Integrative Carboniferous stratigraphy, biotas and paleogeographical evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas

IF 6 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Science China Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI:10.1007/s11430-023-1150-0
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Abstract

During the Carboniferous Period, the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas were located in quite different paleogeographic positions with various sedimentary and biological types. It is important to systematically compile and summarize the Carboniferous strata and biotas of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas, to establish an integrated stratigraphic framework for correlation, and to reconstruct the paleogeography for correctly understanding the breakup of the Gondwana Continent and the evolution of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean in the Late Paleozoic. The Carboniferous of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas can be subdivided into the Gondwanan, Cimmerian, and Tethyan types. The Gondwanan-type Carboniferous are distributed in the North Himalayan, Kangmar-Lhunze, and Zanda-Zumba regions of the South Tibet Subprovince and northern India-Pakistan Area, where only the Mississippian is developed and the biota is of Gondwanan affinity. The Cimmerian-type Carboniferous, which are found in the Baoshan, Tengchong, Coqen-Xainza, Lhasa-Zayu, Nagqu-Biru, and South Qiangtang regions, as well as Shan-Thai and South Afghanistan-Pamir areas, also represent only the Mississippian strata, but their biota is characterized by mixed characters of European, South China, Australian, and North American types. The Tethyan-type Carboniferous are distributed in the Tanggula Mountains, Hoh Xil-Bayanhar, Chamdo-Hengduanshan, Tiekelike, West Kunlun, Karakorum, East Kunlun-Central Qinling, and Qilian regions, where the Carboniferous succession is well developed, and the biota is of warm-water Tethyan affinity. The biostratigraphical correlation of the Gond-wanan-type and Cimmerian-type Carboniferous is based mainly on conodonts and additionally on brachiopods and rugose corals. The Mississippian of the Tethyan-type Carboniferous is correlated mainly by using rugose corals and brachiopods, whereas in the Pennsylvanian foraminifera (fusuline) and conodonts are regarded as primary fossil groups, subordinated by rugose corals and brachiopods. Adhering to the International standard chronostratigraphy of the Carboniferous, we have reconstructed a framework of the litho- and biostratigraphic subdivision and correlation of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas. Further studies should focus on isotope geochronology, geochemistry, paleoclimates, and paleoenvironments of the Carboniferous in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas.

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青藏高原及其周边地区石炭纪地层学、生物群落和古地理演变的综合研究
摘要 在石炭纪,青藏高原及其周边地区处于不同的古地理位置,沉积类型和生物类型各不相同。系统梳理和总结青藏高原及其周边地区石炭纪地层和生物类型,建立完整的地层框架进行相关性研究,重建古地理,对于正确认识晚古生代冈瓦纳大陆的解体和古特提斯洋的演化具有重要意义。青藏高原及其周边地区的石炭纪可细分为冈瓦纳型、西梅里亚型和特提斯型。冈瓦纳型石炭纪分布在喜马拉雅山北麓、康马-伦泽、藏南次省的札达-宗巴地区和印巴地区北部,这些地区仅发育有密西西比系,生物群属冈瓦纳系。分布在保山、腾冲、措勤--夏因扎、拉萨--扎玉、那曲--比鲁、南羌塘地区以及山--泰和南阿富汗--帕米尔地区的西梅里亚型石炭纪也仅代表密西西比地层,但其生物群具有欧洲、华南、澳大利亚和北美类型的混合特征。四迭纪石炭系分布于唐古拉山、呼市-巴颜喀拉山、昌都-横断山、铁克里克、西昆仑、喀喇昆仑、东昆仑-中秦岭、祁连等地区,这些地区石炭纪演替十分发育,生物群具有暖水四迭纪的特征。冈-万安型石炭纪与西梅里亚型石炭纪的生物地层相关性主要基于锥齿类,此外还有腕足类和皱纹珊瑚。哲万型石炭纪的密西西比河系主要使用皱珊瑚和腕足类进行相关,而在宾夕法尼亚型石炭纪,有孔虫(燧石)和针虫被视为主要化石群,其次才是皱珊瑚和腕足类。根据石炭纪国际标准年代地层学,我们重建了青藏高原及其周边地区的岩石和生物地层划分与相关框架。进一步的研究应侧重于青藏高原及其周边地区石炭纪的同位素地质年代、地球化学、古气候和古环境。
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来源期刊
Science China Earth Sciences
Science China Earth Sciences GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
5.30%
发文量
135
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Science China Earth Sciences, an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and published by Science China Press, is committed to publishing high-quality, original results in both basic and applied research.
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