Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1007/s10608-024-10532-7
Nour Kardosh, Nilly Mor
Purpose
Depressive symptoms are associated with reduced processing of and memory for positive content. These cognitive biases maintain depressive states, and are presumed to be interrelated. This study examined the effect of a single-session training to process (or inhibit) positive stimuli, on memory of new emotional content.
Methods
Participants (N = 138) were randomly assigned to conditions designed to increase or inhibit processing of positive content. Then, they made self-referential judgments concerning positive, negative and neutral words. Lastly, they free-recalled the words and completed a depression questionnaire.
Results
Training was effective in directing participants’ processing efforts. However, the effect of the training on self-referential judgment and memory for new positive content was only significant when contingent on depression levels. Positive endorsement and recall biases were negatively affected by the positive training among participants with higher depression scores.
Conclusions
These findings shed light on possible adverse effects of extensive exposure to positive content in depression.
{"title":"Training to Increase Processing of Positive Content Paradoxically Decreases Positive Memory Bias in High Levels of Depression","authors":"Nour Kardosh, Nilly Mor","doi":"10.1007/s10608-024-10532-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-024-10532-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Depressive symptoms are associated with reduced processing of and memory for positive content. These cognitive biases maintain depressive states, and are presumed to be interrelated. This study examined the effect of a single-session training to process (or inhibit) positive stimuli, on memory of new emotional content.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Participants (N = 138) were randomly assigned to conditions designed to increase or inhibit processing of positive content. Then, they made self-referential judgments concerning positive, negative and neutral words. Lastly, they free-recalled the words and completed a depression questionnaire.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Training was effective in directing participants’ processing efforts. However, the effect of the training on self-referential judgment and memory for new positive content was only significant when contingent on depression levels. Positive endorsement and recall biases were negatively affected by the positive training among participants with higher depression scores.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>These findings shed light on possible adverse effects of extensive exposure to positive content in depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1007/s10608-024-10531-8
Isabella Roberto, Michael A. Busseri
Purpose
In a pre-registered study, we evaluated the impact of viewing social anxiety as malleable through personal effort (incremental lay theory) or fixed in nature (entity lay theory) in a non-clinical sample.
Methods
An online community sample of 586 American participants (M age = 40.38 years, 57% female) were randomly assigned to either an incremental, entity, or control condition, and completed various self-report measures.
Results
Participants in the incremental (vs. entity) condition viewed social anxiety as more malleable, perceived greater control over their social anxiety (greater onset responsibility and offset efficacy), reported greater self-compassion and stronger intentions to engage in social behaviours, and yet greater self-blame. Greater baseline social anxiety predicted less perceived control, lower self-compassion, and weaker social behavior intentions, but did not moderate the effects of the lay theory manipulation. Correlational results based on individual differences in lay theories for social anxiety were consistent with findings based on comparisons among experimental conditions.
Conclusions
An incremental mindset concerning social anxiety could be advantageous in helping individuals with various levels of social anxiety manage their fears concerning social evaluation and social interactions.
{"title":"Lay Theories for Social Anxiety: Examining the Impact of Viewing Social Anxiety as Malleable Due to Personal Effort versus Fixed in Nature in a Non-clinical Sample","authors":"Isabella Roberto, Michael A. Busseri","doi":"10.1007/s10608-024-10531-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-024-10531-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>In a pre-registered study, we evaluated the impact of viewing social anxiety as malleable through personal effort (incremental lay theory) or fixed in nature (entity lay theory) in a non-clinical sample.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>An online community sample of 586 American participants (<i>M</i> age = 40.38 years, 57% female) were randomly assigned to either an incremental, entity, or control condition, and completed various self-report measures.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Participants in the incremental (vs. entity) condition viewed social anxiety as more malleable, perceived greater control over their social anxiety (greater onset responsibility and offset efficacy), reported greater self-compassion and stronger intentions to engage in social behaviours, and yet greater self-blame. Greater baseline social anxiety predicted less perceived control, lower self-compassion, and weaker social behavior intentions, but did not moderate the effects of the lay theory manipulation. Correlational results based on individual differences in lay theories for social anxiety were consistent with findings based on comparisons among experimental conditions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>An incremental mindset concerning social anxiety could be advantageous in helping individuals with various levels of social anxiety manage their fears concerning social evaluation and social interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1007/s10608-024-10533-6
Christina L. Robillard, Andrew C. Switzer, Nicole K. Legg, Emily L. Spargo, Brianna J. Turner
Purpose
Self-determination theory suggests that the associations between self-criticism and self-damaging behaviors (SDBs; e.g., nonsuicidal self-injury [NSSI], disordered eating [i.e., binge eating, purging, restrictive eating], and alcohol or drug misuse) are mediated by basic psychological needs frustration (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness frustration). However, limited research has tested this hypothesis, precluding our understanding of why or how self-criticism is associated with SDBs.
