Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.016
Pooja Dadwani, Ila Suttarwala, Jaikumar B Contractor
Injury to Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (RLN) is the most common complication of surgical interventions for thyroid gland disorders. This makes a thorough anatomical knowledge of RLN with variations in its branching pattern and relationship with Inferior Thyroid Artery (ITA) of vital importance for surgeons. The current study was aimed to establish the relationship of RLN with Inferior Thyroid Artery (ITA) as well as its implications on thyroid surgeries. We studied the 73 RLN during routine dissection and autopsy examinations through a lateral approach and observations were tabulated using descriptive statistics and relational statistics, Chi-square test, for analysing significance. The results showed statistically significant differences in RLN branching patterns as well as in its positions relative to ITA between the right and left RLN. Extra-laryngeal terminal bifurcations were the most common finding and posterior positioning of RLN with respect to ITA was predominant. More so, bifurcations occurred more frequently on the right side (75.67%) than on the left side (30.55%) (P < 0.05). The nerve was observed posterior to the ITA in 78.08%, anterior in 24.65% and in-between in 5.47% specimens. The potential consequences of such RLN variations on surgical outcomes emphasize the risk of iatrogenic injuries and associated symptoms. We also noted discrepancies in findings compared to a previous few studies, but these may be attributed to the embryological and racial differences. The study underscores the importance of understanding RLN anatomy for safe thyroid surgeries and warrant further research to elucidate RLN variations and their impact on surgical procedures contributing valuable insights into RLN anatomy to optimize surgical outcomes and reduce complications in thyroid surgeries.
{"title":"Exploring the anatomical relationship between the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the inferior thyroid artery: insights from cadaveric dissections","authors":"Pooja Dadwani, Ila Suttarwala, Jaikumar B Contractor","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.016","url":null,"abstract":"Injury to Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (RLN) is the most common complication of surgical interventions for thyroid gland disorders. This makes a thorough anatomical knowledge of RLN with variations in its branching pattern and relationship with Inferior Thyroid Artery (ITA) of vital importance for surgeons. The current study was aimed to establish the relationship of RLN with Inferior Thyroid Artery (ITA) as well as its implications on thyroid surgeries. We studied the 73 RLN during routine dissection and autopsy examinations through a lateral approach and observations were tabulated using descriptive statistics and relational statistics, Chi-square test, for analysing significance. The results showed statistically significant differences in RLN branching patterns as well as in its positions relative to ITA between the right and left RLN. Extra-laryngeal terminal bifurcations were the most common finding and posterior positioning of RLN with respect to ITA was predominant. More so, bifurcations occurred more frequently on the right side (75.67%) than on the left side (30.55%) (P < 0.05). The nerve was observed posterior to the ITA in 78.08%, anterior in 24.65% and in-between in 5.47% specimens. The potential consequences of such RLN variations on surgical outcomes emphasize the risk of iatrogenic injuries and associated symptoms. We also noted discrepancies in findings compared to a previous few studies, but these may be attributed to the embryological and racial differences. The study underscores the importance of understanding RLN anatomy for safe thyroid surgeries and warrant further research to elucidate RLN variations and their impact on surgical procedures contributing valuable insights into RLN anatomy to optimize surgical outcomes and reduce complications in thyroid surgeries.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.014
Anupama Mahajan
{"title":"Ethical considerations of artificial intelligence (AI) in teaching and learning anatomy","authors":"Anupama Mahajan","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.017
S. Sakthivel, N. Dhakshnamoorthy, Ilankathir Sridharan, Sarala Devi K V
The coracoclavicular joint is a rare diarthrotic synovial joint between the scapula and clavicle. Its presence has been established as an etiological factor in shoulder pain and could be associated with upper limb paraesthesia. The incidence of the joint varies in different ethnic populations. The present study aims to report the prevalence of this joint in South Indians. The descriptive study was conducted on 118 right-sided and 159 left-sided adult human dried clavicles. The conoid tubercle of the clavicles was examined for the presence of a smooth articular facet for the coracoid process of the scapula. The transverse and anteroposterior dimensions of the clavicular facet were measured using a digital Vernier caliper. The clavicular facet for the coracoclavicular joint was observed in 4.69% of the 277 bones. The shape of the facet was horizontally oval, and the transverse diameter was longer than the anteroposterior diameter. The mean transverse diameter was 8.81±1.86 mm, and the anteroposterior diameter was 6.16±2.39 mm. With a prevalence of 4.69% in this study in the South Indian population, the presence of CCJ could not be considered a rare anomaly. Although it is incidentally diagnosed, the possibility of CCJ occurrence should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained shoulder pathology.
