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Human disturbance exacerbated erosion and deposition in the karst peak-cluster depressions during the Ming and Qing dynasties 明清时期人为干扰加剧了岩溶峰丛洼地的侵蚀和沉积
IF 5.7 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11430-023-1406-y
Shuai Yuan, Yuemin Yue, Xinbao Zhang, Lu Wang, Lu Zhai, Kelin Wang

Under the background of large-scale ecological restoration, China’s southwestern karst region has become a hotspot of global vegetation cover “greening” in the past 20 years. However, because of geological constraints, it is difficult to restore the forest landscapes in some areas. It is urgent to understand the impacts of human disturbances during the historical period on the difficult-to-forestation rocky-desertification areas of the karst region in order to guide future afforestation. In this study, we quantified the changes of specific sediment yield in typical karst depressions over the past 500 years by using 137Cs, 210Pb, and 14C dating methods in karst depressions, and identified the main human disturbances related to historical erosion and sedimentation by combining with historical data. The results showed that the erosion and sedimentation of the three depressions in 1921–1963 were significantly higher than that in 1963–2021, and the sedimentation rate (0.64–1.33 cm a−1) and the specific sediment yield (2.51–13.11 t ha−1 a−1) during Ming and Qing dynasties (1504–1812) were higher than the sedimentation rate (0.26–0.95 cm a−1) and specific sediment yield (0.95–6.99 t ha−1 a−1) in the recent century (1921–2021). Reconstruction data and literature from the Ming and Qing dynasties show an empirical link between changes in population, arable land, food, forest area, and deforestation events during the same period. It was found that the population and arable land in Guangxi increased more than three-fold and the forest area decreased significantly in the 17th century after the migration of the Yao ethnic group and the introduction of maize to the region, which may be the main reason for intensifying the erosion of depressions. This study is of great significance to understanding the evolution history of rocky desertification in this region and to answer the potential of afforestation.

在大规模生态修复的背景下,中国西南岩溶地区在过去 20 年里已成为全球植被 "绿化 "的热点地区。然而,由于地质条件的限制,部分地区的森林景观难以恢复。当务之急是了解历史时期人类干扰对岩溶地区难以造林的石漠化地区的影响,以指导未来的植树造林。本研究采用岩溶洼地 137Cs、210Pb 和 14C 测年方法,量化了典型岩溶洼地近 500 年来特定沉积量的变化,并结合历史数据确定了与历史侵蚀和沉积相关的主要人类干扰。结果表明,1921-1963 年三个洼地的侵蚀和沉积作用明显高于 1963-2021 年,沉积速率(0.64-1.33 cm a-1)和比沉积量(2.明清时期(1504-1812 年)的沉积速率(0.26-0.95 cm a-1)和比沉积量(0.95-6.99 t ha-1 a-1)均高于近百年(1921-2021 年)的沉积速率和比沉积量。)明清时期的重建数据和文献显示,同一时期的人口、耕地、粮食、森林面积变化与毁林事件之间存在经验联系。研究发现,17 世纪瑶族迁徙和玉米传入广西后,广西人口和耕地增加了三倍多,森林面积大幅减少,这可能是加剧洼地侵蚀的主要原因。这项研究对了解该地区石漠化的演化历史和回答植树造林的潜力问题具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Relationship between environmental evolution and human activities in the northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau throughout the past millennium and its implications for the onset of the Anthropocene 过去千年青藏高原东北部环境演变与人类活动的关系及其对人类世到来的影响
IF 5.7 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11430-024-1407-x
Yang Pu, Xueqiong Wei, Jianbao Liu, Ke Zhang, Beibei Li, Zhudeng Wei, Mengmeng Zhang, Tong He, Yanjun Wang, Xiaohua Shao