Methods
We addressed this research gap among 1018 adults with a recent history of SDBs (54.6% male, 83.6% White, Mage = 35.41). Participants were recruited on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and completed an online survey assessing self-criticism, basic psychological needs frustration, and engagement in SDBs. Structural equation modeling investigated the direct and indirect effects between these variables.
Results
Self-criticism was positively associated with NSSI, purging, alcohol misuse, and drug misuse. Autonomy frustration indirectly linked self-criticism to NSSI. Competence frustration indirectly linked self-criticism to NSSI, binge eating, restrictive eating, and drug misuse. Relatedness frustration indirectly linked self-criticism to alcohol misuse, drug misuse, binge eating, and restrictive eating, but the direction of these associations differed across SDBs. Specifically, self-criticism was associated with higher relatedness frustration, which in turn was associated with more severe substance misuse and less frequent disordered eating.
Conclusions
Overall, results support the applicability of self-determination theory to understanding how self-criticism is associated with a variety of distinct SDBs.
{"title":"Associations Between Self-Criticism, Basic Psychological Needs Frustration, and Self-Damaging Behaviors: An Application of Self-Determination Theory","authors":"Christina L. Robillard, Andrew C. Switzer, Nicole K. Legg, Emily L. Spargo, Brianna J. Turner","doi":"10.1007/s10608-024-10533-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-024-10533-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Self-determination theory suggests that the associations between self-criticism and self-damaging behaviors (SDBs; e.g., nonsuicidal self-injury [NSSI], disordered eating [i.e., binge eating, purging, restrictive eating], and alcohol or drug misuse) are mediated by basic psychological needs frustration (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness frustration). However, limited research has tested this hypothesis, precluding our understanding of <i>why</i> or <i>how</i> self-criticism is associated with SDBs.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We addressed this research gap among 1018 adults with a recent history of SDBs (54.6% male, 83.6% White, <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 35.41). Participants were recruited on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and completed an online survey assessing self-criticism, basic psychological needs frustration, and engagement in SDBs. Structural equation modeling investigated the direct and indirect effects between these variables.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Self-criticism was positively associated with NSSI, purging, alcohol misuse, and drug misuse. Autonomy frustration indirectly linked self-criticism to NSSI. Competence frustration indirectly linked self-criticism to NSSI, binge eating, restrictive eating, and drug misuse. Relatedness frustration indirectly linked self-criticism to alcohol misuse, drug misuse, binge eating, and restrictive eating, but the direction of these associations differed across SDBs. Specifically, self-criticism was associated with higher relatedness frustration, which in turn was associated with more severe substance misuse and less frequent disordered eating.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Overall, results support the applicability of self-determination theory to understanding how self-criticism is associated with a variety of distinct SDBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1007/s10608-024-10526-5
Shelby J. McGrew, Maya Zegel, Antoine Lebeaut, Rebecca M. Schwartz, Adam Gonzalez, Anka A. Vujanovic
Background
Firefighting is an intrinsically stressful occupation, and firefighters are routinely confronted with potentially traumatic experiences. Abilities to tolerate distress and to recover from stressful experiences (i.e., resilience) are pertinent to firefighting. Various facets of distress tolerance (DT), defined as the ability to withstand negative emotional and/or physical states, are thus of relevance to fire culture. Emotional distress tolerance (EDT) is the perceived ability to tolerate negative emotional states; distress intolerance (DI) is the perceived inability to tolerate such states; and distress overtolerance (DO) is the tendency to persist through distress despite negative consequences. Resilience may be related to DT among firefighters. Mindful attention, defined as present-focused awareness, may attenuate or moderate that association.
