Unveiling the role of catalytically active MXene supports in enhancing the performance and durability of cobalt oxygen evolution reaction catalysts for anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers

Abstract

The role of 2D transition metal carbides, also known as MXenes, as active catalyst supports in Co-based oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts was elucidated through a combination of experimental and computation electrochemistry. Through facile seeding of commericial Co nanoparticles on three different MXene supports (Ti₃C₂T_x, Mo₂Ti₂C₃T_x, Mo₂CT_x), Co@MXene catalysts were prepared and their electrochemical properties examined for alkaline OER electrocatalysts. The OER activity enhancement of Co was significantly improved for Mo₂CT_x and Mo₂Ti₂C₃T_x supports, but marginal on the Ti₃C₂T_x in rotating disk electrode and membrane electrode assembly tests. The Co@Mo₂CT_x exhibited the highest anion exchange water electrolysis performance of 2.11 A cm⁻² at 1.8 V with over 700 h of stable performance, exceeding previous benchmarks for non-platinum group (non-PGM) metal OER catalysts. The superior performance was attributed to the strong chemical interaction of Co nanoparticle with the Mo₂CT_x MXene support. Insights into the electrochemical and chemical oxidation according to MXene type as related to cell durability, as well the effect of electrical conductivity and inherent boosting of electrocatalytic activity of Mo-based MXenes elucidated through density functional theory (DFT) calculations helped explain the performance and durability enhancement of Mo-based MXene supports over Ti₃C₂T_x supports.