Critical reviews in analytical chemistry最新文献

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a critical worldwide health concern, emphasizing the need for accurate, portable, and user-friendly diagnostic instruments. This study examines recent developments in miniaturized devices and point-of-care (POC) technologies for detecting kidney-related biomarkers. It discusses advancements in electrochemical, optical, and microfluidic sensors, as well as their applications in monitoring kidney function. The assessment evaluates the effectiveness of these devices, their accuracy and reliability, and the challenges they present. It also examines new trends and prospects, illustrating how these technologies can enhance the early detection and management of CKD. This review aims to guide and inform the future developments of miniaturized devices for kidney health by linking research to real-world healthcare demands, thereby making care more accessible and personalized.

Advances in high sensitivity, resolution, and rapidity have accelerated the application of laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI MS) to biomedical analysis. This review outlines the recent matrix materials of LDI MS and a comprehensive overview of application in biomedical analysis fields. The review also emphasizes the synthesis methods, analytical mechanisms, and diverse applications of various matrix materials, including organic molecules, carbon-based materials, silicon-based materials, metal particles and oxides, as well as organic frameworks. In the review we summarize the value of LDI MS information in modern biomedical applications such as small molecules detection, biological macromolecules analysis and microbial identification. Finally, it discusses the current challenges in LDI MS-based biomedical analysis and proposes perspectives for further research in this field. It is anticipated that LDI MS will assume a more pivotal role in biomedicine and make substantial contributions to human health.

Natural deep eutectic solvent (NaDES) has emerged in green chemistry as an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative to conventional organic solvents. Leveraging the desirable properties of NaDES, recent efforts have been devoted to developing their use in sensors and sensor performance enhancement. This review focuses on recent advancements in NaDES-based sensor technology and its applications in pharmaceutical sensing. The preparation methods and chemical interactions within NaDES are introduced. The synthesis of nanomaterials for sensors in NaDES is also addressed in detail, highlighting their role in material design and sensor performance. Besides, future directions with NaDES-integrated sensors for pharmaceutical sensing are discussed. Overall, this review provides insights into NaDES-integrated electrochemical sensors for sustainable pharmaceutical detection.

In recent years, the combination of food flavor and artificial intelligence has become increasingly frequent. The combination of food flavor and artificial intelligence has more advantages compared to traditional analytical methods. It can not only predict food flavor, but also improve food production efficiency. It has been widely utilized in various aspects of the food industry. This review introduces the concepts of artificial intelligence and flavor, and comprehensively discusses several methods of combining artificial intelligence and food flavor in flavor analysis. In addition, the application of machine learning and deep learning in food flavor was introduced in detail, and finally, the progress and challenges brought by the combination of flavor analysis technology and artificial intelligence technology were summarized.

Zolpidem (ZLP), a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic of the imidazopyridine class, is widely prescribed for the short-term management of insomnia owing to its rapid onset of action and minimal residual effects. However, its extensive metabolism, low plasma concentration, and instability in pharmaceutical formulations, biological matrices, and environmental samples create significant analytical challenges. This review provides a comprehensive overview of analytical strategies for the accurate, sensitive, and selective quantification of ZLP and its metabolites across various matrices. Articles were retrieved from major scientific databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Chromatographic methods such as HPLC, liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-MS/MS demonstrate high sensitivity, precision, and selectivity, while spectrophotometric and electrochemical approaches provide faster, simpler, and more economical alternatives suitable for quality control and routine screening. While LC-MS/MS and UHPLC-MS/MS offer superior sensitivity and selectivity for trace-level analysis, their high cost and operational complexity limit routine use, whereas HPLC-UV, spectroscopic, and electrochemical methods remain valuable for quality control and screening despite lower sensitivity. The incorporation of nanomaterials, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), and biosensor-based systems has markedly enhanced analytical sensitivity and selectivity and enabled miniaturization. Additionally, adopting green analytical chemistry (GAC) principles, eco-friendly solvents, and microextraction techniques has improved method sustainability and environmental compatibility. Looking ahead, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technologies is expected to enhance ZLP determination by enabling automation, real-time monitoring, and predictive analysis. These innovative, eco-conscious approaches will yield robust, intelligent, and sustainable platforms for ZLP detection in pharmaceutical, biological, and environmental samples.