Methods
The present investigation examined the association of resilience and mindful attention with three distinct DT constructs, including perceived EDT, DI, and DO, among a sample of firefighters (N = 106; 93.4% male; 84.9% White; Mage = 42.6, SD = 1.1).
Results
The associations between resilience and (1) EDT; (2) DI; and (3) DO varied across levels of mindful attention. Findings were significant above and beyond the effects of theoretically-relevant covariates.
Conclusions
The present study extends prior research on risk and resilience variables among firefighters. By focusing on psychological mechanisms that are clinically malleable, this work has the potential to inform specialized interventions for firefighter mental wellness.
{"title":"Distress Tolerance Among Firefighters: Examining Main and Interactive Effects of Resilience and Mindful Attention","authors":"Shelby J. McGrew, Maya Zegel, Antoine Lebeaut, Rebecca M. Schwartz, Adam Gonzalez, Anka A. Vujanovic","doi":"10.1007/s10608-024-10526-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-024-10526-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Firefighting is an intrinsically stressful occupation, and firefighters are routinely confronted with potentially traumatic experiences. Abilities to tolerate distress and to recover from stressful experiences (i.e., resilience) are pertinent to firefighting. Various facets of distress tolerance (DT), defined as the ability to withstand negative emotional and/or physical states, are thus of relevance to fire culture. Emotional distress tolerance (EDT) is the perceived ability to tolerate negative emotional states; distress intolerance (DI) is the perceived <i>inability</i> to tolerate such states; and distress overtolerance (DO) is the tendency to persist through distress despite negative consequences. Resilience may be related to DT among firefighters. Mindful attention, defined as present-focused awareness, may attenuate or moderate that association.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The present investigation examined the association of resilience and mindful attention with three distinct DT constructs, including perceived EDT, DI, and DO, among a sample of firefighters (<i>N</i> = 106; 93.4% male; 84.9% White; <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 42.6, <i>SD</i> = 1.1).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The associations between resilience and (1) EDT; (2) DI; and (3) DO varied across levels of mindful attention. Findings were significant above and beyond the effects of theoretically-relevant covariates.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The present study extends prior research on risk and resilience variables among firefighters. By focusing on psychological mechanisms that are clinically malleable, this work has the potential to inform specialized interventions for firefighter mental wellness.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1007/s10608-024-10530-9
Jente Depoorter, Rudi De Raedt, Matthias Berking, Kristof Hoorelbeke
Background
Maladaptive emotion regulation has received a lot of attention as a potential mechanism underlying major depressive disorder (MDD). However, less is known about the role of adaptive emotion regulation skills and its specificity for MDD. The Adaptive Coping with Emotions model provides a framework for this, distinguishing early (Awareness, Sensations, Clarity, Understanding) and later processes (Modification, Acceptance, Tolerance, Readiness to confront and Effective Self-Support) relevant for emotion regulation.
Methods
The current study (N = 291) applied Network Analysis with Fused Graphical Lasso to jointly estimate emotion regulation networks in MDD (N = 160) and a control sample (N = 131). Within the two obtained network models, we investigated how different aspects of emotion regulation cluster together. In addition, level of centrality and unique associations between constructs were modeled. Permutation tests were applied to identify significant differences between both networks.
Results
Two communities were detected, with one including variables related to preparatory processes in emotion regulation and the other including variables related to regulation processes. Additionally, ‘Identifying and Labeling’ was ranked among the most central nodes. Furthermore, our results suggest similar pathways connecting emotion regulation skills in MDD and controls.
Conclusions
The results highlight the existence of different processes in emotion regulation and provide further evidence for emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic concept.
