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Comparative analysis of Quercus suber L. acorns in natural and semi-natural stands: Morphology characterization, insect attacks, and chemical composition 天然林和半天然林中栎树橡子的比较分析:形态特征、虫害和化学成分
IF 2.9 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-024-00470-7
Sabrina Kassouar, Dalila Mecellem, Samia Djellal, Nourelimane Benzitoune

The present study aims to investigate the differences between cork oak acorns from natural and semi-natural stands in terms of morphology, insect attack rate, and acorn chemical composition. Moreover, it examines the metabolic responses induced by insect attacks. The results show that acorns from the semi-natural stand in our study are larger than those from the natural stand. In addition, the insect attack rate was higher in the natural stand (8.25%) than in the semi-natural stand (6.25%). Furthermore, acorns in the semi-natural stand exhibit high total flavonoid content (TFC), whereas those in the natural stand are rich in total phenolic content (TPC). In terms of biochemical changes in acorns, the study revealed a remarkably significant difference in TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity subsequent to infestation by Cydia and Curculio insects. Cydia-infested acorns from the natural stand had higher TPC levels, with a value of 93.96±0.39 mg GAE/g, showing a 17.7% increase over healthy acorns. Acorns from the semi-natural stand attacked by Curculio show the highest TFC with a value of 0.288±0.004 mg EQ/g, showing a 121.5% increase over healthy acorns. Moreover, both DPPH and FRAP methods revealed that antioxidant activity of the acorns from the semi-natural stand attacked by Curculio was more effective. This research is crucial for providing a solid foundation for the selection of high-quality cork oak germplasm resources and exploring the potential valorization of insect-affected acorns in the realms of food and agriculture.

本研究旨在从形态、昆虫侵袭率和橡子化学成分等方面研究天然林和半天然林栓皮栎橡子之间的差异。此外,它还研究了昆虫攻击引起的新陈代谢反应。结果表明,在我们的研究中,来自半自然林地的橡子比来自自然林地的橡子大。此外,自然林分的虫蛀率(8.25%)高于半自然林分(6.25%)。此外,半自然林分的橡子总黄酮含量(TFC)较高,而自然林分的橡子总酚含量(TPC)丰富。在橡子的生化变化方面,研究发现,恙虫和卷叶虫侵染后,橡子的总酚、总黄酮和抗氧化活性有显著差异。受蚜虫侵染的天然林地的橡子具有较高的 TPC 含量,其值为 93.96±0.39 mg GAE/g,比健康的橡子增加了 17.7%。受到瘤蚜侵害的半自然林木的橡子的 TFC 含量最高,为 0.288±0.004 mg EQ/g,比健康橡子的 TFC 含量高出 121.5%。此外,DPPH 和 FRAP 两种方法都表明,受 Curculio 侵害的半自然林中的橡子的抗氧化活性更强。这项研究为筛选优质栓皮栎种质资源和探索受虫害影响的橡子在食品和农业领域的潜在价值奠定了坚实的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Phosphorylation mapping of laminin γ1-chain: Kinases, functional interaction sequences, and phosphorylation-interfering cancer mutations 层粘连蛋白γ1-链的磷酸化图谱:激酶、功能性相互作用序列和磷酸化干扰癌症突变
IF 2.9 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-024-00465-4
Panagiota-Angeliki Galliou, Kleio-Maria Verrou, Nikolaos A Papanikolaou, George Koliakos

We computationally predicted all phosphorylation sites in the sequence of the human laminin γ1-chain (LAMC1), and computationally identified, for the first time, all kinases for experimentally observed phosphorylated residues of the LAMC1 and all missense deleterious LAMC1 mutations found in different cancer types that interfere with LAMC1 phosphorylation. Also, we mapped the above data to all the biologically functional interaction sequences of the LAMC1. Five kinases (CKII, GPCRK1, PKA, PKC, and CKI) are most enriched for LAMC1 phosphorylation, and the significance of ecto-kinases in this process was emphasized. PKA and PKC targeted more residues inside and close to functional interaction sequences compared with other kinases and in the functional interaction sequence RPESFAIYKRTR. Most phosphorylation-interfering mutations were found in cutaneous melanoma and uterine endometrioid carcinoma. The mutation R255H interfered with the experimentally observed phosphorylation of LAMC1 inside the functional interaction sequence TDIRVTLNRLNTF, while the mutations S181Y and S213Y interfered with the experimentally observed phosphorylation of LAMC1 outside the functional interaction sequences. Mutations R359C,H, R589H, R657C,H, R663I,G, and T1207 interfered with the predicted phosphorylation inside or close to the functional interaction sequences, whereas other mutations interfered outside. PKA- and PKC-predicted phosphorylation was mostly interfered with by mutations inside functional interaction sequences. Phosphorylation-interfering mutations and functional interaction sequences were suggested to promote specific cancer types or cancer progression in general.

