A chlorophyll a, non-photochemical fluorescence quenching correction method for autonomous underwater vehicles in shelf sea environments

IF 2.1 3区 地球科学 Q2 LIMNOLOGY Limnology and Oceanography: Methods Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI:10.1002/lom3.10597
Catherine Mitchell, David Drapeau, Sunny Pinkham, William M Balch
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Abstract

Autonomous underwater vehicles provide water column observations of phytoplankton biomass using chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorometers. However, under high incident light, phytoplankton fluorescence yield decreases in a process known as non-photochemical quenching, resulting in a reduced Chl a fluorescence signal. Methods have been developed to identify and remove the quenched signal from observations by autonomous underwater vehicles. These existing methods rely on assumptions of the homogeneity of the system, both in terms of time (i.e., between day and night observations) and space (i.e., within the water column or between neighboring profiles). These assumptions are not valid in shallow shelf seas or when sampling across different water masses. Thus, we evaluate six new quenching correction methods based on an existing ocean-based method, but adapted for a continental shelf sea environment where the water mass changes between night and day observations. We have included two main changes to the existing method. First, we interpolate the unquenched, nighttime signal across the daytime observations and use this as a reference for correcting the quenched, daytime signal. Second, we explore the inclusion of a fluorescence quenching depth limit. By interpolating nighttime observations across daytime periods, the diel changes in non-photochemical quenching were separated from the phytoplankton population changes. The proposed methods all show improved performance compared to existing approach. The methods presented here, and the approach used to evaluate them, are applicable in other shelf sea environments, enabling studies using autonomous Chl a fluorescence data across shelf sea ecosystems.

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陆架海环境中自主潜水器的叶绿素 a 非光化学荧光淬灭校正方法
自主潜水器利用叶绿素 a(Chl a)荧光计对浮游植物的生物量进行水体观测。然而,在强入射光下,浮游植物的荧光产量会在一个称为非光化学淬灭的过程中降低,从而导致叶绿素 a 荧光信号减弱。目前已开发出一些方法,可从自主潜水器的观测结果中识别并去除淬灭信号。这些现有方法依赖于系统在时间(即昼夜观测之间)和空间(即水体内部或相邻剖面之间)方面的同质性假设。这些假设在浅海陆架海域或在不同水体取样时并不成立。因此,我们评估了六种新的淬火校正方法,这些方法基于现有的海洋方法,但适用于大陆架海环境,因为在大陆架海环境中,昼夜观测的水质会发生变化。我们对现有方法主要做了两处改动。首先,我们对白天观测数据中未淬火的夜间信号进行内插,并以此为参考校正淬火的白天信号。其次,我们探索加入荧光淬灭深度限制。通过对夜间观测数据在白天进行内插,非光化学淬灭的日间变化与浮游植物种群变化被分离开来。与现有方法相比,所提出的方法都具有更好的性能。本文介绍的方法和用于评估这些方法的方法适用于其他陆架海环境,从而可以利用陆架海生态系统的自主 Chl a 荧光数据进行研究。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
3.70%
发文量
56
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Limnology and Oceanography: Methods (ISSN 1541-5856) is a companion to ASLO''s top-rated journal Limnology and Oceanography, and articles are held to the same high standards. In order to provide the most rapid publication consistent with high standards, Limnology and Oceanography: Methods appears in electronic format only, and the entire submission and review system is online. Articles are posted as soon as they are accepted and formatted for publication. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods will consider manuscripts whose primary focus is methodological, and that deal with problems in the aquatic sciences. Manuscripts may present new measurement equipment, techniques for analyzing observations or samples, methods for understanding and interpreting information, analyses of metadata to examine the effectiveness of approaches, invited and contributed reviews and syntheses, and techniques for communicating and teaching in the aquatic sciences.
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