{"title":"Specificity of Emotion Regulation Processes in Depression: A Network Analysis","authors":"Jente Depoorter, Rudi De Raedt, Matthias Berking, Kristof Hoorelbeke","doi":"10.1007/s10608-024-10530-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-024-10530-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p><i>Maladaptive</i> emotion regulation has received a lot of attention as a potential mechanism underlying major depressive disorder (MDD). However, less is known about the role of <i>adaptive</i> emotion regulation skills and its specificity for MDD. The Adaptive Coping with Emotions model provides a framework for this, distinguishing early (Awareness, Sensations, Clarity, Understanding) and later processes (Modification, Acceptance, Tolerance, Readiness to confront and Effective Self-Support) relevant for emotion regulation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The current study (<i>N</i> = 291) applied Network Analysis with Fused Graphical Lasso to jointly estimate emotion regulation networks in MDD (<i>N</i> = 160) and a control sample (<i>N</i> = 131). Within the two obtained network models, we investigated how different aspects of emotion regulation cluster together. In addition, level of centrality and unique associations between constructs were modeled. Permutation tests were applied to identify significant differences between both networks.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Two communities were detected, with one including variables related to preparatory processes in emotion regulation and the other including variables related to regulation processes. Additionally, ‘Identifying and Labeling’ was ranked among the most central nodes. Furthermore, our results suggest similar pathways connecting emotion regulation skills in MDD and controls.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The results highlight the existence of different processes in emotion regulation and provide further evidence for emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic concept.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To gain an in-depth understanding of interventions, tools, and resources available focused on maintaining recovery and preventing relapse for patients with anxiety and/or depression symptoms following guided self-help (GSH).
Methods
The literature search was conducted on four electronic databases from inception until May 2024 (PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, PubMed and Web of Science). Additional searches were also conducted through other sources, including Grey Literature Databases, Google Search Engine, Citations and contacting experts in the field. All identified articles were screened for eligibility by two independent reviewers and quality appraised.
Results
A total of 1277 records across databases and other sources were identified. After removing duplicates, 511 were screened for eligibility. A total of six references met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Three peer-reviewed publications were identified, and all reported an intervention targeting relapse prevention following GSH which included monthly telephone follow-up calls. The other three sources included two workbooks and a mobile application developed and completed towards the final GSH sessions and used following treatment. All of the articles highlight the importance of independently learning and practicing skills and strategies to ease an individuals’ symptoms following discharge from GSH.
Conclusions
The current review found limited evidence surrounding recovery and relapse prevention interventions following GSH. Developing this field of research by further creating and testing relapse prevention interventions can provide an understanding of the core components needed in such tools, to successfully maintain treatment gains over time and support individuals to continue their recovery journey.
目的深入了解对焦虑和/或抑郁症状患者进行引导式自助（GSH）后保持康复和防止复发的干预措施、工具和可用资源。方法在四个电子数据库（PsycINFO、CINAHL Plus、PubMed 和 Web of Science）中进行文献检索，检索时间从开始到 2024 年 5 月。此外，还通过其他来源进行了搜索，包括灰色文献数据库、谷歌搜索引擎、引用文献以及联系该领域的专家。所有确定的文章均由两名独立审稿人进行资格筛选和质量评估。去除重复内容后，筛选出 511 条符合条件。共有 6 篇参考文献符合纳入标准并被纳入综述。其中有三篇经同行评议的出版物，均报道了一种以预防GSH后复发为目标的干预措施，包括每月电话随访。其他三份参考文献包括两本工作手册和一个移动应用程序，它们都是在最后的 GSH 治疗过程中开发和完成的，并在治疗后使用。所有这些文章都强调了独立学习和练习技能和策略的重要性，以缓解个人从 GSH 出院后的症状。通过进一步创建和测试复发预防干预措施来发展这一研究领域，可以让人们了解此类工具所需的核心组成部分，从而成功地长期保持治疗成果，支持患者继续他们的康复之旅。
{"title":"Relapse prevention following guided self-help for common health problems: A Scoping Review","authors":"Saher Nawaz, Penny Bee, Hannah Devaney, Cintia Faija","doi":"10.1007/s10608-024-10520-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-024-10520-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>To gain an in-depth understanding of interventions, tools, and resources available focused on maintaining recovery and preventing relapse for patients with anxiety and/or depression symptoms following guided self-help (GSH).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The literature search was conducted on four electronic databases from inception until May 2024 (PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, PubMed and Web of Science). Additional searches were also conducted through other sources, including Grey Literature Databases, Google Search Engine, Citations and contacting experts in the field. All identified articles were screened for eligibility by two independent reviewers and quality appraised.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>A total of 1277 records across databases and other sources were identified. After removing duplicates, 511 were screened for eligibility. A total of six references met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Three peer-reviewed publications were identified, and all reported an intervention targeting relapse prevention following GSH which included monthly telephone follow-up calls. The other three sources included two workbooks and a mobile application developed and completed towards the final GSH sessions and used following treatment. All of the articles highlight the importance of independently learning and practicing skills and strategies to ease an individuals’ symptoms following discharge from GSH.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The current review found limited evidence surrounding recovery and relapse prevention interventions following GSH. Developing this field of research by further creating and testing relapse prevention interventions can provide an understanding of the core components needed in such tools, to successfully maintain treatment gains over time and support individuals to continue their recovery journey.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1007/s10608-024-10529-2
Mohammadreza Davoudi, Rasha Mohammad Abdelrahman, Abdulnaser Fakhrou, Abbas Pourshahbaz
Background
This study employed network analysis to predict treatment responses, focusing on obsessive beliefs and symptoms within the contamination/cleaning and danger/checking subtypes of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD).