In current research on the Anthropocene, assessing the impact of human activities via stratigraphic records of sediments and demarcating the Anthropocene epoch globally are critical scientific issues that urgently need to be addressed. The northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP), where humans first settled permanently in large numbers in the QXP, has varying sedimentary environments that are extremely sensitive to human activities. In contrast to other regions of the QXP, the northeastern sector boasts a richer array of climatic and environmental reconstruction sequences. This distinctive feature renders it an exemplary locale for investigating the stratigraphic boundary of the Anthropocene. Through in-depth analysis and integration of existing paleoclimate and paleoenvironment sequences in the northeastern QXP, we draw the following conclusions: (1) Throughout the past millennium, the impact of human activities on the environment of the northeastern QXP has become increasingly significant, especially in the past 200–300 years, gradually overshadowing climatic factors. (2) Since AD 1950, multiple physicochemical indicators related to human activities in the northeastern QXP have shown exponential growth, forming a distinct peak within the past millennium and clearly depicting the global “Great Acceleration” phenomenon and its development process. (3) Intensified human activities have driven swift environmental shifts and “decoupled” the interplay between climatic variations and the ecological environment, propelling the northeastern QXP into the “Early Anthropocene” from the “Late Holocene”. On the basis of the above findings, we construct a model suitable for identifying the stratigraphic boundary of the Anthropocene in the northeastern QXP and note that since the ecological environment in the northeastern QXP has entered the “Early Anthropocene”, the climate signals of certain physicochemical indicators in sediments are gradually becoming weaker, whereas the signals of human activities are becoming stronger.

在当前的 "人类世 "研究中,通过沉积物地层记录评估人类活动的影响以及在全球范围内划分 "人类世 "是亟待解决的关键科学问题。青藏高原东北部是人类首次在青藏高原永久定居的地方,这里的沉积环境各不相同,对人类活动极为敏感。与青藏高原的其他地区相比,东北部地区的气候和环境重建序列更为丰富。这一显著特点使其成为研究人类世地层边界的典范。通过对青藏高原东北部地区现有古气候和古环境序列的深入分析和整合,我们得出以下结论:(1)近千年来,人类活动对青藏高原东北部地区环境的影响日益显著,尤其是近 200-300 年来,人类活动对青藏高原东北部地区环境的影响逐渐盖过了气候因素。(2) 自公元 1950 年以来,QXP 东北部与人类活动相关的多个理化指标呈指数级增长,在近千年内形成了一个明显的峰值,清晰地描绘了全球 "大加速 "现象及其发展过程。(3) 人类活动的加剧推动了环境的急剧变化,使气候变异与生态环境的相互作用 "脱钩",将 QXP 东北部从 "全新世晚期 "推向 "人类世早期"。在此基础上,我们构建了一个适用于确定 QXP 东北部 "人类世 "地层边界的模型,并指出,自 QXP 东北部生态环境进入 "人类世早期 "以来,沉积物中某些理化指标的气候信号逐渐变弱,而人类活动信号则逐渐变强。
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引用次数: 0
First observation results of Macao Science Satellite 1 on lightning-induced electron precipitation 澳门科学卫星 1 号关于雷电引起的电子沉淀的首次观测结果
IF 5.7 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11430-024-1411-x
Yongping Wang, Yixin Sun, Qiugang Zong, Gaopeng Lu, Xudong Gu, Ze-Jun Hu, Bin Li

The mid-energy electron detector (MEED) is a space-borne instrument onboard Macao Science Satellite 1 (MSS-1) dedicated to monitoring the typical charged particle radiation characteristics in the satellite orbit and the process of their occurrence and development, including short bursts of lightning-induced electron precipitation (LEP). This paper presents the first results of the LEP measurements by the MSS-1. 47 LEP events are identified with the routine operation for 3 months since satellite launch, all within the range of 1.5<L<3.0 (where L represents the McIlwain L-parameter), and the causative lightning discharges are definitively geo-located for these LEP events. The LEP events occur within <1 s of the causative lightning and consist of 40–300 keV electrons. A preliminary observation result indicates that, with medium-energy electron detectors, MSS-1 can present in-situ observations of large regions of enhanced background precipitation and reveal their fine spatiotemporal characteristics and spectral signatures. The collaborative VLF ground-based measurements at the Great Wall Station, Antarctica also have a good correspondence with LEP measurements of MSS-1. The observations also imply that lightning activity has a modulation effect on the energetic electron energy-spatial structure.

