Reduced Belief Updating in the Context of Depressive Symptoms: An Investigation of the Associations with Interpretation Biases and Self-Evaluation

IF 2.8 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Cognitive Therapy and Research Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI:10.1007/s10608-023-10454-w
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Abstract

Background

Depressive symptoms are associated with negative expectations and reduced belief updating by positive information. Cognitive immunization, the devaluation of positive information, has been argued to be central in this relationship and predictive processing models suggest that more positive information is associated with greater cognitive immunization.

Methods

In an online experiment, N = 347 healthy participants took part in a performance task with standardized feedback of varying levels of positivity (mild, moderate, extreme). Effects of feedback positivity on cognitive immunization were investigated. Further, depressive symptoms, interpretation bias and participant’s self-evaluation were examined as potential correlates of belief updating.

Results

As expected, participants receiving mildly positive feedback reported a greater amount of cognitive immunization than those receiving moderately positive feedback. However, neither group differed from those receiving extremely positive feedback. Although depressive symptoms did not show the hypothesized association with cognitive immunization, they were associated with a weaker increase in positive expectations following feedback. Exploratory analyses showed associations between self-evaluation and belief updating.

Conclusions

The results suggest that healthy participants engaged in cognitive immunization when feedback was less positive than expected. Depressive symptoms were associated with reduced belief updating, but not with cognitive immunization. Self-evaluation may be a promising factor for future research.

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抑郁症状下的信念更新减少:解释偏差与自我评价的关联调查
摘要 背景 抑郁症状与消极期望和积极信息对信念更新的影响有关。认知免疫(积极信息的贬值)被认为是这种关系的核心,预测处理模型表明,更多的积极信息与更大的认知免疫有关。 方法 在一项在线实验中,N = 347 名健康参与者参加了一项带有不同积极程度(轻度、中度、极度)标准化反馈的表现任务。实验研究了反馈积极性对认知免疫的影响。此外,还研究了抑郁症状、解释偏差和参与者的自我评价作为信念更新的潜在相关因素。 结果 不出所料,获得轻度积极反馈的受试者比获得中度积极反馈的受试者报告了更多的认知免疫。然而,这两组人都与获得极度积极反馈的人不同。虽然抑郁症状与认知免疫并不存在假设的关联,但它们与反馈后积极期望的增加关联较弱。探索性分析表明,自我评价与信念更新之间存在关联。 结论 结果表明,当反馈不如预期积极时,健康的参与者会进行认知免疫。抑郁症状与信念更新减少有关,但与认知免疫无关。自我评价可能是未来研究的一个有前途的因素。
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来源期刊
Cognitive Therapy and Research
Cognitive Therapy and Research PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL-
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
52
期刊介绍: Cognitive Therapy and Research (COTR) focuses on the investigation of cognitive processes in human adaptation and adjustment and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). It is an interdisciplinary journal welcoming submissions from diverse areas of psychology, including cognitive, clinical, developmental, experimental, personality, social, learning, affective neuroscience, emotion research, therapy mechanism, and pharmacotherapy.
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