Trends in hallucinogen-associated emergency department visits and hospitalizations in California, USA, from 2016 to 2022

IF 5.2 1区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Addiction Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI:10.1111/add.16432

Nicolas Garel, Steven Tate, Kristin Nash, Anna Lembke

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Abstract

Background and aims

Hallucinogens encompass a diverse range of compounds of increasing scientific and public interest. Risks associated with hallucinogen use are under-researched and poorly understood. We aimed to compare the trends in hallucinogen-associated health-care use with alcohol- and cannabis-associated health-care use.

Design, setting and cases

We conducted an ecological study with publicly available data on International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) diagnosis codes associated with emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations from the California Department of Healthcare Access and Information (HCAI). HCAI includes primary and secondary ICD-10 codes reported with ED or hospital discharge from every non-federal health-care facility licensed in California, United States, from 2016 to 2022.

Measurements

ICD-10 codes were classified as hallucinogen-, cannabis- or alcohol-associated if they were from the corresponding category in the ICD-10 block ‘mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use’.

Findings

Observed hallucinogen-associated ED visits increased by 54% between 2016 and 2022, from 2260 visits to 3476 visits, compared with a 20% decrease in alcohol-associated ED visits and a 15% increase in cannabis-associated ED visits. The observed hallucinogen-associated hospitalizations increased by 55% during the same period, from 2556 to 3965 hospitalizations, compared with a 1% increase in alcohol-associated hospitalizations and a 1% increase in cannabis-associated hospitalizations. This rise in hallucinogenic ED visits was significantly different from the trend in cannabis-associated (P < 0.001) and alcohol-associated (P = 0.005) ED visits. The hallucinogen-associated hospitalizations trend also significantly differed when compared with cannabis- (P < 0.001) and alcohol-associated (P < 0.001) hospitalizations.

Conclusions

Hallucinogen-associated emergency department visits and hospitalizations in California, USA, showed a large relative but small absolute increase between 2016 and 2022.

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2016 年至 2022 年美国加利福尼亚州与致幻剂有关的急诊就诊和住院趋势。

背景和目的：致幻剂包括多种多样的化合物，越来越受到科学界和公众的关注。人们对使用致幻剂的相关风险研究不足，了解甚少。我们的目的是比较与使用致幻剂有关的医疗保健与使用酒精和大麻有关的医疗保健的趋势：我们利用加利福尼亚州医疗保健访问和信息部（HCAI）公开提供的与急诊科（ED）就诊和住院相关的国际疾病分类第十版（ICD-10）诊断代码数据开展了一项生态研究。HCAI 包括 2016 年至 2022 年期间美国加利福尼亚州所有获得许可的非联邦医疗机构报告的与急诊室就诊或出院相关的主要和次要 ICD-10 代码：如果ICD-10代码属于ICD-10 "使用精神活性物质导致的精神和行为障碍 "中的相应类别，则被归类为与致幻剂、大麻或酒精相关：2016年至2022年间，观察到的致幻剂相关急诊就诊人次增加了54%，从2260人次增至3476人次，而酒精相关急诊就诊人次减少了20%，大麻相关急诊就诊人次增加了15%。同期观察到的致幻剂相关住院人数增加了 55%，从 2556 人次增至 3965 人次，而酒精相关住院人数增加了 1%，大麻相关住院人数增加了 1%。致幻剂引发的急诊就诊人次的增加与大麻引发的急诊就诊人次的增加趋势明显不同（P 结论：致幻剂引发的急诊就诊人次的增加与大麻引发的急诊就诊人次的增加趋势明显不同）：2016 年至 2022 年期间，美国加利福尼亚州致幻剂相关急诊就诊人数和住院人数的相对增幅较大，但绝对增幅较小。

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来源期刊

Addiction 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

10.80

自引率

6.70%

发文量

319

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Addiction publishes peer-reviewed research reports on pharmacological and behavioural addictions, bringing together research conducted within many different disciplines. Its goal is to serve international and interdisciplinary scientific and clinical communication, to strengthen links between science and policy, and to stimulate and enhance the quality of debate. We seek submissions that are not only technically competent but are also original and contain information or ideas of fresh interest to our international readership. We seek to serve low- and middle-income (LAMI) countries as well as more economically developed countries. Addiction’s scope spans human experimental, epidemiological, social science, historical, clinical and policy research relating to addiction, primarily but not exclusively in the areas of psychoactive substance use and/or gambling. In addition to original research, the journal features editorials, commentaries, reviews, letters, and book reviews.