DRAINAGE METHODS IN PATIENTS WITH UNFORMED INTESTINAL FISTULAS DURING THE PREPARATION TO THE SURGICAL TREATMENT

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background. To analyze the data of modern foreign and domestic literature on intestinal fistulas, including high unformed small intestinal fistulas, their classification, treatment methods, drainage methods, their types and effectiveness. Research methods. The basis of this work includes an analysis of modern literature (domestic and foreign) on the general information of intestinal fistulas, their classification and treatment methods. Research method: analysis of modern domestic and foreign literature on the treatment of high unformed small intestinal fistulas, performed on the database of the scientific library elibrary, CyberLeninka and The National Center of medicine. Results. Intestinal fistulas, often found in surgical practice, are a consequence of a number of reasons (errors in surgical technique and conservative treatment, tactical errors, the presence of severe concomitant diseases, etc.) and a high risk factor for death. Clinically, intestinal fistulas can be different depending on the localization, etiology, morphology, function, complications, etc., causing a number of difficulties in choosing a treatment method and reducing its success. Special attention is paid to high unformed small intestinal fistulas, which are accompanied by a pronounced violation of the body's homeostasis system, on the one hand, and the need for multi-stage treatment, on the other. The treatment regimen for high unformed small intestinal fistulas includes conservative and surgical treatment. The conservative method of treatment includes intensive infusion therapy, control of the source of infectious complications, reduction of irretrievable losses, nutritional therapy, and local treatment, which consists in protecting tissues from aggressive intestinal contents and various methods of adequate drainage of the wound. The drainage methods used for intestinal fistulas are different – depending on the principle of their operation, the material of the drains, the configuration of the wound, the morphology of the fistula, the number of fistulas, etc. Active and vacuum methods seem to be the most used and effective methods in the local treatment of high unformed small intestinal fistulas.