The coastal dynamics of the Central Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna Delta Coast, Bangladesh: implications for coastal development and sustainability

IF 1.7 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Journal of Coastal Conservation Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI:10.1007/s11852-024-01032-7

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Abstract

The study analyzes satellite imagery, beach morphology, grain size, river discharge and bathymetry, and tidal water level along the central Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) delta coast and examines the processes of coastal development. Integrated remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques were used to monitor coastal dynamics in the GBM delta from 1978 to 2023. The analysis shows that the west and central coasts eroded about 0.03–2.40 km and lost 14.54 km² of land during the study period. In contrast, the east coast advanced 0.09–1.42 km and gained 2.80 km². Beach slopes varied with the west coast having slope between 1° and 2°, and consisting of bimodal, poorly sorted, very fine-grained sand. The central and eastern coastline have slopes between 1° and 4°, and 3° and 5°, respectively, with unimodal, well-sorted to moderately well-sorted fine-grained sand. Statistical analysis of tidal water levels shows an increasing trend (8–12 mm yr⁻¹), while river discharge decreased by 22.57–55.94% during the period November to May due to the upstream dams, and channels were silted. On the east coast, characterized by weak longshore currents, there is minimal transfer of sediment to the sea, and the coastline advanced. Conversely, the current gets stronger when it moves to the west, and the coastlines experience the erosion. The coastal development of the area was influenced by unequal sediment supply and accommodation created at the river mouth due to the sea level rise (SLR). In addition to the natural factors, anthropogenic activities have also influenced the coastal sustainability in the study area.

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孟加拉国恒河-布拉马普特拉河-梅格纳三角洲中部沿海动态：对沿海发展和可持续性的影响

摘要该研究分析了恒河-rahmaputra-Meghna（GBM）三角洲中部沿岸的卫星图像、海滩形态、粒度、河流排水量和水深以及潮汐水位，并考察了沿岸的发展过程。采用综合遥感和地理信息系统（GIS）技术监测了恒河-湄公河三角洲从 1978 年到 2023 年的海岸动态。分析表明，在研究期间，西海岸和中部海岸侵蚀了约 0.03-2.40 千米，损失了 14.54 平方千米的土地。相比之下，东海岸前进了 0.09-1.42 千米，增加了 2.80 平方千米。海滩坡度各不相同，西海岸的坡度在 1° 至 2° 之间，由双峰、分选较差的细粒沙组成。中部和东部海岸线的坡度分别在 1° 和 4° 之间，以及 3° 和 5° 之间，由单模、分选良好至中度良好分选的细粒沙组成。潮汐水位的统计分析显示，潮汐水位呈上升趋势（8-12 毫米/年-1），而由于上游水坝的影响，11 月至次年 5 月期间，河流排水量减少了 22.57-55.94%，河道淤塞。东海岸的特点是长岸流较弱，泥沙入海量极少，海岸线向前推进。相反，洋流向西移动时会变强，海岸线会受到侵蚀。海平面上升（SLR）在河口造成的泥沙供应和容纳不均影响了该地区的海岸发展。除自然因素外，人为活动也影响了研究区域海岸的可持续性。

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来源期刊

Journal of Coastal Conservation ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

4.80%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Journal of Coastal Conservation is a scientific journal for the dissemination of both theoretical and applied research on integrated and sustainable management of the terrestrial, coastal and marine environmental interface. A thorough understanding of both the physical and the human sciences is important to the study of the spatial patterns and processes observed in terrestrial, coastal and marine systems set in the context of past, present and future social and economic developments. This includes multidisciplinary and integrated knowledge and understanding of: physical geography, coastal geomorphology, sediment dynamics, hydrodynamics, soil science, hydrology, plant and animal ecology, vegetation science, biogeography, landscape ecology, recreation and tourism studies, urban and human ecology, coastal engineering and spatial planning, coastal zone management, and marine resource management.