Tumor immune microenvironment-based clusters in predicting prognosis and guiding immunotherapy in breast cancer

IF 2.1 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY Journal of Biosciences Pub Date : 2024-01-20 DOI:10.1007/s12038-023-00386-8
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Abstract

The development and progression of breast cancer (BC) depend heavily on the tumor microenvironment (TME), especially tumor infiltration leukocytes (TILs). TME-based classifications in BC remain largely unknown and need to be clarified. Using the bioinformatic analysis, we attempted to construct a prognostic nomogram based on clinical features and TME-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We also tried to investigate the association between the prognostic nomogram and clinical characteristics, TILs, possible signaling pathways, and response to immunotherapy in BC patients. DEGs for BC patients were identified from The Cancer Genome Atlas Breast Invasive Carcinoma database. TME-related genes were downloaded from the Immunology Database and Analysis Portal. After intersecting DEGs and TME-related genes, 3985 overlapping TME-related DEGs were selected for non-negative matrix factorization clustering, microenvironment cell populations-counter (MCP-counter), LASSO Cox regression, tumor immune dysfunction, and exclusion (TIDE) algorithm analyses. BC patients were divided into three clusters based on the TME-related DEGs and survival data, in which cluster 3 had the best overall survival (OS). Of note, cluster 3 exhibited the highest infiltration or lowest infiltration of CD3+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells, cytotoxic lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, monocytic lineage, and myeloid dendritic cells (MDCs). A total of 33 TME-related DEGs were identified as a prognostic gene signature by the LASSO regression analysis. The prognostic gene signature separated BC patients into low- and high-risk groups with significant differences in OS (p<0.01) and demonstrated powerful effectiveness (TCGA all group: 1-year area under the curve [AUC] = 0.773, 3-year AUC = 0.770, 5-year AUC = 0.792). By integrating demographic features, tumor-node metastasis (TNM) stages, and prognostic gene signature, we constructed a nomogram with better predictive value than other clinical features alone. TME-related DEGs in the low-risk BC patients (with better OS) were enriched in chemokine, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, and JAK-STAT and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. BC patients in the low-risk group exhibited higher TIDE scores associated with worse immune checkpoint blockade response. A prognostic nomogram based on TME-related DEGs and clinical characteristics could predict prognosis and guide immunotherapy in BC patients.

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基于肿瘤免疫微环境的集群在预测乳腺癌预后和指导免疫疗法中的应用
摘要 乳腺癌(BC)的发生和发展在很大程度上取决于肿瘤微环境(TME),尤其是肿瘤浸润白细胞(TILs)。基于TME的乳腺癌分类在很大程度上仍是未知的,需要加以澄清。通过生物信息学分析,我们尝试根据临床特征和与 TME 相关的差异表达基因(DEGs)构建预后提名图。我们还试图研究预后提名图与 BC 患者的临床特征、TILs、可能的信号通路以及对免疫疗法的反应之间的关联。从癌症基因组图谱乳腺浸润性癌数据库中确定了BC患者的DEGs。TME相关基因从免疫学数据库和分析门户网站下载。将 DEGs 和 TME 相关基因交叉后,选择了 3985 个重叠的 TME 相关 DEGs 进行非负矩阵因子聚类、微环境细胞群计数器(MCP-counter)、LASSO Cox 回归、肿瘤免疫功能障碍和排除(TIDE)算法分析。根据与TME相关的DEGs和生存数据,将BC患者分为三个群组,其中第3群组的总生存期(OS)最好。值得注意的是,群组3的CD3+ T细胞、CD8+ T细胞、细胞毒性淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞、单核细胞系和髓系树突状细胞(MDCs)的浸润程度最高或最低。通过LASSO回归分析,共确定了33个与TME相关的DEGs作为预后基因特征。该预后基因特征将BC患者分为低危和高危两组,两组患者的OS有显著差异(p<0.01),并显示出强大的有效性(TCGA所有组别:1年曲线下面积[A]......):1 年曲线下面积 [AUC] = 0.773,3 年 AUC = 0.770,5 年 AUC = 0.792)。通过整合人口统计学特征、肿瘤结节转移(TNM)分期和预后基因特征,我们构建了一个提名图,其预测价值优于其他单独的临床特征。低危BC患者(OS较好)的TME相关DEGs富集于趋化因子、细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用、JAK-STAT和Toll样受体信号通路。低风险组的BC患者TIDE评分较高,但免疫检查点阻断反应较差。基于TME相关DEGs和临床特征的预后提名图可以预测BC患者的预后并指导免疫疗法。
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来源期刊
Journal of Biosciences
Journal of Biosciences 生物-生物学
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
83
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Biosciences is a quarterly journal published by the Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore. It covers all areas of Biology and is the premier journal in the country within its scope. It is indexed in Current Contents and other standard Biological and Medical databases. The Journal of Biosciences began in 1934 as the Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences (Section B). This continued until 1978 when it was split into three parts : Proceedings-Animal Sciences, Proceedings-Plant Sciences and Proceedings-Experimental Biology. Proceedings-Experimental Biology was renamed Journal of Biosciences in 1979; and in 1991, Proceedings-Animal Sciences and Proceedings-Plant Sciences merged with it.
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