中能电子探测器(MEED)是澳门科学卫星 1 号(MSS-1)上的一个星载仪器,专门用于监测卫星轨道上典型的带电粒子辐射特征及其发生和发展过程,包括短脉冲闪电诱导电子沉淀(LEP)。本文介绍了 MSS-1 进行 LEP 测量的首批结果。在卫星发射后 3 个月的例行运行中,确定了 47 个 LEP 事件,所有事件都在 1.5<L<3.0(其中 L 代表 McIlwain L 参数)范围内,并对这些 LEP 事件的雷电放电成因进行了明确的地理定位。LEP 事件发生在起因闪电的 <1 秒内,由 40-300 千伏电子组成。初步观测结果表明,利用中能电子探测器,MSS-1 可以对大面积的增强背景降水进行现场观测,并揭示其精细的时空特征和光谱特征。在南极长城站进行的 VLF 地面合作测量与 MSS-1 的 LEP 测量也有很好的对应关系。观测结果还表明,闪电活动对高能电子能量空间结构具有调制作用。
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引用次数: 0
Reconciled estimation of Antarctic ice sheet mass balance and contribution to global sea level change from 1996 to 2021 对 1996 至 2021 年南极冰盖质量平衡和对全球海平面变化的贡献的协调估算
IF 5.7 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11430-023-1394-5
Rongxing Li, Guojun Li, Gang Hai, Huan Xie, Yuan Cheng, Wei Chen, Xiangbin Cui, Minghu Ding, Chunchun Gao, Tong Hao, Changqing Ke, Chuanjin Li, Jin Li, Yan Liu, Jiangjun Ran, Jiawen Ren, Qiang Shen, Yunzhong Shen, Hongling Shi, Songyun Wang, Zemin Wang, Jingang Zhan, Baojun Zhang, Min Zhong, Chunxia Zhou

The Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) has been losing ice mass and contributing to global sea level rise (GSLR). Given its mass that is enough to cause ∼58 m of GSLR, accurate estimation of mass balance trend is critical for AIS mass loss monitoring and sea level rise forecasting. Here, we present an improved approach to reconciled solutions of mass balance in AIS and its regions from multiple contributing solutions using the input-out, altimetric, and gravimetric methods. In comparison to previous methods, such as IMBIE 2018, this approach utilizes an adaptive data aggregation window to handle the heterogeneity of the contributing solutions, including the number of solutions, temporal distributions, uncertainties, and estimation techniques. We improved the regression-based method by using a two-step procedure that establishes ensembled solutions within each method (input-output, altimetry, or gravimetry) and then estimates the method-independent reconciled solutions. For the first time, 16 contributing solutions from 8 Chinese institutions are used to estimate the reconciled mass balance of AIS and its regions from 1996 to 2021. Our results show that AIS has lost a total ice mass of ∼3213±253 Gt during the period, an equivalent of ∼8.9±0.7 mm of GSLR. There is a sustained mass loss acceleration since 2006, from 88.1±3.6 Gt yr−1 during 1996–2005 to 130.7±8.4 Gt yr−1 during 2006–2013 and further to 157.0±9.0 Gt yr−1 during 2014–2021. The mass loss signal in the West Antarctica and Antarctic Peninsula is dominant and clearly presented in the reconciled estimation and contributing solutions, regardless of estimation methods used and fluctuation of surface mass balance. Uncertainty and challenges remain in mass balance estimation in East Antarctica. This reconciled estimation approach can be extended and applied for improved mass balance estimation in the Greenland Ice Sheet and mountain glacier regions.

南极冰盖(AIS)的冰量一直在减少,并导致全球海平面上升(GSLR)。鉴于南极冰盖的质量足以导致全球海平面上升 58 米,准确估算质量平衡趋势对于监测南极冰盖质量损失和预测海平面上升至关重要。在此,我们提出了一种改进的方法,利用输入输出法、测高法和重力测量法,从多个贡献解中调和出 AIS 及其区域的质量平衡解。与之前的方法(如 IMBIE 2018)相比,该方法利用自适应数据聚合窗口来处理贡献解的异质性,包括解的数量、时间分布、不确定性和估算技术。我们改进了基于回归的方法,采用两步程序,在每种方法(输入-输出、测高或重力测量)内建立集合解,然后估算与方法无关的调和解。我们首次使用了来自 8 个中国机构的 16 个贡献解来估算 1996 年至 2021 年亚洲国际空间站及其区域的调和质量平衡。结果表明,在此期间,AIS 总共损失了 ∼3213±253 Gt 的冰质量,相当于 ∼8.9±0.7 mm 的 GSLR。自 2006 年以来,质量损失持续加速,从 1996-2005 年期间的 88.1±3.6 Gt yr-1 增加到 2006-2013 年期间的 130.7±8.4 Gt yr-1,并进一步增加到 2014-2021 年期间的 157.0±9.0 Gt yr-1。南极洲西部和南极半岛的质量损失信号占主导地位,并清晰地呈现在调和后的估算和贡献方案中,而与所使用的估算方法和地表质量平衡的波动无关。南极洲东部的质量平衡估算仍存在不确定性和挑战。这种协调估算方法可以推广应用,以改进格陵兰冰原和高山冰川地区的质量平衡估算。
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引用次数: 0
An integrated land change modeler and distributed hydrological model approach for quantifying future urban runoff dynamics 用于量化未来城市径流动态的土地变化模型和分布式水文模型综合方法
IF 5.7 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11430-024-1384-8
Asad Hussain Muhammad, Waseem Muhammad, Ajmal Muhammad, Atiq Ur Rehman Tariq Muhammad, Jiaqing Xiao, Tao Yang, Pengfei Shi

