurate, predictive models improve LHTES systems to enhance energy efficiency and reduce ecological impacts across a wide range of applications. Keywords: Phase change materials, Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage, Packed beds and Porous medium approach","PeriodicalId":504624,"journal":{"name":"IAA Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139532386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.59298/iaajas/2024/3.5.78156
E. I. Obeagu, G. U. Obeagu, Edward Odogbu Odo, M. C. Igwe, Ugwu Okechukwu Paul-Chima, E. Alum, Puche Racheal Okwaja
Stigma remains a formidable obstacle in the global fight against HIV/AIDS, impeding effective prevention, testing, and treatment initiatives. This review article aims to delve into the pivotal role of combatting stigma as a fundamental strategy in mitigating the spread of HIV. By examining the multifaceted nature of stigma and elucidating essential steps to counteract it, this article underscores the urgency and significance of destigmatization efforts in achieving optimal public health outcomes. The review explores various forms of stigma associated with HIV/AIDS, delineates their impact on prevention and treatment, and proposes critical measures such as education, community engagement, policy interventions, healthcare provider training, and media advocacy. Emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive approach, this review underscores the necessity of collaborative efforts to foster a stigma-free environment, ultimately contributing to the cessation of HIV transmission and improved health outcomes for affected populations. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, stigma, HIV prevention, Community engagement, Education campaigns, Healthcare provider training, Media advocacy, Peer support, public health interventions
{"title":"Combatting Stigma: Essential Steps in Halting HIV Spread","authors":"E. I. Obeagu, G. U. Obeagu, Edward Odogbu Odo, M. C. Igwe, Ugwu Okechukwu Paul-Chima, E. Alum, Puche Racheal Okwaja","doi":"10.59298/iaajas/2024/3.5.78156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/iaajas/2024/3.5.78156","url":null,"abstract":"Stigma remains a formidable obstacle in the global fight against HIV/AIDS, impeding effective prevention, testing, and treatment initiatives. This review article aims to delve into the pivotal role of combatting stigma as a fundamental strategy in mitigating the spread of HIV. By examining the multifaceted nature of stigma and elucidating essential steps to counteract it, this article underscores the urgency and significance of destigmatization efforts in achieving optimal public health outcomes. The review explores various forms of stigma associated with HIV/AIDS, delineates their impact on prevention and treatment, and proposes critical measures such as education, community engagement, policy interventions, healthcare provider training, and media advocacy. Emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive approach, this review underscores the necessity of collaborative efforts to foster a stigma-free environment, ultimately contributing to the cessation of HIV transmission and improved health outcomes for affected populations. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, stigma, HIV prevention, Community engagement, Education campaigns, Healthcare provider training, Media advocacy, Peer support, public health interventions","PeriodicalId":504624,"journal":{"name":"IAA Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139393400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.59298/iaajas/2024/4.78.99.11
E. I. Obeagu, G. U. Obeagu, Ugwu Okechukwu Paul-Chima, E. Alum
Sickle cell anemia presents a multifaceted challenge in pregnancy due to increased hemolysis and associated complications for both mother and fetus. This review article aims to explore the nuanced landscape of managing hemolysis in expectant mothers with sickle cell anemia, focusing on best practices and challenges. The paper investigates the pathophysiological underpinnings of hemolysis in sickle cell anemia, emphasizing its exacerbation during pregnancy. It delves into preconception counseling and care, highlighting the significance of early intervention and comprehensive management strategies. Throughout gestation, continuous monitoring and tailored interventions are vital, necessitating close collaboration among multidisciplinary teams comprising hematologists, obstetricians, perinatologists, and genetic counselors. Best practices encompass various approaches, including hydroxyurea therapy and transfusion when warranted, although their safety during pregnancy remains a subject of ongoing research. The review navigates through challenges stemming from limited empirical data and ethical considerations, illuminating the complexities faced in decision-making regarding treatments that benefit both mother and fetus. In conclusion, this review underscores the critical need for a multidimensional approach in managing hemolysis in expectant mothers with sickle cell anemia. It accentuates the importance of individualized care, continuous research endeavors, and the development of evidence-based guidelines to address the intricate clinical landscape and improve outcomes for this vulnerable patient population. Keywords: Sickle Cell Anemia, Hemolysis, Pregnancy, Maternal Health, Fetal Health, Anemia
