Sulfate Radical-Based Advanced Oxidation Technology to Remove Pesticides From Water A Review of the Most Recent Technologies

Abstract

Pesticides are being discharged into the environment at an increasing rate, particularly into water resources, as agricultural productivity increases. These contaminants need to break down and mineralize as soon as possible since they are extremely dangerous to aquatic life and human health. The advanced oxidation method based on sulfate radicals (SR-AOP) has gained popularity recently for treating organic pollutants like pesticides because of its great efficacy and low environmental impact. This article goes into detail about the many ways for activating persulfate (PS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for pesticides degradation, such as UV light, carbon-based materials, TMs, ultrasonic, electrochemical, heat, microwave, photoelectrons, alkali, and hybrid activation. The mechanisms of pesticide the degradation by SR-AOP, as well as the detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS), are also addressed. The effect of operational parameters such as PS/PMS concentration, catalyst dose, pH, pesticide starting concentration, and organic and inorganic matter on pesticide degradation by SR-AOP is also discussed. The toxicity of the degraded intermediates, as well as enhancing pesticide total mineralization under SR-AOP, was also investigated. Finally, prospects for future research and application of SR-AOP in pesticides removal from water are highlighted.

Graphical Abstract