Climate and land use changes have a significant impact on the runoff generation process in urban environments, and these effects could get worse in the future. The combined contributions of these changes have increased the risk of flooding. Therefore, there is a need for integrated modeling to better understand the runoff variability, especially in small urban catchments. To quantify and separate the effects of land-use changes and climate change on the hydrological response of urban catchments with a distributed hydrological model (Storm Water Management Model, SWMM), this study introduces a new integrated approach based on the Machine Learning based land use change modeler and climate change scenarios under CMIP6. Based on supervised classification and land use change model analysis, accumulated impervious area increase from 22% (in 2023) to 33% (in 2060) was observed in the study area. Furthermore, integrating this projected increase in imperviousness with future climate change into SWMM by considering three different scenarios i.e., S1 (Climate Change), S2 (Combined Land Use and Climate Change), and S3 (Land use Change) resulted that climate change could cause an increase in runoff from 13.2% to 18.3% in peak runoff and the contribution of land use could range from 9.1% to 18.6%. Similarly, in response to the coupled effects of climate and land-use change, the runoff would likely change from 24.53% to 39.66%. Conclusively, the study showed that despite climate change, intensive urban development by the substitution of impervious surfaces could also have a severe impact on the microclimate and hydrology of small catchments. Lastly, this study could provide a way forward for the future planning and management of water resources in small catchments which could be extended to larger catchments.