Methods
The study analyzed pre-test and post-test data from a 12-week open-label phase involving 140 patients who underwent a 12-week regimen of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), followed by evaluations. Participants were categorized based on their response to therapy and OCD subtypes. Network analysis was used to assess the interconnections among obsessive beliefs, symptoms, and treatment responses before and after the intervention within the identified OCD subtypes. Additionally, the study explored the network structure among patients with treatment-responsive OCD and those with treatment-resistant OCD within each subtype.
Results
In both subtypes, the pre-test network structure of treatment-resistant OCD exhibited stronger interconnections compared to treatment-responsive OCD. Additionally, a significant difference in global strength (P < 0.05) was observed between treatment-resistant OCD and treatment responders. In the initial assessment, which included both responders and non-responders, global strength and symptom connectivity were higher in the Checking subtype compared to the Contamination/Cleaning subtype (P < 0.05). Notably, the central symptoms in contamination/cleaning treatment-resistant OCD were obsessive beliefs related to "Disgust,” "Sexual," and "Punishment." In contrast, in the check/danger treatment-resistant OCD, the most central symptoms were "Sinful,” "Accident," and "Unsafe" obsessive beliefs, along with "Throwaway" obsessive symptoms.
Conclusions
Obsessive symptoms and beliefs can serve as predictors of treatment responses across different OCD subtypes.
{"title":"Network Analysis of Cognitive-Behavioral Symptom Connectivity in OCD Subtypes: Evaluating SSRI Treatment Response and Resistance","authors":"Mohammadreza Davoudi, Rasha Mohammad Abdelrahman, Abdulnaser Fakhrou, Abbas Pourshahbaz","doi":"10.1007/s10608-024-10529-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-024-10529-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>This study employed network analysis to predict treatment responses, focusing on obsessive beliefs and symptoms within the contamination/cleaning and danger/checking subtypes of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The study analyzed pre-test and post-test data from a 12-week open-label phase involving 140 patients who underwent a 12-week regimen of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), followed by evaluations. Participants were categorized based on their response to therapy and OCD subtypes. Network analysis was used to assess the interconnections among obsessive beliefs, symptoms, and treatment responses before and after the intervention within the identified OCD subtypes. Additionally, the study explored the network structure among patients with treatment-responsive OCD and those with treatment-resistant OCD within each subtype.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>In both subtypes, the pre-test network structure of treatment-resistant OCD exhibited stronger interconnections compared to treatment-responsive OCD. Additionally, a significant difference in global strength (<i>P</i> < 0.05) was observed between treatment-resistant OCD and treatment responders. In the initial assessment, which included both responders and non-responders, global strength and symptom connectivity were higher in the Checking subtype compared to the Contamination/Cleaning subtype (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Notably, the central symptoms in contamination/cleaning treatment-resistant OCD were obsessive beliefs related to \"Disgust,” \"Sexual,\" and \"Punishment.\" In contrast, in the check/danger treatment-resistant OCD, the most central symptoms were \"Sinful,” \"Accident,\" and \"Unsafe\" obsessive beliefs, along with \"Throwaway\" obsessive symptoms.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Obsessive symptoms and beliefs can serve as predictors of treatment responses across different OCD subtypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1007/s10608-024-10519-4
Natalia Van Doren, Nur Hani Zainal, Ryan Y. Hong, Michelle G. Newman
Background
Constructs of common mental disorder (CMD) symptoms, including anxiety, depression, obsessions, compulsions, and worry, are observed in a wide range of psychiatric conditions. Reliable and valid measurements of these CMD symptoms are essential for building a generalizable science of psychopathology and ensuring valid comparisons of scores across distinct groups. Accordingly, the current study determined the psychometric properties of four widely used CMD symptom measures in the United States (U.S.) and Singapore.