{"title":"An osteological study of the clavicular facet of the coracoclavicular joint","authors":"S. Sakthivel, N. Dhakshnamoorthy, Ilankathir Sridharan, Sarala Devi K V","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.017","url":null,"abstract":"The coracoclavicular joint is a rare diarthrotic synovial joint between the scapula and clavicle. Its presence has been established as an etiological factor in shoulder pain and could be associated with upper limb paraesthesia. The incidence of the joint varies in different ethnic populations. The present study aims to report the prevalence of this joint in South Indians. The descriptive study was conducted on 118 right-sided and 159 left-sided adult human dried clavicles. The conoid tubercle of the clavicles was examined for the presence of a smooth articular facet for the coracoid process of the scapula. The transverse and anteroposterior dimensions of the clavicular facet were measured using a digital Vernier caliper. The clavicular facet for the coracoclavicular joint was observed in 4.69% of the 277 bones. The shape of the facet was horizontally oval, and the transverse diameter was longer than the anteroposterior diameter. The mean transverse diameter was 8.81±1.86 mm, and the anteroposterior diameter was 6.16±2.39 mm. With a prevalence of 4.69% in this study in the South Indian population, the presence of CCJ could not be considered a rare anomaly. Although it is incidentally diagnosed, the possibility of CCJ occurrence should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained shoulder pathology.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.023
Sunil Kumar, Sadakat Ali
Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and is a growing concern globally. The 2nd to 4th digit ratio (2D:4D), determined by the relative length of the index and ring fingers, has been linked to prenatal testosterone exposure and potentially cardiovascular health. This study investigates the correlation between 2D:4D ratio and hypertension in a North Indian female population, exploring its potential role as a risk factor for CVDs. A cross-sectional study will be conducted among North Indian females. Participants will be recruited through community outreach and healthcare facilities. Data collection will involve: 1. Demographic information; 2. Blood pressure measurement to identify hypertensive and normotensive individuals; 3. Measurement of the 2nd and 4th finger lengths on both hands to calculate the 2D:4D ratio. The study is expected to reveal a correlation between 2D:4D ratio and hypertension prevalence in the North Indian female population. We hypothesize that females with a lower 2D:4D ratio (indicating higher prenatal testosterone exposure) might exhibit a higher prevalence of hypertension. This finding could suggest a potential association between prenatal hormonal influences and increased risk of CVDs in later life. This study design is cross-sectional, and causality cannot be established. Further longitudinal studies would be needed to explore the cause-and-effect relationship between 2D:4D ratio, hypertension, and CVD development.