气候和土地利用的变化对城市环境中的径流生成过程产生了重大影响,这些影响在未来可能会变得更加严重。这些变化的共同作用增加了洪水风险。因此,有必要进行综合建模,以更好地了解径流的变化,尤其是小型城市集水区的径流变化。为了利用分布式水文模型(暴雨管理模型,SWMM)量化和分离土地利用变化和气候变化对城市集水区水文响应的影响,本研究引入了一种基于机器学习的土地利用变化模型和 CMIP6 下气候变化情景的新综合方法。根据监督分类和土地利用变化模型分析,在研究区域观察到不透水面积从 22%(2023 年)累积增加到 33%(2060 年)。此外,通过考虑三种不同的情景,即 S1(气候变化)、S2(土地利用和气候变化组合)和 S3(土地利用变化),将不透水面积的预计增加与未来的气候变化整合到 SWMM 中,结果发现气候变化可能导致径流峰值增加 13.2% 至 18.3%,而土地利用的贡献可能在 9.1% 至 18.6% 之间。同样,在气候和土地利用变化的耦合效应下,径流量可能会从 24.53% 变为 39.66%。总之,该研究表明,尽管气候变化,但通过更换不透水表面进行的密集型城市发展也会对小型集水区的小气候和水文产生严重影响。最后,这项研究可为今后小型集水区的水资源规划和管理提供参考,并可推广到更大的集水区。
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引用次数: 0
Sources, enrichment mechanisms, and resource effects of rare metal elements-enriched geothermal springs in Xizang, China 中国西藏稀有金属元素富集地热泉的来源、富集机制和资源效应
IF 5.7 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11430-024-1413-0
Fei Xue, Hongbing Tan, Xiying Zhang, Jinbao Su
<p>Rare metals such as lithium (Li), rubidium (Rb), and cesium (Cs) are strategically crucial mineral resources for the development of emerging industries in China. Ensuring a stable long-term supply of these resources is essential. The geothermal systems in Xizang, China are well-developed, with a wide distribution of various types. Most high-temperature geothermal systems in Xizang are exceptionally enriched in rare metal elements (RMEs) and have the potential to become a new source of rare metals to secure China’s strategic mineral resource supply in the future. A close relationship also exists between the geothermal system and the special salt lake resources on the Tibetan Plateau. Geothermal springs thus play a key role in the migration and enrichment of RMEs from deep to shallow parts of the crust, in the transition between endogenous and exogenous mineralization, and source-to-sink processes. However, the mechanisms of element enrichment and evolution in these springs have not been systematically discussed, and many theoretical issues remain to be investigated. Based on summarizing and analyzing previous research, this study employs hydrochemical and isotopic geochemistry methods to investigate typical geothermal springs across Xizang and explore the anomalous enrichment mechanism of RMEs, and the resource effects of geothermal springs. Comprehensive analysis shows that the total dissolved solids (TDS) and hydrochemical types of geothermal springs are similar to those of major geothermal fields worldwide, but the Tibetan springs are abnormally rich in Li (averaging 5.48 mg/L), Rb (averaging 0.75 mg/L), and Cs (averaging 3.58 mg/L), which are hundreds to thousands of times more concentrated than natural waters. The distribution of these enriched geothermal springs is controlled by the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone and the extended N-S trending rifts, especially in the intersection zone of the two, where the geothermal springs are the most enriched. Based on the spatial distribution, isotopic, and elemental geochemistry, the RMEs enriched in Tibetan geothermal springs are mainly derived from the magmatic-hydrothermal fluids generated by the partial melting of the subducted Indian plate under the Eurasian continent. These fluids not only maintain geothermal activities as a heat source but also participate in the material cycle of the geothermal spring as a material source. Against the background of regional crustal enrichment in RMEs, incompatible elements such as Li, Rb, and Cs are gradually enriched in magmatic-hydrothermal processes including partial melting in the source, magmatic differentiation, and hydrothermal fluid exsolution, and some ore-forming elements are further extracted from surrounding rocks through deep high-temperature water-rock interactions. Eventually, an eruption occurs, and these fluids move to the surface to form a geothermal spring rich in RMEs. With the drainage of geothermal springs, the RMEs are continuously transpo
锂(Li)、铷(Rb)和铯(Cs)等稀有金属是对中国新兴产业发展具有战略意义的重要矿产资源。确保这些资源的长期稳定供应至关重要。中国西藏的地热系统十分发达,各种类型分布广泛。西藏大部分高温地热系统的稀有金属元素(RMEs)含量特别丰富,有望成为未来保障中国战略性矿产资源供应的稀有金属新来源。地热系统与青藏高原特殊的盐湖资源之间也存在着密切的关系。因此,地热泉在稀有金属从地壳深部向浅部的迁移和富集、内源成矿和外源成矿的过渡以及源-汇过程中发挥着关键作用。然而,这些泉水中元素富集和演化的机制尚未得到系统讨论,许多理论问题仍有待研究。本研究在总结分析前人研究的基础上,采用水化学和同位素地球化学方法对西藏各地典型地热泉进行了研究,探讨了RMEs的异常富集机制和地热泉的资源效应。综合分析表明,地热泉的总溶解固体(TDS)和水化学类型与世界主要地热田相似,但西藏地热泉的锂元素(平均5.48毫克/升)、铷元素(平均0.75毫克/升)和铯元素(平均3.58毫克/升)异常富集,是天然水的数百倍至数千倍。这些富集地热泉的分布受雅鲁藏布江缝合带和延伸的 N-S 向断裂带的控制,尤其是在两者的交汇地带,地热泉的富集程度最高。从空间分布、同位素和元素地球化学角度看,西藏地热泉富集的熔岩热液主要来源于欧亚大陆下俯冲的印度板块部分融化产生的岩浆热液。这些流体不仅作为热源维持地热活动,还作为物质源参与地热泉的物质循环。在区域地壳富集 RME 的背景下,Li、Rb 和 Cs 等不相容元素在岩浆-热液过程中逐渐富集,包括源头部分熔融、岩浆分异和热液外溶,一些成矿元素通过深层高温水-岩石相互作用进一步从周围岩石中提取。最终,火山喷发,这些流体流向地表,形成富含 RME 的地热泉。随着地热泉水的排泄,RMEs 被地表径流源源不断地输送到湖盆中,在极度干旱的气候环境下不断富集演化成盐湖卤水,构成了内源外积的盐湖成矿模式。通过对地热泉的来源、迁移、富集机制和资源效应的全面解释,将加深对稀有金属成矿过程的认识,有助于推进青藏高原各类地质体中关键稀有金属矿产资源理论模型的建立,极大地拓展勘查范围,准确评估稀有金属矿产的资源潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic volcanic-sedimentary history of the southeastern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Timing of uplift of the Inner Mongolia paleo-uplift 中亚造山带东南缘晚古生代至中生代早期火山沉积史:内蒙古古隆起的隆升时间
IF 5.7 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11430-024-1372-0
Wenxing Hao, Jin-Hui Yang, Guang Zhu