我们通过计算预测了人类层粘连蛋白γ1-链(LAMC1)序列中的所有磷酸化位点,并首次通过计算确定了实验观察到的 LAMC1 磷酸化残基的所有激酶,以及在不同癌症类型中发现的干扰 LAMC1 磷酸化的所有 LAMC1 错义缺失突变。此外,我们还将上述数据与 LAMC1 的所有生物功能相互作用序列进行了映射。五种激酶(CKII、GPCRK1、PKA、PKC 和 CKI)最富集于 LAMC1 磷酸化,并强调了外激酶在这一过程中的重要性。与其他激酶和功能相互作用序列 RPESFAIYKRTR 相比,PKA 和 PKC 靶向了更多位于功能相互作用序列内和靠近功能相互作用序列的残基。大多数磷酸化干扰突变出现在皮肤黑色素瘤和子宫内膜样癌中。突变 R255H 干扰了实验观察到的 LAMC1 在功能相互作用序列 TDIRVTLNRLNTF 内的磷酸化,而突变 S181Y 和 S213Y 干扰了实验观察到的 LAMC1 在功能相互作用序列外的磷酸化。突变 R359C,H、R589H、R657C,H、R663I,G 和 T1207 干扰了功能相互作用序列内或附近的预测磷酸化,而其他突变则干扰了功能相互作用序列外的磷酸化。PKA和PKC预测的磷酸化大多受到功能相互作用序列内突变的干扰。磷酸化干扰突变和功能相互作用序列被认为会促进特定癌症类型或癌症的整体进展。
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引用次数: 0
IRF9 and STAT1 as biomarkers involved in T-cell immunity in atherosclerosis IRF9和STAT1是参与动脉粥样硬化中T细胞免疫的生物标记物
IF 2.9 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-024-00448-5
Wei Xie, Xiang Gao, Liang Zhao, Shifei Song, Na Li, Junming Liu

Atherosclerosis is a common cardiovascular disease in which the arteries are thickened due to buildup of plaque. This study aims to identify programmed cell death (PCD)-related biomarkers and explore the crucial regulatory mechanisms of atherosclerosis. Gene expression profiles of atherosclerosis and control groups from GSE20129 and GSE23746 were obtained. Necroptosis was elevated in atherosclerosis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted in GSE23746 and GSE56045 to identify PCD-related modules and to perform enrichment analysis. Two necroptosis-related genes (IRF9 and STAT1) were identified and considered as biomarkers. Enrichment analysis showed that these gene modules were mainly related to immune response regulation. In addition, single-cell RNA sequencing data from GSE159677 were obtained and the characteristic cell types of atherosclerosis were identified. A total of 11 immune cell types were identified through UMAP dimension reduction. Most immune cells were mainly enriched in plaque samples, and STAT1 and IRF9 were primarily expressed in T-cells and macrophages. Moreover, the roles of IRF9 and STAT1 were assessed and found to be significantly upregulated in atherosclerosis, which was associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis. This study provides a molecular feature of atherosclerosis, offering an important basis for further research on its pathological mechanisms and the search for new therapeutic targets.