{"title":"Index finger and ring finger ratio (2D:4D) and it's correlation with Hypertension and it's affects for possibility factors in cardiovascular diseases in North Indian female population","authors":"Sunil Kumar, Sadakat Ali","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.023","url":null,"abstract":"Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and is a growing concern globally. The 2nd to 4th digit ratio (2D:4D), determined by the relative length of the index and ring fingers, has been linked to prenatal testosterone exposure and potentially cardiovascular health. This study investigates the correlation between 2D:4D ratio and hypertension in a North Indian female population, exploring its potential role as a risk factor for CVDs. A cross-sectional study will be conducted among North Indian females. Participants will be recruited through community outreach and healthcare facilities. Data collection will involve: 1. Demographic information; 2. Blood pressure measurement to identify hypertensive and normotensive individuals; 3. Measurement of the 2nd and 4th finger lengths on both hands to calculate the 2D:4D ratio. The study is expected to reveal a correlation between 2D:4D ratio and hypertension prevalence in the North Indian female population. We hypothesize that females with a lower 2D:4D ratio (indicating higher prenatal testosterone exposure) might exhibit a higher prevalence of hypertension. This finding could suggest a potential association between prenatal hormonal influences and increased risk of CVDs in later life. This study design is cross-sectional, and causality cannot be established. Further longitudinal studies would be needed to explore the cause-and-effect relationship between 2D:4D ratio, hypertension, and CVD development.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The lungs are a pair of respiratory organs situated in a thoracic cavity. Comprising bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli, they maximize surface area for gas exchange. Their main function is to facilitate the gaseous exchange and to contribute in maintaining the blood's acid-base balance by regulating carbon dioxide levels. They play a pivotal role in immune defence by protecting against pathogens and foreign particles. Lungs are essential for sustaining life by supporting cellular metabolism and physiological homeostasis. Their intricate structure and function make them indispensable for respiratory and overall health. During the routine dissection at the National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur it was observed that the number of lobes and fissures in the lungs were different from the normal anatomy of the lungs. The subject was formalin fixed a 90-year-old male cadaver of North Indian origin. This study aims to summarise rare anatomical variations of the lungs according to lobes and fissures as in addition to having numerous other therapeutic implications, structural changes in the lungs are crucial during segmental or lobar resection of the lungs.
{"title":"Rare anatomical variations in lungs - A case report","authors":"Ritika Kaswa, Lakshita Sharma, Ankita Pareek, Anamika Kumari Yadav, Sandeep M Lahange, Neha Udainiya","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.025","url":null,"abstract":"The lungs are a pair of respiratory organs situated in a thoracic cavity. Comprising bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli, they maximize surface area for gas exchange. Their main function is to facilitate the gaseous exchange and to contribute in maintaining the blood's acid-base balance by regulating carbon dioxide levels. They play a pivotal role in immune defence by protecting against pathogens and foreign particles. Lungs are essential for sustaining life by supporting cellular metabolism and physiological homeostasis. Their intricate structure and function make them indispensable for respiratory and overall health. During the routine dissection at the National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur it was observed that the number of lobes and fissures in the lungs were different from the normal anatomy of the lungs. The subject was formalin fixed a 90-year-old male cadaver of North Indian origin. This study aims to summarise rare anatomical variations of the lungs according to lobes and fissures as in addition to having numerous other therapeutic implications, structural changes in the lungs are crucial during segmental or lobar resection of the lungs.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.024
Urvi Sharma, Suman Verma
: Gantzer muscles are variants in forearm. They may cause compressive neuropathy affecting median or anterior interroseous nerve (Kiloh Nevin syndrome). Dual origin of Gantzer muscle forms tunnel which includes median nerve, this report reveals unique anatomical scenario where Gantzer muscle may compress and entrap median nerve.: Present study reported dual origin of gantzer muscles in right forearm. It was pierced by median nerve and brachial artery. Two anterior interroseous artery emerged from common interroseous artery. Later, both anterior interroseous artery anastomosed with posterior interroseous artery.: This variation is clinically significant since symptoms of median nerve compression caused by comparable changes are sometimes mistaken with symptoms caused by more prevalent causes like radiculopathy, carpal tunnel syndrome.: Noticed variation is particularly beneficial to hand surgeons since this unusual muscle serves as anatomical reference for procedures in this region. The safety and effectiveness of surgery are improved by knowledge of nerve variations. To the best of our knowledge, this variant has not been mentioned in current medical literature.