The Kulun region is located in the eastern Bainaimiao arc belt on the southeastern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), adjacent to the North China Craton (NCC) to the south. This region records the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean during the Paleozoic to early Mesozoic and is key to study the tectonic evolution of the northern margin of the NCC. We conducted zircon U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotope analysis of volcanic-sedimentary and intrusive rocks in the Kulun region. The volcanic-sedimentary rocks were previously assigned an early Carboniferous age, but include volcanic rocks with ages of 267–266 Ma and sedimentary rocks with youngest detrital zircon age peaks of 265–244 Ma, which were intruded by a granite with an age of 242 Ma. This indicates that these rocks are actually middle Permian to Middle Triassic in age (267–242 Ma) and correspond to the Qingfengshan and Liujiagou formations. Moreover, two volcanic rock samples have high εHf(t) values (+1.6 to +16.1) and relatively young two-stage Hf model ages (1095–327 Ma), indicating their sources associated with the CAOB. The age spectra and Hf isotopic characteristics of detrital zircons from the sedimentary rocks suggest that, during the middle Permian to Middle Triassic, the sedimentary provenance in the Kulun region was mainly the CAOB. However, by the Early Jurassic, the provenance changed to the NCC (i.e., the Inner Mongolia Paleo-uplift, IMPU). This result, combined with the development of a series of conglomerates on the northern margin of the NCC in the Late Triassic (i.e., Xingshikou, Xiaoyingzi, and Xiaohekou formations), indicates the Kulun region experienced an abrupt change in paleogeography during the Late Triassic, with the IMPU undergoing significant uplift and thus becoming the main sediment source in the Kulun region. Based on the Late Triassic alkaline igneous belt (235–215 Ma) in the IMPU, we speculate that this uplift was caused by detachment of the southward-subducting Paleo-Asian oceanic plate, which occurred in a post-orogenic extensional setting. The boundary between the NCC and CAOB (i.e., the Bainaimiao arc belt) in the Kulun region is defined by the newly identified Paleoproterozoic granites (1.8 and 1.6 Ga) and our zircon geochronology and Hf isotope data.

库伦地区位于中亚造山带(CAOB)东南缘白泥庙弧带东部,南邻华北克拉通(NCC)。该地区记录了古生代至中生代早期古亚洲洋的闭合过程,是研究华北克拉通北缘构造演化的关键。我们对库伦地区的火山沉积岩和侵入岩进行了锆石U-Pb地质年代学和Hf同位素分析。火山沉积岩以前被认为是早石炭纪,但其中包括年龄为267-266Ma的火山岩和年龄为265-244Ma的沉积岩,其最年轻的碎屑锆石年龄峰值为265-244Ma,这些岩石是由年龄为242Ma的花岗岩侵入的。这表明这些岩石的实际年龄为二叠纪中期至三叠纪中期(267-242Ma),与清风山地层和刘家沟地层相对应。此外,两个火山岩样品具有较高的εHf(t)值(+1.6至+16.1)和相对年轻的两阶段Hf模型年龄(1095-327Ma),表明其来源与CAOB有关。沉积岩中的碎屑锆石的年龄谱和 Hf 同位素特征表明,在二叠纪中期至三叠纪中期,库伦地区的沉积产地主要是 CAOB。然而,到了早侏罗世,沉积产地变为NCC(即内蒙古古隆起,IMPU)。这一结果与晚三叠世NCC北缘一系列砾岩(即杏石口、小营子和小河口地层)的发育相结合,表明库伦地区在晚三叠世经历了古地理的突然变化,IMPU发生了显著的隆起,从而成为库伦地区的主要沉积源。根据IMPU的晚三叠世碱性火成岩带(235-215 Ma),我们推测这次隆升是由于向南俯冲的古亚洲大洋板块在后成因伸展背景下发生剥离造成的。库伦地区的NCC和CAOB(即白泥庙弧带)之间的边界是由新发现的古近纪花岗岩(1.8和1.6 Ga)以及我们的锆石地质年代学和Hf同位素数据确定的。
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引用次数: 0
Remnants and fragments of the subducted paleo-Pacific plate: Constraints from geochemistry and geophysics 古太平洋俯冲板块的残留物和碎片:地球化学和地球物理学的制约因素
IF 5.7 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11430-024-1352-y
Xisheng Xu, Zhouchuan Huang, Dingsheng Jiang, Gang Zeng, Li-Qun Dai