动脉粥样硬化是一种常见的心血管疾病,动脉粥样斑块的堆积会导致动脉增厚。本研究旨在确定与程序性细胞死亡(PCD)相关的生物标志物,并探索动脉粥样硬化的关键调控机制。研究人员从 GSE20129 和 GSE23746 中获得了动脉粥样硬化组和对照组的基因表达谱。动脉粥样硬化中坏死率升高。在 GSE23746 和 GSE56045 中进行了加权基因共表达网络分析(WGCNA),以确定 PCD 相关模块并进行富集分析。确定了两个坏死相关基因(IRF9 和 STAT1),并将其视为生物标志物。富集分析表明,这些基因模块主要与免疫反应调控有关。此外,还从 GSE159677 中获得了单细胞 RNA 测序数据,并确定了动脉粥样硬化的特征细胞类型。通过 UMAP 降维,共鉴定出 11 种免疫细胞类型。大多数免疫细胞主要富集在斑块样本中,STAT1 和 IRF9 主要在 T 细胞和巨噬细胞中表达。此外,研究还评估了 IRF9 和 STAT1 的作用,发现它们在动脉粥样硬化中显著上调,这与动脉粥样硬化风险的增加有关。这项研究提供了动脉粥样硬化的分子特征,为进一步研究其病理机制和寻找新的治疗靶点提供了重要依据。
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引用次数: 0
Wisdom of (molecular) crowds: How a snake’s temperature-sensing superpower separates information from misinformation 分子)群体的智慧:蛇的温度感应超能力如何区分信息与错误信息
IF 2.9 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-024-00466-3
Mukund Thattai
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引用次数: 0
CDCA: Community detection in RNA-seq data using centrality-based approach CDCA:使用基于中心性的方法检测 RNA-seq 数据中的群落
IF 2.9 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-024-00437-8
Tonmoya Sarmah, Dhruba K Bhattacharyya

One of the integral part of the network analysis is finding groups of nodes that exhibit similar properties. Community detection techniques are a popular choice to find such groups or communities within a network and it relies on graph-based methods to achieve this goal. Finding communities in biological networks such as gene co-expression networks are particularly important to find groups of genes where we can focus on further downstream analysis and find valuable insights regarding concerned diseases. Here, we present an effective community detection method called community detection using centrality-based approach (CDCA), designed using the graph centrality approach. The method has been tested using four benchmark bulk RNA-seq datasets for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and the performance has been proved superior in comparison to several other counterparts. The quality of communities are determined using intrinsic graph properties such as modularity and homogeneity. The biological significance of resultant communities is decided using the pathway enrichment analysis.

网络分析不可或缺的一部分是找到具有相似属性的节点群。社群检测技术是在网络中寻找此类群组或社群的常用方法,它依靠基于图的方法来实现这一目标。在基因共表达网络等生物网络中寻找群落尤为重要,这样我们就能找到基因组,从而专注于进一步的下游分析,找到有关疾病的宝贵见解。在这里,我们提出了一种有效的群落检测方法,称为基于中心性方法的群落检测(CDCA),它是利用图中心性方法设计的。该方法使用精神分裂症和躁狂症的四个基准批量 RNA-seq 数据集进行了测试,与其他几种同类方法相比,性能更优越。群落的质量是通过模块化和同质性等内在图属性确定的。利用通路富集分析来确定所形成群落的生物学意义。
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引用次数: 0
A majority of circadian clock genes are expressed in estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status-dependent manner in breast cancer 大多数昼夜节律时钟基因在乳腺癌中以雌激素受体和孕激素受体状态依赖的方式表达
IF 2.9 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-024-00454-7
Caglar Berkel, Ercan Cacan

