{"title":"A roadmap to alternative fuels for decarbonising shipping: The case of green ammonia","authors":"Gökcay Balci , Thi Tuyet Nhung Phan , Ebru Surucu-Balci , Çağatay Iris","doi":"10.1016/j.rtbm.2024.101100","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Decarbonisation efforts in shipping have intensified amid recent regulations and net-zero emission pledges from governments and global supply chains. Green ammonia is one of the alternative fuels that can accomplish net-zero targets of the industry. However, considerable challenges exist for green ammonia adoption as the future clean energy source in maritime transport. This study scrutinises the success factors of the industry-wide adoption of green ammonia. We examine the structural relationship between success factors to explore antecedents, illustrate the precedence relationships between success factors, and present a roadmap. We first determine success factors and then employ Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) and Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification (MICMAC) to reveal relationship between success factors and suggest a roadmap. The success factors of an alternative fuel adoption are the availability of the fuel, the cost of the fuel, R&D in the fuel, safety regulations of the fuel, propulsion technology, port infrastructure for the fuel, stakeholder support, setting of carbon tax, public awareness on emissions and early adopter companies using the fuel. 48 experts completed the ISM survey for green ammonia. Results indicate that the most fundamental success factors are stakeholder support, carbon taxation, public awareness, and the number of early adopters. These fundamental success factors would pave the way to safety regulations of ammonia and R&D progress, which would then improve ammonia-powered propulsion systems and support a vast availability of green ammonia. Following the accomplishment of the above listed success factors, ammonia cost reduction and port infrastructure development can be delivered.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47453,"journal":{"name":"Research in Transportation Business and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210539524000026/pdfft?md5=1c2a7959e2329c7a5acb218e8a2cd6a3&pid=1-s2.0-S2210539524000026-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Research in Transportation Business and Management","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210539524000026","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BUSINESS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Decarbonisation efforts in shipping have intensified amid recent regulations and net-zero emission pledges from governments and global supply chains. Green ammonia is one of the alternative fuels that can accomplish net-zero targets of the industry. However, considerable challenges exist for green ammonia adoption as the future clean energy source in maritime transport. This study scrutinises the success factors of the industry-wide adoption of green ammonia. We examine the structural relationship between success factors to explore antecedents, illustrate the precedence relationships between success factors, and present a roadmap. We first determine success factors and then employ Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) and Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification (MICMAC) to reveal relationship between success factors and suggest a roadmap. The success factors of an alternative fuel adoption are the availability of the fuel, the cost of the fuel, R&D in the fuel, safety regulations of the fuel, propulsion technology, port infrastructure for the fuel, stakeholder support, setting of carbon tax, public awareness on emissions and early adopter companies using the fuel. 48 experts completed the ISM survey for green ammonia. Results indicate that the most fundamental success factors are stakeholder support, carbon taxation, public awareness, and the number of early adopters. These fundamental success factors would pave the way to safety regulations of ammonia and R&D progress, which would then improve ammonia-powered propulsion systems and support a vast availability of green ammonia. Following the accomplishment of the above listed success factors, ammonia cost reduction and port infrastructure development can be delivered.
随着近期法规的出台以及政府和全球供应链对净零排放的承诺,航运业的去碳化工作也在不断加强。绿色氨是可实现行业净零排放目标的替代燃料之一。然而,要将绿色氨气作为未来海运业的清洁能源,还存在相当大的挑战。本研究探讨了全行业采用绿色氨水的成功因素。我们研究了成功因素之间的结构关系,以探索前因,说明成功因素之间的优先关系,并提出路线图。我们首先确定成功因素,然后采用解释性结构建模(ISM)和交叉影响矩阵乘法应用于分类(MICMAC)来揭示成功因素之间的关系,并提出路线图。采用替代燃料的成功因素包括燃料的可获得性、燃料的成本、燃料的研发、燃料的安全法规、推进技术、燃料的港口基础设施、利益相关者的支持、碳税的设定、公众对排放的认识以及早期采用燃料的公司。48 位专家完成了关于绿色氨的 ISM 调查。结果表明,最基本的成功因素是利益相关者的支持、碳税、公众意识和早期采用者的数量。这些基本的成功因素将为氨的安全法规和研发进展铺平道路,进而改善氨动力推进系统,支持绿色氨的广泛供应。在实现上述成功因素之后,氨成本的降低和港口基础设施的发展也将水到渠成。
期刊介绍:
Research in Transportation Business & Management (RTBM) will publish research on international aspects of transport management such as business strategy, communication, sustainability, finance, human resource management, law, logistics, marketing, franchising, privatisation and commercialisation. Research in Transportation Business & Management welcomes proposals for themed volumes from scholars in management, in relation to all modes of transport. Issues should be cross-disciplinary for one mode or single-disciplinary for all modes. We are keen to receive proposals that combine and integrate theories and concepts that are taken from or can be traced to origins in different disciplines or lessons learned from different modes and approaches to the topic. By facilitating the development of interdisciplinary or intermodal concepts, theories and ideas, and by synthesizing these for the journal''s audience, we seek to contribute to both scholarly advancement of knowledge and the state of managerial practice. Potential volume themes include: -Sustainability and Transportation Management- Transport Management and the Reduction of Transport''s Carbon Footprint- Marketing Transport/Branding Transportation- Benchmarking, Performance Measurement and Best Practices in Transport Operations- Franchising, Concessions and Alternate Governance Mechanisms for Transport Organisations- Logistics and the Integration of Transportation into Freight Supply Chains- Risk Management (or Asset Management or Transportation Finance or ...): Lessons from Multiple Modes- Engaging the Stakeholder in Transportation Governance- Reliability in the Freight Sector