The subduction and rollback of the paleo-Pacific plate during Mesozoic time was the key engine for the evolution of the continental margin in eastern China. It led to lateral accretion of continental crust in Northeast China, lithospheric destruction beneath the North China Craton, and the generation of huge volumes of felsic magmatic rocks in South China. This had a profound influence on deep material cycles and the evolution of epigenetic environmental systems along the continental margin of East Asia. To fully understand the transformation of the dynamic mechanism during the subduction and rollback of the paleo-Pacific plate, we have attempted to trace the remnants and fragments of the subducted paleo-Pacific plate at great depths. Such remnants in both temporal and spatial dimensions can be tracked by using geochemical and geophysical approaches. Studies of the trace elements, Mg-Zn isotopes and Os-Nd-Hf-Pb-O isotopes in continental basalts from eastern China reveal a significant number of the remnants of subduction of the paleo-Pacific plate, and the initial subduction can be traced back to the Early Jurassic. Large-scale geophysical imaging unveils a multitude of high-velocity anomalies in the lower mantle of East Asia. Notably, many high-velocity bodies, aptly referred to as “slab graveyards”, are nestled at the base of the lower mantle. Numerous isolated high-velocity anomalies are also present in the upper part of the lower mantle, creating conduits for the descent of the subducted slabs into the lower mantle. However, a resolution of the remnants for the subducted slabs within the lower mantle are quite low. Consequently, their impact on the lower mantle’s dynamics is yet to be thoroughly investigated. Finally, the presently observed big mantle wedge (BMW) in East Asia has developed through subduction of the Pacific plate in the Cenozoic. However, following the rollback of the paleo-Pacific plate (began at ∼145 Ma), a Cretaceous BMW system would also form above the mantle transition zone in East Asia. There are significant differences in tectonic-magmatic processes and basin-forming and hydrocarbon-accumulation processes among different regions along the East Asian continental margin. Such differences may be controlled by variations in the speed and angle of rollback of the paleo-Pacific plate.

中生代时期古太平洋板块的俯冲和后退是中国东部大陆边缘演化的关键动力。它导致了中国东北地区大陆地壳的横向增生、华北克拉通下岩石圈的破坏以及华南地区大量长岩浆岩的生成。这对东亚大陆边缘的深层物质循环和表生环境系统的演化产生了深远的影响。为了全面了解古太平洋板块俯冲和回滚过程中动力机制的转变,我们试图追踪古太平洋板块俯冲后在深海中的残余和碎片。利用地球化学和地球物理方法可以从时间和空间两个维度追踪这些残余物。对中国东部大陆玄武岩中微量元素、镁锌同位素和Os-Nd-Hf-Pb-O同位素的研究揭示了大量古太平洋板块俯冲的遗迹,最初的俯冲可以追溯到早侏罗世。大规模地球物理成像揭示了东亚下地幔中的大量高速异常。值得注意的是,许多被恰当地称为 "板坯墓地 "的高速岩体都坐落在下地幔的底部。下地幔上部还存在许多孤立的高速异常,为俯冲板块下降到下地幔创造了通道。然而,下地幔内俯冲板块残余的分辨率很低。因此,它们对下地幔动力学的影响还有待深入研究。最后,目前观测到的东亚大地幔楔(BMW)是在新生代太平洋板块俯冲作用下形成的。然而,随着古太平洋板块的后退(始于 145 Ma),白垩纪的大地幔楔系统也将在东亚地幔过渡带上方形成。东亚大陆边缘不同地区的构造-岩浆过程以及盆地形成和碳氢化合物聚集过程存在显著差异。这种差异可能受古太平洋板块滚回速度和角度变化的控制。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-agent mobile networking observation experiment at the air-sea interface of ocean eddy 海洋漩涡海气界面多代理移动联网观测实验
IF 5.7 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11430-023-1389-8
Yi Zhang, Dongxiao Wang, Li Zhou, Chunhua Qiu, Yunfei Zhang, Zhiliang Deng, Biao Zhang, Yunping Liu, Yeqiang Shu, Fenghua Zhou, Danian Liu, Zhengqiu Zhang

Current climate forecasting has advanced to the stage of investigating mesoscale air-sea interactions. Recent studies have identified significant structural differences between the cores and edges of mesoscale eddies; however, the effects of these structural variations on air-sea fluxes and the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer (MABL) remain underexplored. Traditional observations often fail to capture the detailed structures of eddies, necessitating enhanced observations at high spatiotemporal resolution for mesoscale eddies. To address this, efforts have been made to develop multi-agent platforms and expendable air-sea interface observation technologies. A task-oriented observation scheme was developed to monitor the spatial characteristics of mesoscale eddies. The South China Sea (SCS) is rich in mesoscale eddies with rapid motion changes, requiring enhanced observations of the air-sea interface using multi-agent mobile networking. An anticyclonic eddy was observed in the eastern region of the Xisha Islands in the SCS, and we examined variations in air-sea fluxes across different regions within the eddy.

