Assessing the Greenness and Environmental Friendliness of Analytical Methods: Modern Approaches and Recent Computational Programs.

Abstract

Environmental measures have drawn more attention recently as a means of identifying cost-effective, safe, and green approaches in analytical methods. As a result, white and green analytical chemistry was developed. Greenness, whiteness, and chemical risks are all measured under the general expression "environmental measurements." For the first time, the greenness, whiteness, and chemical risk-measuring programs are presented along with their histories, concepts, advantages, and disadvantages. The six scales that were published between 2020 and 2023, including the Analytical Greenness Calculator (AGREE), the Analytical Greenness Metric for Sample Preparation (AGREEprep), the Complementary Green Analytical Procedure Index (ComplexGAPI), Red-Green-Blue (RGB12), blue applicability grade index (BAGI), and the Chloroform-oriented Toxicity Estimation (ChlorTox) scales are discussed. Also, the applications of several analytical methods have been compared. Lastly, patterns for the future were suggested. We hope this review is helpful for analysts to stay up-to-date with recent greenness, whiteness, and chemical risk scales. Additionally, the most appropriate procedure has been chosen, applied, and compared easily.