Method
Participants comprised college students (U.S.: n = 292; SG: n = 144) who completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), and Penn State Worry Questionnaire-Abbreviated (PSWQ-A).
Results
Strict measurement invariance (equal factor loadings, item thresholds, residual variances) was observed for all measures across cultures. Singapore had higher latent mean scores of worry than the U.S. sample.
Conclusions
Overall, findings suggest a strong degree of cross-cultural construct compatibility. Given this finding, higher latent factor means for worry, perfectionism, and uncertainty scores likely reflect true group differences, suggesting that these symptom measures can be used to aid further study and assessment of cross-cultural differences in symptom prevalence and presentation in CMDs.
{"title":"Examining Cross-Cultural Invariance of Common Mental Disorder Symptom Measures in the United States and Singapore","authors":"Natalia Van Doren, Nur Hani Zainal, Ryan Y. Hong, Michelle G. Newman","doi":"10.1007/s10608-024-10519-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-024-10519-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Constructs of common mental disorder (CMD) symptoms, including anxiety, depression, obsessions, compulsions, and worry, are observed in a wide range of psychiatric conditions. Reliable and valid measurements of these CMD symptoms are essential for building a generalizable science of psychopathology and ensuring valid comparisons of scores across distinct groups. Accordingly, the current study determined the psychometric properties of four widely used CMD symptom measures in the United States (U.S.) and Singapore.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Method</h3><p>Participants comprised college students (U.S.: <i>n</i> = 292; SG: <i>n</i> = 144) who completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), and Penn State Worry Questionnaire-Abbreviated (PSWQ-A).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Strict measurement invariance (equal factor loadings, item thresholds, residual variances) was observed for all measures across cultures. Singapore had higher latent mean scores of worry than the U.S. sample.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Overall, findings suggest a strong degree of cross-cultural construct compatibility. Given this finding, higher latent factor means for worry, perfectionism, and uncertainty scores likely reflect true group differences, suggesting that these symptom measures can be used to aid further study and assessment of cross-cultural differences in symptom prevalence and presentation in CMDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1007/s10608-024-10525-6
Marcel Riehle, Saskia Brauer, Tania M. Lincoln, Luise Pruessner
Purpose
Emotion regulation is a complex process that often involves the presence of others, also known as interpersonal emotion regulation (IER). However, little is known about how psychotic symptoms relate to IER. We investigated whether young adults with elevated psychosis proneness engage in IER less frequently and find it less helpful than those with low psychosis proneness.
Methods
Psychosis-prone young adults with attenuated negative (PP-NES, n = 37) and positive symptoms (PP-POS, n = 20) and a low psychosis-prone control group (CG, n = 52) were recruited based on a priori defined cut-offs for the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences. Participants provided daily diaries over one week, reporting negative symptoms, paranoia, positive and negative affect, and the frequency and efficacy of IER strategies to upregulate positive and downregulate negative emotions.
Results
Multilevel models showed that PP-NES reported using IER less frequently and found it less effective compared to CG. PP-POS reported turning to others for advice in distressing situations more than the CG. These group differences were related to aberrant affect levels in PP-NES. Across groups, participants used IER less on days on which they reported more negative symptoms and used it more on days on which they reported more paranoia.
Conclusions
These findings suggest symptom-specific aberrations in everyday IER in psychosis-prone young adults. Moreover, from day to day, young adults (psychosis-prone or not) appear to adjust their use of IER depending on current social motivation and distress levels. Future research should investigate whether these aberrations are dysfunctional regarding social inclusion and symptom trajectories.