Circadian clocks, biochemical oscillators that are regulated by environmental time cues including the day/night cycle, have a central function in the majority of biological processes. The disruption of the circadian clock can alter breast biology negatively and may promote the development of breast tumors. The expression status of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) were used to classify breast cancer into different molecular subtypes such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Receptor status-dependent expression of circadian clock genes have been previously studied in breast cancer using relatively small sample sizes in a particular population. Here, using TCGA-BRCA data (n=1119), we found that the expressions of CRY1, PER1, PER2, PER3, BMAL1, CLOCK, RORA, RORB, RORC, NR1D1, NR1D2, and FBXL3 were higher in ER+ breast cancer cells compared with those of ER− status. Similarly, we showed that transcript levels of CRY2, PER1, PER2, PER3, BMAL1, RORA, RORB, RORC, NR1D1, NR1D2, and FBXL3 were higher in PR+ breast cancer cells than in PR− breast cancer cells. We report that the expressions of CRY2, PER1, BMAL1, and RORA were lower, and the expression of NR1D1 was higher, in HER2+ breast cancer cells compared with HER2− breast cancer cells. Moreover, we studied these receptor status-dependent changes in the expressions of circadian clock genes also based on the race and age of breast cancer patients. Lastly, we found that the expressions of CRY2, PER1, PER2, PER3, and CLOCK were higher in non-TNBC than in TNBC, which has the worst prognosis among subtypes. We note that our findings are not always parallel to the observations reported in previous studies with smaller sample sizes performed in different populations and organisms. Our study suggests that receptor status in breast cancer (thus, subtype of breast cancer) might be more important than previously shown in terms of its influence on the expression of circadian clock genes and on the disruption of the circadian clock, and that ER or PR might be important regulators of breast cancer chronobiology that should be taken into account in personalized chronotherapies.

昼夜节律钟是受环境时间线索(包括昼夜周期)调节的生化振荡器,在大多数生物过程中发挥着核心功能。昼夜节律钟的紊乱会对乳腺生物学产生负面影响,并可能促进乳腺肿瘤的发展。雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)和人表皮生长因子受体 2(HER2)的表达状态被用来将乳腺癌分为不同的分子亚型,如三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)。以前曾利用特定人群中相对较小的样本量研究了乳腺癌中昼夜节律时钟基因的受体状态依赖性表达。在此,我们利用 TCGA-BRCA 数据(n=1119)发现,与 ER- 状态的乳腺癌细胞相比,ER+ 状态的乳腺癌细胞中 CRY1、PER1、PER2、PER3、BMAL1、CLOCK、RORA、RORB、RORC、NR1D1、NR1D2 和 FBXL3 的表达量更高。同样,我们发现 CRY2、PER1、PER2、PER3、BMAL1、RORA、RORB、RORC、NR1D1、NR1D2 和 FBXL3 的转录水平在 PR+ 状态的乳腺癌细胞中高于 PR- 状态的乳腺癌细胞。我们发现,与 HER2-乳腺癌细胞相比,HER2+乳腺癌细胞中 CRY2、PER1、BMAL1 和 RORA 的表达量较低,而 NR1D1 的表达量较高。此外,我们还根据乳腺癌患者的种族和年龄,研究了昼夜节律时钟基因表达的这些受体状态依赖性变化。最后,我们发现 CRY2、PER1、PER2、PER3 和 CLOCK 在非 TNBC 中的表达高于 TNBC,而 TNBC 在各亚型中预后最差。我们注意到,我们的研究结果并不总是与以前在不同人群和生物体中进行的样本量较小的研究中的观察结果平行。我们的研究表明,乳腺癌中的受体状态(即乳腺癌亚型)对昼夜节律表基因表达的影响以及对昼夜节律表的破坏可能比以前的研究更重要,ER 或 PR 可能是乳腺癌时间生物学的重要调节因子,在个性化时间疗法中应加以考虑。
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引用次数: 0
An in vitro model of adipose tissue-associated macrophages 脂肪组织相关巨噬细胞的体外模型
IF 2.9 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-024-00464-5
Karishma Bhatia, Sandhya Tiwari, Vikas Kumar Gupta, Neerav M Sapariya, Sanjeev K Upadhyay

Obesity-related chronic low-grade inflammation plays a central role in the development of insulin resistance. Macrophages are key players in adipose tissue homeostasis, and their phenotypic shift from the anti-inflammatory or alternatively activated (M2) form to the pro-inflammatory, classically activated (M1) form is a hallmark of insulin resistance. However, adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) have been identified as a distinct subpopulation of macrophages in several recent studies. These ATMs, described as metabolically activated macrophages (MMe), differ from M1 and are primarily found in the adipose tissue of obese individuals. In our study, we developed an in vitro model of MMe macrophages to establish a simple and reproducible system to understand their characteristics and role in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance. We examined their characteristics such as inflammatory patterns, surface markers, and metabolic features, and compared them with M1 and M2 macrophages. We found that a cell line-based in vitro model effectively mirrors the characteristics of ATMs, highlighting distinct inflammatory phenotypes, metabolism, surface markers, altered lysosomal activity, and ER stress akin to macrophages in vivo. This model captures the subtle distinctions between MMe and M1, and can be effectively used to study several features of macrophage–adipose interactions of therapeutic importance.

