Postglacial vegetation migration facilitated by outposts on proglacial lake islands in eastern North America

IF 2.9 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Quaternary Science Advances Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.qsa.2024.100164
Marianne F.S. Vogel , Adam A. Ali , Sébastien Joannin , Yves Bergeron , Hugo Asselin
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Abstract

Postglacial vegetation colonization that followed ice retreat and proglacial lakes drainage in north-eastern America occurred rapidly, more rapidly than expected based on the modern dispersal capacities of boreal mixedwood trees. Paleo-islands from proglacial Lake Ojibway in Québec (Canada) were afforested early, before the final drainage of the lake. We hypothesized that these paleo-islands could have acted as outposts of migration and thus, could explain the rapid afforestation of lowlands observed. To determine if postglacial colonization occurred as a south-north front from the southern margin of Lake Ojibway or if islands acted as migration outposts, we estimated the date of first arrival of the main taxa of the current boreal mixedwood forest. We studied southern sites never covered by proglacial Lake Ojibway, sites that were islands within Lake Ojibway, and northern lowland sites that were liberated after the final drainage of proglacial Lake Ojibway. Taxa arrival was estimated as a sharp rise of the pollen percentage or as the occurrence of macro-remains within the sediments of small lakes dated with radiocarbon. Then we compared migration scenarios where colonization occurred gradually from south to north from the southern margin of proglacial Lake Ojibway and where paleo-islands of Lake Ojibway were first colonized through long-distance dispersal, thus becoming sources of seeds readily available to colonize lowland sites after the final drainage of Lake Ojibway. Finally, we compared the migration rates from the scenarios with the current mean dispersal capacities of the studied taxa. The migration rates estimated without taking the paleo-islands into account are too slow to explain the rapid afforestation observed following the final drainage of proglacial Lake Ojibway. Only the migration rates estimated from the scenarios with paleo-islands were comparable to the current mean dispersal capacity of the boreal mixedwood taxa. Thus, paleo-islands acted as stepping stones during postglacial migration, which explains why the lowlands were rapidly colonized. Larger paleo-islands and those located closer to the southern margin of the proglacial Lake were colonized first, in line with the theory of island biogeography.

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北美东部冰川湖岛屿上的前哨站促进了冰川期后的植被迁移
冰川退缩和冰期湖泊排水之后,冰川后植被在美洲东北部迅速形成,其速度超过了根据北方杂木现代扩散能力所预期的速度。加拿大魁北克省奥吉布韦冰川湖的古陆在冰川湖最终排水之前就已植树造林。我们假设这些古陆可能是迁徙的前哨,因此可以解释所观察到的低地快速植树造林现象。为了确定冰川期后的殖民是否是从奥吉布韦湖南缘由南向北的前沿发生的,还是岛屿充当了迁徙的前哨,我们估算了当前北方混交林主要类群的首次到达日期。我们研究了从未被奥吉布韦湖冰川覆盖的南部地点、奥吉布韦湖中的岛屿地点以及在奥吉布韦湖冰川最终排水后被解放的北部低地地点。根据花粉比例的急剧上升或小湖泊沉积物中出现的放射性碳测定的大残留物,可以推算出到达的分类群。然后,我们比较了两种迁移情况:一种是从奥吉布韦湖冰期南缘由南向北逐渐殖民的迁移情况;另一种情况是奥吉布韦湖的古陆地首先通过远距离传播殖民的迁移情况,从而在奥吉布韦湖最终排水后成为随时可用于殖民低地的种子来源。最后,我们将假设情景中的迁移率与所研究类群目前的平均扩散能力进行了比较。在不考虑古陆的情况下估算出的迁移率过于缓慢,无法解释在奥吉布韦冰川湖最终排水后观察到的快速植树造林。只有在有古陆的情况下估算出的迁移率才与北方混交林类群目前的平均扩散能力相当。因此,古陆在冰期后的迁徙过程中起到了垫脚石的作用,这也解释了为什么低地会被迅速殖民化。与岛屿生物地理学理论相一致的是,较大的古陆和更靠近冰期湖南缘的古陆首先被殖民化。
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来源期刊
Quaternary Science Advances
Quaternary Science Advances Earth and Planetary Sciences-Earth-Surface Processes
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
13.30%
发文量
16
审稿时长
61 days
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