{"title":"Interpersonal Emotion Regulation in Young Adults With Low and High Psychosis Proneness: A Diary Study","authors":"Marcel Riehle, Saskia Brauer, Tania M. Lincoln, Luise Pruessner","doi":"10.1007/s10608-024-10525-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-024-10525-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Emotion regulation is a complex process that often involves the presence of others, also known as <i>interpersonal emotion regulation</i> (IER). However, little is known about how psychotic symptoms relate to IER. We investigated whether young adults with elevated psychosis proneness engage in IER less frequently and find it less helpful than those with low psychosis proneness.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Psychosis-prone young adults with attenuated negative (PP-NES, <i>n</i> = 37) and positive symptoms (PP-POS, <i>n</i> = 20) and a low psychosis-prone control group (CG, <i>n</i> = 52) were recruited based on a priori defined cut-offs for the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences. Participants provided daily diaries over one week, reporting negative symptoms, paranoia, positive and negative affect, and the frequency and efficacy of IER strategies to upregulate positive and downregulate negative emotions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Multilevel models showed that PP-NES reported using IER less frequently and found it less effective compared to CG. PP-POS reported turning to others for advice in distressing situations more than the CG. These group differences were related to aberrant affect levels in PP-NES. Across groups, participants used IER less on days on which they reported more negative symptoms and used it more on days on which they reported more paranoia.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>These findings suggest symptom-specific aberrations in everyday IER in psychosis-prone young adults. Moreover, from day to day, young adults (psychosis-prone or not) appear to adjust their use of IER depending on current social motivation and distress levels. Future research should investigate whether these aberrations are dysfunctional regarding social inclusion and symptom trajectories.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-19DOI: 10.1007/s10608-024-10523-8
IreLee Ferguson, Grace George, Christina Wu, Irene Xu, Eliza Passel, Laura T. Germine, Courtney Beard
Background
The tendency to negatively interpret ambiguous situations (i.e., interpretation bias) is associated with the development and maintenance of emotional disorders. Reliable measures of this transdiagnostic construct are critical for mechanistic studies and for evaluating treatment effects. However, few studies have validated common measures of interpretation bias across different ethnoracial groups. The Word-Sentence Association Paradigm (WSAP) is a commonly used measure of interpretation biases that has previously shown good reliability (Gonsalves, Whittles, Weisberg, Beard, & 2019). This study evaluated two versions of the WSAP in two different samples across four ethnoracial groups (Asian/Pacific Islander, Black/African, Hispanic, non-Hispanic White) in the United States.
Methods
The first sample included adults (N = 762) with ages ranging from 18 to 94 years old (M = 40.92 years, SD = 17.57). The second sample included adults (N = 1218) ages ranging from 18 to 90 years (M = 39.81, SD = 17.37).
Results
Both versions of the WSAP demonstrated acceptable split-half reliability across ethnoracial groups. There were not any group differences in WSAP scores across ethnoracial groups for either version of the WSAP.
Conclusions
Results provide preliminary support for the WSAP as a reliable measure of interpretation bias across ethnoracial groups. Future work with larger samples is needed to replicate these findings, as well as to examine validity of the WSAP across ethnoracial groups.
{"title":"Evaluating the Reliability of the Word-Sentence Association Paradigm (WSAP) as an Interpretation bias Assessment across Ethnoracial Groups","authors":"IreLee Ferguson, Grace George, Christina Wu, Irene Xu, Eliza Passel, Laura T. Germine, Courtney Beard","doi":"10.1007/s10608-024-10523-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-024-10523-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>The tendency to negatively interpret ambiguous situations (i.e., interpretation bias) is associated with the development and maintenance of emotional disorders. Reliable measures of this transdiagnostic construct are critical for mechanistic studies and for evaluating treatment effects. However, few studies have validated common measures of interpretation bias across different ethnoracial groups. The Word-Sentence Association Paradigm (WSAP) is a commonly used measure of interpretation biases that has previously shown good reliability (Gonsalves, Whittles, Weisberg, Beard, & 2019). This study evaluated two versions of the WSAP in two different samples across four ethnoracial groups (Asian/Pacific Islander, Black/African, Hispanic, non-Hispanic White) in the United States.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The first sample included adults (<i>N</i> = 762) with ages ranging from 18 to 94 years old (<i>M</i> = 40.92 years, <i>SD</i> = 17.57). The second sample included adults (<i>N</i> = 1218) ages ranging from 18 to 90 years (<i>M</i> = 39.81, <i>SD</i> = 17.37).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Both versions of the WSAP demonstrated acceptable split-half reliability across ethnoracial groups. There were not any group differences in WSAP scores across ethnoracial groups for either version of the WSAP.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Results provide preliminary support for the WSAP as a reliable measure of interpretation bias across ethnoracial groups. Future work with larger samples is needed to replicate these findings, as well as to examine validity of the WSAP across ethnoracial groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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