目前的气候预报已经发展到调查中尺度海气相互作用的阶段。最近的研究发现,中尺度漩涡的核心和边缘之间存在明显的结构差异;然而,这些结构变化对海气通量和海洋大气边界层(MABL)的影响仍未得到充分探索。传统的观测往往无法捕捉到漩涡的详细结构,因此有必要加强对中尺度漩涡的高时空分辨率观测。为解决这一问题,人们努力开发多代理平台和消耗性海空界面观测技术。为监测中尺度漩涡的空间特征,开发了以任务为导向的观测方案。中国南海(SCS)中尺度漩涡丰富,运动变化迅速,需要利用多代理移动网络加强海空界面观测。在南中国海西沙群岛东部地区观测到一个反气旋涡,我们研究了涡内不同区域的海气通量变化。
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引用次数: 0
Distribution, burial fluxes and carbon sink effect of sedimentary organic carbon in the eastern China seas 中国东部海域沉积有机碳的分布、埋藏通量和碳汇效应
IF 5.7 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11430-024-1412-0
Xuefa Shi, Bin Wu, Shuqing Qiao, Zhengquan Yao, Limin Hu, Yazhi Bai, Shan Hu, Jie Sheng, Yanguang Liu, Shengfa Liu, Kunshan Wang, Jianjun Zou

The ocean is the largest active carbon reservoir on Earth. Organic carbon (OC), as the primary species of carbon sequestration in the ocean, plays an important role in the global carbon cycle through its deposition and burial. In this study, sedimentary OC data from 5796 stations, together with relevant geochemical and sedimentological parameters in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea (BYES) were used to summarize and elucidate the distribution and burial patterns of sedimentary OC, and assess carbon sink effect of sedimentary OC burial. The results show that the OC content in the sediments of the BYES ranges from 0.00% to 2.12%, with an average content of 0.47%±0.26%. OC content is significantly correlated with finegrained sediments, with an average OC content in mud areas being 39% higher than that in non-mud areas. Modern OC buried in the BYES are mainly deposited in 7 major mud areas, with a total sedimentary OC burial flux of approximately 8.20 Mt C yr−1. Among them, the burial flux of biospheric OC is 6.92 Mt C yr−1, equivalent to the OC consumption amount of silicate weathering of the 9 major river basins in the eastern China. In its natural state, the annually sequestered OC in the sediments of the eastern China seas is equivalent to 25.37 Mt of atmospheric CO2, indicating a significant carbon sink effect. The distribution and burial of terrigenous OC in the BYES are mainly influenced by the large river inputs and complex marine hydrodynamic environment, while human activities such as dam construction have significantly altered the OC burial in these coastal mud areas.

海洋是地球上最大的活性碳库。有机碳(OC)作为海洋固碳的主要物种,通过沉积和埋藏在全球碳循环中发挥着重要作用。本研究利用渤海、黄海和东海(BYES)5796 个站位的沉积 OC 数据以及相关地球化学和沉积学参数,总结并阐明了沉积 OC 的分布和埋藏规律,评估了沉积 OC 埋藏的碳汇效应。结果表明,东海和南海沉积物中 OC 含量介于 0.00%~2.12% 之间,平均含量为 0.47%±0.26%。OC 含量与细粒沉积物有明显的相关性,泥质区域的 OC 平均含量比非泥质区域高 39%。埋藏在毕兹河中的现代 OC 主要沉积在 7 个主要泥区,沉积 OC 总埋藏通量约为 8.20 Mt C yr-1。其中,生物圈 OC 埋藏通量为 6.92 百万吨 C/年-1,相当于中国东部 9 大流域硅酸盐风化消耗的 OC 量。在自然状态下,中国东部海域沉积物中每年封存的 OC 相当于大气中的 2537 万吨 CO2,显示出显著的碳汇效应。陆源 OC 在 BYES 中的分布和埋藏主要受大量河流输入和复杂的海洋水动力环境的影响,而大坝建设等人类活动极大地改变了这些沿岸泥区的 OC 埋藏。
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引用次数: 0
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Science China Earth Sciences
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