Lateral flow assays (LFAs), as miniaturized paper-based sensing platforms, have introduced simple, effective, and point-of-care testing (POCT) devices for detecting various targets, including contaminants, pathogens, antibiotic residues, and pesticide residues, in complex food matrices. The principle of operation in these assays relies on a signal reporting label, which plays a crucial role in improving the sensitivity of the detection approach. However, conventional LFA signal labels often exhibit insufficient sensitivity when detecting biomarkers at low concentrations. The integration of aggregation-induced luminescence (AIE) materials into the structure of LFAs has enabled sensitive and selective analytical methods for a variety of assay applications. The increase in luminescence intensity in aggregated states is accompanied by a high signal-to-noise ratio and excellent photostability. Additionally, their high quantum yields (QYs) and strong fluorescence make them well-suited for various optical sensors based on LFAs, including both colorimetric and fluorescence-based LFAs. This review explores the potential of AIE materials in LFAs for food safety analysis. It also provides a detailed discussion of the operational principles of both AIE materials and LFAs. Furthermore, the design of these platforms and their recent advancements in food safety applications are thoroughly reviewed.

Aptamers are in vitro or in vivo generated bio-candidates from a synthetic library using amplification and separation procedures and have delicate options to label at the ends of properly folded secondary or tertiary structures. Aptamers are used as source molecules for sensor development since they can easily conjugate with nanomaterials and report the interactive output. Various sensing systems with enhanced sensitivity have been built in the past using aptamer conjugations. Despite the fact that the techniques for aptamer immobilization vary with functionalization chemistries, the essential strategy is reporting the presence of a specific target for sensing purposes, called an 'aptasensor'. Various attempts to analyze aptamer-ligand interaction advance the gallery of aptamer-based sensors. Aptamer administration is generally being investigated as the recognition element in high-performance analysis, and has been promoted as the exemplary molecule to mimic and replace antibody-based sensing. Using existing technologies, aptasensors are proven for more sensitive clinical and serological biomarkers sensing and high-throughput analysis.

The visualization of latent fingerprints (LFPs) is undergoing a paradigm shift, driven by the unique photophysical properties of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials. Moving beyond the limitations of conventional methods, AIE luminogens (AIEgens) introduce a transformative approach. This review elucidates the working principles of AIEgens, primarily through the restriction of intramolecular motion (RIM) mechanism, and systematically charts their advancements in LFP visualization. The application of AIEgens is comprehensively discussed from multiple perspectives: the interaction mechanisms at the fingerprint residue interface (e.g., hydrophobic, electrostatic, and physical adsorption), the resulting luminescence modes (fluorescence and phosphorescence), the practical visualization methodologies (sole application or combination with traditional techniques), and the corresponding evaluation criteria (qualitative and quantitative). While significant progress has been made, we also address existing challenges, particularly the limited color contrast on complex backgrounds and the absence of unified quantitative standards. Next steps should prioritize three critical areas: establishing standardized assessment protocols, optimizing material and imaging performance, and pursuing breakthroughs in multiplexed evidence analysis. This work not only summarizes a pivotal shift in forensic visualization but also provides essential design principles and technical references for in-situ LFP detection, trace analysis, and the recovery of nondestructive biological evidence.

Recently, residual pollutants in the environment have posed a serious threat to ecosystems. Therefore, it is crucial to establish effective environmental pollutant detection strategies. Nanozymes are widely favored in the field of sensing due to their enzyme-like activity, adjustable activity and high stability. Meanwhile, the design of sensors is increasingly emphasizing features such as ease operation and high-throughput recognition. Compared with traditional sensors, sensor arrays have become a research hotspot in sensor due to their advantages. At present, colorimetric sensor arrays constructed based on nanozymes have been widely studied. They overcome the limitations of traditional sensors and are gradually being applied to the precise detection of various environmental pollutants. In this work, we briefly discuss the characteristics of nanozymes, systematically reviews the principles and methods of sensor arrays based on nanozyme, and focuses on analyzing the practical application of sensor arrays. Finally, we put forward the current challenges and future development trends to promote the in-depth development of sensors. The array sensing method based on nanozymes construction has demonstrated significant application value and development potential in the field of environmental monitoring.