Renal-testicular cross talk mediated immunoendocrine interaction in infertility in men: A mini review

Abstract

There exists an immunoendocrine interactive relationship in men which is known to account for male infertility in certain cases. The primary products of the testis are the testosterone hormone and sperms. Production and release of both the products of the testis are regulated by the hormones from the pituitary namely the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and hormones from the hypothalamus and some more hormones which are produced locally within the testis. These endocrine components of the male reproductive system together contribute to the maintenance of the immune environment of the testis. In aged men, compromised energy metabolism contributes to a compromised immune system leading to infertility. Endocrine dysregulation plays a role in immune compromisation mediated infertility in men.