{"title":"Navigating Hemolysis in Expectant Mothers with Sickle Cell Anemia: Best Practices and Challenges","authors":"E. I. Obeagu, G. U. Obeagu, Ugwu Okechukwu Paul-Chima, E. Alum","doi":"10.59298/iaajas/2024/4.78.99.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/iaajas/2024/4.78.99.11","url":null,"abstract":"Sickle cell anemia presents a multifaceted challenge in pregnancy due to increased hemolysis and associated complications for both mother and fetus. This review article aims to explore the nuanced landscape of managing hemolysis in expectant mothers with sickle cell anemia, focusing on best practices and challenges. The paper investigates the pathophysiological underpinnings of hemolysis in sickle cell anemia, emphasizing its exacerbation during pregnancy. It delves into preconception counseling and care, highlighting the significance of early intervention and comprehensive management strategies. Throughout gestation, continuous monitoring and tailored interventions are vital, necessitating close collaboration among multidisciplinary teams comprising hematologists, obstetricians, perinatologists, and genetic counselors. Best practices encompass various approaches, including hydroxyurea therapy and transfusion when warranted, although their safety during pregnancy remains a subject of ongoing research. The review navigates through challenges stemming from limited empirical data and ethical considerations, illuminating the complexities faced in decision-making regarding treatments that benefit both mother and fetus. In conclusion, this review underscores the critical need for a multidimensional approach in managing hemolysis in expectant mothers with sickle cell anemia. It accentuates the importance of individualized care, continuous research endeavors, and the development of evidence-based guidelines to address the intricate clinical landscape and improve outcomes for this vulnerable patient population. Keywords: Sickle Cell Anemia, Hemolysis, Pregnancy, Maternal Health, Fetal Health, Anemia","PeriodicalId":504624,"journal":{"name":"IAA Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":"213 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139395302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.59298/iaajas/2024/1.3.5288
E. I. Obeagu, G. U. Obeagu, Edward Odogbu Odo, M. C. Igwe, Ugwu Okechukwu Paul-Chima, E. Alum, Puche Racheal Okwaja
The African continent has grappled with the profound impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic for decades, necessitating an ongoing evolution in prevention strategies. This review examines the pivotal innovations that have reshaped the landscape of HIV prevention in Africa. Highlighting advancements in treatment, pioneering educational campaigns, and community-focused interventions, this article explores the transformative initiatives that have redefined the fight against HIV/AIDS. Despite significant progress, challenges persist, including socio-economic disparities and evolving healthcare landscapes. This review aims to provide insights into the journey of HIV prevention in Africa, emphasizing the critical role of innovation and adaptation in sustaining and advancing progress towards a future free from the burden of HIV/AIDS. Keywords: HIV prevention, Africa, innovations, landmark, strategies, healthcare, epidemic, public health, treatment, education
{"title":"Revolutionizing HIV Prevention in Africa: Landmark Innovations that Transformed the Fight","authors":"E. I. Obeagu, G. U. Obeagu, Edward Odogbu Odo, M. C. Igwe, Ugwu Okechukwu Paul-Chima, E. Alum, Puche Racheal Okwaja","doi":"10.59298/iaajas/2024/1.3.5288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59298/iaajas/2024/1.3.5288","url":null,"abstract":"The African continent has grappled with the profound impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic for decades, necessitating an ongoing evolution in prevention strategies. This review examines the pivotal innovations that have reshaped the landscape of HIV prevention in Africa. Highlighting advancements in treatment, pioneering educational campaigns, and community-focused interventions, this article explores the transformative initiatives that have redefined the fight against HIV/AIDS. Despite significant progress, challenges persist, including socio-economic disparities and evolving healthcare landscapes. This review aims to provide insights into the journey of HIV prevention in Africa, emphasizing the critical role of innovation and adaptation in sustaining and advancing progress towards a future free from the burden of HIV/AIDS. Keywords: HIV prevention, Africa, innovations, landmark, strategies, healthcare, epidemic, public health, treatment, education","PeriodicalId":504624,"journal":{"name":"IAA Journal of Applied Sciences","volume":"36 13-14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139394951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.59298/iaajas/2024/5.58.33.11
E. I. Obeagu, G. U. Obeagu, Ugwu Okechukwu Paul-Chima, E. Alum, Jean Bosco Habimana
Pregnancy is a physiologically demanding phase marked by profound changes that elevate oxidative stress levels, posing potential risks to maternal and fetal health. Oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defense mechanisms, has been implicated in various pregnancy complications. Antioxidants, renowned for their ability to counteract ROS and mitigate cellular damage, have emerged as a potential intervention to ameliorate adverse outcomes during pregnancy. The paper highlights the physiological changes in pregnancy that contribute to heightened oxidative stress, emphasizing the link between oxidative stress and complications such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, preterm birth, and intrauterine growth restriction. This paper emphasizes the imperative for robust, well-designed clinical trials to elucidate the optimal timing, dosages, and formulations of antioxidants in pregnancy. It calls for a comprehensive approach to establish clear guidelines and recommendations for antioxidant supplementation. In conclusion, this review underscores the potential of antioxidants as a promising intervention to mitigate oxidative stress-related pregnancy complications. However, the inconclusive nature of current evidence necessitates further rigorous research endeavors. Through this exploration, it accentuates the urgency for standardized protocols, ethical considerations, and extensive clinical studies to unlock the full potential of antioxidants in improving maternal and fetal health outcomes during pregnancy. Keywords: Antioxidants, Pregnancy, Maternal Health, Fetal Health, Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Preeclampsia, Gestational Diabetes, Fetal Development
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