Critical reviews in analytical chemistry最新文献

Manganese is an essential metal ion involved in various biological and environmental processes, but its excess can lead to toxicity, particularly affecting the nervous system. Therefore, developing selective and sensitive detection methods for Mn²⁺ ions is of paramount importance. Colorimetric and fluorimetric chemosensors have emerged as promising tools for the detection of Mn²⁺ due to their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and real-time monitoring capabilities. This review discusses recent advances in the colorimetric and fluorimetric chemosensors that exhibit distinct color or fluorescence changes upon interaction with Mn²⁺ ions. The review explores different organic and nanomaterials, focusing on their mechanisms of sensing, sensitivity, selectivity, and practical applications in environmental monitoring, healthcare, and food safety. The article also provides insights into future research directions aimed at overcoming these challenges, improving chemosensor performance, and expanding the applicability of colorimetric and fluorimetric chemosensors for Mn²⁺ detection in diverse real-world scenarios.

Microbiomes significantly impact food flavor, food quality and human health. The development of omics technologies has revolutionized our understanding of the microbiome, the generated complex datasets, as well as their processing and interpretation need to be taken seriously. Currently, chemometrics has shown huge potential in omics data analysis, which is crucial to reveal the functional attributes and mechanisms of microbiomes in food nutrition and safety. However, various chemometric tools have their own characteristics, selecting appropriate technologies and performing multiomics data fusion analysis to improve the precision and reliability of food microbial investigations is still a huge challenge. In this review, we summarized the omics technologies used in food microbiome studies, overviewed the principle and applicability of chemometrics in omics, and discussed the challenges and prospects of chemometrics. The urgent need for chemometrics is to integrate deep learning (DL) and artificial intelligence algorithms to enhance its analytical capabilities and prediction accuracy. We hope this review will provide valuable insights of the integration of multiomics and bioinformatics combined with various chemometric techniques in data analysis for food microbial investigation. In the future, chemometrics combined with modern technologies for multiomics data analysis will further deepen our understanding of food microbiology and improve food safety.

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technology has demonstrated immense potential in cancer research. This paper explores the diverse applications and significance of ICP-MS in this field. ICP-MS plays a pivotal role in tumor marker detection by enabling the identification of cancer-related biomolecules through elemental labeling, such as metallic labeling of antibodies or nucleic acids, and by detecting cancer cell surface markers. Additionally, it facilitates the discovery of potential biomarkers by analyzing elemental changes and their metabolites in biological fluids and tissue samples. Single-cell ICP-MS techniques provide insights into cell-to-cell heterogeneity, offering cell-level information for cancer studies. In the realm of metallic anticancer drug research, ICP-MS is employed to investigate drug uptake and distribution. This includes analyzing metallodrug uptake in cells, and distribution in tissues and organs at the single-cell level, and elucidating anticancer mechanisms by monitoring the distribution and metabolism of these metallodrugs. The application of ICP-MS in cancer research offers robust technical support for early diagnosis, treatment evaluation, and drug discovery, promising broad prospects in this domain.

Due to their natural biocompatibility, cost-effectiveness, and strong interfacial adhesion, biopolymers have highly favorable properties for electrochemical biosensors. Due to this endogenous catecholamine's versatile chemistry, dopamine's oxidation and self-polymerization have recently attracted considerable interest. Polydopamine (PDA)'s application to surface deposition, molecular imprinting, and electrochemistry is especially noteworthy. This review aims to propose the role of PDA in quantitative applications, evaluate the analytical performance, cost, reproducibility, and versatility of the methods developed, and evaluate standard (bio)analytical platforms. First, the parameters and methods that influence the polymerization of dopamine are discussed. Then, different functionalities of PDA and its recent applications for different biosensing purposes are reviewed to build bioanalytical platforms. The discussion concludes with emerging applications of PDA-integrated biosensor platforms. Finally, future perspectives for improved use of PDA in bioanalytical applications are discussed.

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in aquatic ecosystems poses significant threats to environmental and public health due to its high toxicity and persistence. Even at trace levels, Cd can cause severe health issues, including kidney damage, bone disorders, and an increased risk of cancer, making its detection and monitoring critical. This review focuses on spectrometry techniques for detecting and quantifying Cd in water, evaluating its sensitivity, specificity, and adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. It highlights advancements in modern technologies that enhance the precision, speed, and reliability of these methods while addressing limitations such as high costs and operational complexity. The review also emphasizes the importance of integrating innovative approaches to improve portability and accessibility for real-time monitoring in resource-limited settings. By providing insights into current challenges and potential solutions, this study aims to guide the development of more efficient detection systems that support effective environmental management and safeguard public health from the harmful effects of cadmium contamination.

Molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensors (MIECSs) are a specialized class of sensors based on molecularly imprinted derivative materials (MIDPs), which have been extensively applied in environmental monitoring, biomedicine, and food safety, allowing for high selectivity and sensitivity in detecting target molecules. This review provides an in-depth exploration of the most innovative and successful nanomaterials employed for modifying imprinted polymers, highlighting their crucial role in enhancing sensor performance, including carbon-based nanomaterials, meal derivatives, magnetic nanomaterials, polymeric and composite nanomaterials. In addition to reviewing advances in derivative materials design, this article delves into the current challenges facing molecularly imprinted sensors, such as issues related to template removal, nonspecific binding, and fabrication reproducibility. These challenges limit the practical application of MIECSs, particularly in complex real-world environments. The review also discusses representative applications of these sensors, including environmental monitoring, biomedicine and food safety, which demonstrate their versatility and potential. Finally, the review outlines future research directions aimed at overcoming these challenges. This includes strategies for improving the stability and reusability of MIECSs, enhancing their selectivity and sensitivity, and developing novel imprinting techniques. By addressing these issues, researchers can pave the way for the next generation of electrochemical sensors, which will be more robust, reliable, and suitable for a wide range of industrial and clinical applications.

Microplastic particles have been found in a variety of food commodities, and fisheries and aquaculture products seem to be one of the main contributors to the dietary exposure of microplastics, which are complex mixes of chemicals, containing polymers, plastics additivities, and environmental contaminants. The implications for food safety are not well understood. The lack of simple and efficient analytical techniques for the determination of microplastics as well as their additives in food are some of the challenges. To improve the understanding of the methods available for the determination of plastic additives, a systematic literature review was conducted focusing on methods to determine those plastic additives known for their possible endocrine disruption and/or carcinogenic activity, such as bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), 4- nonylphenol (NP-4), nonylphenol (NP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) in fisheries and aquaculture products. The review aimed to identify the most common extraction and determination methods used for these analytes and assess their efficiency. The findings of this review shed light on the current state of analytical methodologies in this field and provide insights that could inform and guide further research.

Recent years have seen a growing focus on the sensing of heavy metal cations in environmental samples, as we seek to promote a more sustainable environment. Mercury ion (Hg²⁺) is a heavy metal cation that has received significant attention in recent years due to its toxic nature to the ecology system. Exploring an efficient testing device to trace the content of Hg²⁺ is of great importance. Dansyl chloride (DNS-Cl)-based sensors, with their unique recognition unit, have emerged as highly effective optical chemosensors for the sensing of Hg²⁺. These probes produce a fluorescent change in the either visible or ultraviolet range, as well as in an electronic and fluorometric spectrum, serving as a detection signal. These sensors are inexpensive, robust, eco-friendly, sensitive, and selective to Hg²⁺, making them a focus of attention for analytical and environmental laboratories. This review explores the applications of DNS-Cl derivatives in optical sensing for the detection of Hg²⁺, emphasizing the potential of sensors based on DNS-Cl in the sensing of Hg²⁺. The review assesses the advancements achieved in the field of fluorescent sensors utilizing DNS-Cl as a recognition unit. Notably, it underscores that the majority of these fluorophores have exhibited a high level of effectiveness in detection of Hg²⁺.

Most orphan diseases, which affect small patient populations, are chronic, incurable and often lead to early death. Due to small market size, orphan drugs developed to address these diseases receive little attention from the pharmaceutical industry. This lack of interest also applies to the development of analytical methods, which are crucial for drug analysis and quality control. Analysis of orphan drugs faces challenges, including a lack of reference standard and an inadequate number of samples for testing. In addition, constant adjustment of analytical techniques is demanded due to the lengthy development process. Financial constraints further hinder the advancement of analytical techniques since orphan drugs represents a narrow niche market and the pharmaceutical industry often focuses on research with greater impact, causing orphan drugs to be deprioritized. This review summarizes the analytical methods developed for US FDA-approved anti-infective orphan drugs (except antivirals) in the period between 2013 to 2023, covering in depth small molecules and broadly biologics in numerous dosage forms and biological samples. It covers the most common reported analytical methods, such as liquid chromatography, TLC, spectroscopy, and electrochemical analysis. This review highlights the crucial need for the continuous development of new analytical techniques to support the development and quality control of orphan drugs.

Cells are the fundamental units of life, comprising a highly concentrated and complex assembly of biomolecules that interact dynamic ally across spatial and temporal scales. Living cells are constantly undergoing dynamic processes, therefore, to understand the interactions between drug molecules and living cells is of paramount importance in the biomedical sciences and pharmaceutical development. Compared with traditional end-point assays and fixed cell analysis, analysis of drug molecules in living cells can provide more insight into the effects of drugs on cells in real-time and allowing for a better understanding of drug mechanisms and effects, which will contribute to the development of drug developing and testing and personalize medicine. However, the high demands of living cell analysis, including high costs, technical complexity, and throughput limitations, hinder the widespread application of this technology. In recent years, the rapid development of analytical methods such as Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence has made the in situ and real-time detection possible, allowing the analysis of single cell or cell populations at various conditions. In this review, we summarize the advanced analytical methods and technologies from last few years for drug detection in living cells.