Omics for deciphering oral microecology

IF 10.8 1区 医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE International Journal of Oral Science Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI:10.1038/s41368-023-00264-x
Yongwang Lin, Xiaoyue Liang, Zhengyi Li, Tao Gong, Biao Ren, Yuqing Li, Xian Peng
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Abstract

The human oral microbiome harbors one of the most diverse microbial communities in the human body, playing critical roles in oral and systemic health. Recent technological innovations are propelling the characterization and manipulation of oral microbiota. High-throughput sequencing enables comprehensive taxonomic and functional profiling of oral microbiomes. New long-read platforms improve genome assembly from complex samples. Single-cell genomics provides insights into uncultured taxa. Advanced imaging modalities including fluorescence, mass spectrometry, and Raman spectroscopy have enabled the visualization of the spatial organization and interactions of oral microbes with increasing resolution. Fluorescence techniques link phylogenetic identity with localization. Mass spectrometry imaging reveals metabolic niches and activities while Raman spectroscopy generates rapid biomolecular fingerprints for classification. Culturomics facilitates the isolation and cultivation of novel fastidious oral taxa using high-throughput approaches. Ongoing integration of these technologies holds the promise of transforming our understanding of oral microbiome assembly, gene expression, metabolites, microenvironments, virulence mechanisms, and microbe-host interfaces in the context of health and disease. However, significant knowledge gaps persist regarding community origins, developmental trajectories, homeostasis versus dysbiosis triggers, functional biomarkers, and strategies to deliberately reshape the oral microbiome for therapeutic benefit. The convergence of sequencing, imaging, cultureomics, synthetic systems, and biomimetic models will provide unprecedented insights into the oral microbiome and offer opportunities to predict, prevent, diagnose, and treat associated oral diseases.

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Omics 解密口腔微生态学
人类口腔微生物群是人体中最多样化的微生物群落之一,在口腔和全身健康中发挥着至关重要的作用。最近的技术创新推动了口腔微生物群的特征描述和操作。高通量测序技术实现了口腔微生物组的全面分类和功能分析。新的长读数平台改进了复杂样本的基因组组装。单细胞基因组学提供了对未培养类群的深入了解。包括荧光、质谱和拉曼光谱在内的先进成像模式使口腔微生物的空间组织和相互作用可视化的分辨率不断提高。荧光技术将系统发育特性与定位联系起来。质谱成像技术揭示了代谢壁龛和代谢活动,而拉曼光谱技术则能快速生成生物分子指纹进行分类。培养组学有助于利用高通量方法分离和培养新型快速口腔类群。这些技术的不断整合有望改变我们对口腔微生物组的组合、基因表达、代谢物、微环境、毒力机制以及健康和疾病背景下微生物-宿主界面的认识。然而,在群落起源、发育轨迹、平衡与菌群失调诱因、功能性生物标志物以及有意重塑口腔微生物群以获得治疗益处的策略等方面仍存在巨大的知识差距。测序、成像、培养组学、合成系统和生物仿真模型的融合将为口腔微生物组提供前所未有的洞察力,并为预测、预防、诊断和治疗相关口腔疾病提供机会。
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来源期刊
International Journal of Oral Science
International Journal of Oral Science DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE-
CiteScore
31.80
自引率
1.30%
发文量
53
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Oral Science covers various aspects of oral science and interdisciplinary fields, encompassing basic, applied, and clinical research. Topics include, but are not limited to: Oral microbiology Oral and maxillofacial oncology Cariology Oral inflammation and infection Dental stem cells and regenerative medicine Craniofacial surgery Dental material Oral biomechanics Oral, dental, and maxillofacial genetic and developmental diseases Craniofacial bone research Craniofacial-related biomaterials Temporomandibular joint disorder and osteoarthritis The journal publishes peer-reviewed Articles presenting new research results and Review Articles offering concise summaries of specific areas in oral science.
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