与肥胖相关的慢性低度炎症在胰岛素抵抗的发展过程中起着核心作用。巨噬细胞是脂肪组织平衡的关键角色,它们的表型从抗炎或替代活化(M2)型转变为促炎、经典活化(M1)型是胰岛素抵抗的标志。然而,最近的几项研究发现,脂肪组织巨噬细胞(ATMs)是巨噬细胞的一个独特亚群。这些被称为代谢活化巨噬细胞(MMe)的 ATMs 与 M1 不同,主要存在于肥胖者的脂肪组织中。在我们的研究中,我们建立了一个 MMe 巨噬细胞的体外模型,以建立一个简单且可重复的系统来了解它们的特征及其在胰岛素抵抗的病理生理学中的作用。我们研究了它们的特征,如炎症模式、表面标志物和代谢特征,并将它们与 M1 和 M2 巨噬细胞进行了比较。我们发现,基于细胞系的体外模型有效地反映了 ATMs 的特征,突出显示了与体内巨噬细胞相似的独特炎症表型、新陈代谢、表面标志物、溶酶体活性改变和 ER 应激。该模型捕捉到了MMe和M1之间的细微差别,可有效用于研究巨噬细胞与脂肪相互作用的几个重要治疗特征。
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引用次数: 0
scDiffCoAM: A complete framework to identify potential biomarkers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma using scRNA-Seq data analysis scDiffCoAM:利用 scRNA-Seq 数据分析确定食管鳞状细胞癌潜在生物标记物的完整框架
IF 2.9 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-024-00447-6
Manaswita Saikia, Dhruba K Bhattacharyya, Jugal K Kalita

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) technology provides the scope to gain insight into the interplay between intrinsic cellular processes as well as transcriptional and behavioral changes in gene–gene interactions across varying conditions. The high level of scarcity of scRNA-seq data, however, poses a significant challenge for analysis. We propose a complete differential co-expression (DCE) analysis framework for scRNA-Seq data to extract network modules and identify hub-genes. The performance of our method has been shown to be satisfactory after validation using an scRNA-Seq esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) dataset. From comparison with four other existing hub-gene finding methods, it has been observed that our method performs better in the majority of cases and has the ability to identify unique potential biomarkers that were not detected by the other methods. The potential biomarker genes identified by our framework, differential co-expression analysis method for single-cell RNA sequencing data (scDiffCoAM), have been validated both statistically and biologically.

单细胞 RNA 测序(scRNA-Seq)技术为深入了解细胞内在过程之间的相互作用以及不同条件下基因-基因相互作用的转录和行为变化提供了机会。然而,scRNA-seq 数据的高度稀缺性给分析带来了巨大挑战。我们为 scRNA-seq 数据提出了一个完整的差异共表达(DCE)分析框架,以提取网络模块并识别枢纽基因。在使用 scRNA-Seq 食管鳞癌(ESCC)数据集进行验证后,我们的方法性能令人满意。通过与其他四种现有的中枢基因发现方法进行比较,我们发现我们的方法在大多数情况下表现更好,而且有能力发现其他方法没有检测到的独特的潜在生物标记基因。我们的框架--单细胞 RNA 测序数据差异共表达分析方法(scDiffCoAM)--所发现的潜在生物标记基因已通过统计学和生物学验证。
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引用次数: 0
Paradoxical sleep deprivation and restriction promote castration-like effects and local inflammatory responses in male gerbil prostate 反常的睡眠剥夺和限制会促进雄性沙鼠前列腺的阉割样效应和局部炎症反应
IF 2.9 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-024-00450-x
Ricardo A Fochi, Thalles F R Ruiz, Mariana M Jesus, Lucas R Azevedo, Luiz R Falleiros-Júnior, Silvana G P Campos, Rejane M Góes, Sonia M Oliani, Patricia S L Vilamaior, Sebastião R Taboga

Paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) presents different effects on metabolism and neurological functions. In addition, over long duration, sleep restriction (SR) can promote permanent changes. The prostate is an endocrine-dependent organ with homeostatic regulation directly related to hormone levels. Our study proposed to demonstrate the experimental prostatic effects of PSD (96 h), PSD with recovery (PSR – 96/96 h), and sleep restriction (SR – 30 PSD cycles/recovery). PSD and SR promoted decrease in serum testosterone and significant increase in serum and intraprostatic corticosterone. In agreement, androgen receptors (AR) were less expressed and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) were enhanced in PSR and SR. Thus, the prostate, especially under SR, demonstrates a castration-like effect due to loss of responsiveness and sensitization by androgens. SR triggered an important inflammatory response through enhancement of serum and intraprostatic pro- (IL-1α, IL-6, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines. Furthermore, the respective receptors of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1RI and TNF-R) were highly expressed in the prostatic epithelium and stroma. PSR can partially restore prostate homeostasis, as it restores testosterone and the prostate proliferation index, in addition to promoting balance in the inflammatory response that is considered protective. PSD and SR are key factors in the endocrine axis that coordinate prostatic homeostasis, and significant changes in these factors have consequences on prostate functionality.

Graphical abstract

矛盾性剥夺睡眠(PSD)会对新陈代谢和神经功能产生不同的影响。此外,长期限制睡眠(SR)会导致永久性变化。前列腺是一个依赖内分泌的器官,其平衡调节与激素水平直接相关。我们的研究拟证明 PSD(96 小时)、PSD 与恢复(PSR - 96/96 小时)和睡眠限制(SR - 30 PSD 周期/恢复)对前列腺的实验性影响。PSD 和 SR 会导致血清睾酮下降,血清和前列腺内皮质酮显著增加。同样,在 PSR 和 SR 中,雄激素受体(AR)表达较少,糖皮质激素受体(GR)表达增强。因此,前列腺,尤其是在 SR 条件下,由于对雄激素失去反应性和敏感性,表现出类似阉割的效应。SR通过增强血清和前列腺内促炎症(IL-1α、IL-6、TNF-α)和抗炎症(IL-10)细胞因子,引发了重要的炎症反应。此外,抗炎细胞因子的相应受体(IL-1RI 和 TNF-R)在前列腺上皮细胞和基质中高度表达。PSR 能部分恢复前列腺的平衡,因为它能恢复睾酮和前列腺增生指数,此外还能促进被认为具有保护作用的炎症反应的平衡。PSD和SR是协调前列腺稳态的内分泌轴的关键因素,这些因素的显著变化会对前列腺功能产生影响。
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引用次数: 0
Social learning and culture in bees: Simple mechanisms, complex outcomes 蜜蜂的社会学习和文化:简单的机制,复杂的结果
IF 2.9 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-024-00463-6
Vivek Nityananda

Bees have been excellent model systems to study social learning – the ability of animals to change their behaviour based on observations of other individuals. Researchers have investigated several aspects of social learning in bees, including how it can lead to cultural traditions. A recent study also argues that bees have the capacity to socially learn behaviours that they could not innovate on their own. To understand these findings better, I review what we know about the mechanisms underlying social learning in bees and use these findings to compare social learning and culture in bees and humans. The findings suggest that the seemingly complex social behaviours of bees could arise from simple mechanisms underlying learning in general. I highlight the importance of investigating cognitive mechanisms and how they might differ across animals.

蜜蜂是研究社会学习--动物根据对其他个体的观察而改变自身行为的能力--的绝佳模型系统。研究人员已经对蜜蜂社会学习的多个方面进行了研究,其中包括如何通过社会学习形成文化传统。最近的一项研究还认为,蜜蜂有能力通过社会学习自己无法创新的行为。为了更好地理解这些发现,我回顾了我们所知道的蜜蜂社会学习的基本机制,并利用这些发现来比较蜜蜂和人类的社会学习和文化。研究结果表明,蜜蜂看似复杂的社会行为可能源于一般学习的简单机制。我强调了研究认知机制的重要性,以及不同动物的认知机制可能存在的差异。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Biosciences
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