{"title":"Unusual variations in Gantzer muscle and neurovascular structures of forearm","authors":"Urvi Sharma, Suman Verma","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.024","url":null,"abstract":": Gantzer muscles are variants in forearm. They may cause compressive neuropathy affecting median or anterior interroseous nerve (Kiloh Nevin syndrome). Dual origin of Gantzer muscle forms tunnel which includes median nerve, this report reveals unique anatomical scenario where Gantzer muscle may compress and entrap median nerve.: Present study reported dual origin of gantzer muscles in right forearm. It was pierced by median nerve and brachial artery. Two anterior interroseous artery emerged from common interroseous artery. Later, both anterior interroseous artery anastomosed with posterior interroseous artery.: This variation is clinically significant since symptoms of median nerve compression caused by comparable changes are sometimes mistaken with symptoms caused by more prevalent causes like radiculopathy, carpal tunnel syndrome.: Noticed variation is particularly beneficial to hand surgeons since this unusual muscle serves as anatomical reference for procedures in this region. The safety and effectiveness of surgery are improved by knowledge of nerve variations. To the best of our knowledge, this variant has not been mentioned in current medical literature.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":" 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.018
Saurabh Kulkarni, Savita Mhetre, Archana Kalyankar, S. Sukre
: Stellate ganglion block (SGB) inhibits sympathetic innervation and is a common treatment for reflex sympathetic dystrophy. During the positioning of the needle, there is a risk of injury to the adjacent structures. Cardiac sympathetic denervation (CSD) to treat ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) requires transection at the middle or lower third of stellate (cervicothoracic) ganglia (SG). However, the morphological appearance of the adult SG and its distribution are not well described. : To determine the morphology of left and right SG (LSG and RSG) and their relations with adjacent structures. 1. Cadaveric: LSG and RSG (n=30) from 15 embalmed adult cadavers were dissected intact. Weights, volume, height, morphologic appearance, relationship between C8 and T1 ganglia (which form the SG) were determined. 2. Ultra-sonographic: Fifty adult patients enrolled for other than neck pathology evaluation were included. The size, shape, the relationship between the superior pole of SG and the transverse process of C7, the relationship between the superior pole of SG and the inferior thyroid artery, and the relationships between SG and other surrounding tissues were evaluated. 1. Cadaveric part: Three distinct morphologies of SG were identified: fusiform-rounded; fusiform-elongated; and bi-lobed. RSG and LSG did not differ in weight or volume. RSG were longer than LSG. Bi-lobed morphology was most common in RSGs while fused, elongated was most common in LSG 2. Ultra-sonographic part: it was difficult to visualize SG No significant differences found in thickness and cress-sectional area on right and left side. In fact, 60% of SGs were located in the C7 transverse process level, 75% of SGs were located under the inferior thyroid artery, and all of these SGs were located lateral to the thyroid gland and medial to the anterior scalene muscle and the vagus nerve.: Knowledge of the stellate ganglia’s morphology may help for greater precision and accuracy in the transection of the lower half to distal third of the SG during stellate ganglionectomy to treat cardiac arrhythmias. Ultra-sonographic guided SGB may improve safety and allows the visualization of the local anesthetic injection site. Studying the local anesthetic spread might allow the avoidance of side effects as well as typical complications of SGB. Thus, potentially improving both the safety and efficacy of the procedure.
{"title":"Cadaveric and ultrasonographic morphometry of cervicothoracic ganglion (Stellate ganglion)","authors":"Saurabh Kulkarni, Savita Mhetre, Archana Kalyankar, S. Sukre","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.018","url":null,"abstract":": Stellate ganglion block (SGB) inhibits sympathetic innervation and is a common treatment for reflex sympathetic dystrophy. During the positioning of the needle, there is a risk of injury to the adjacent structures. Cardiac sympathetic denervation (CSD) to treat ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) requires transection at the middle or lower third of stellate (cervicothoracic) ganglia (SG). However, the morphological appearance of the adult SG and its distribution are not well described. : To determine the morphology of left and right SG (LSG and RSG) and their relations with adjacent structures. 1. Cadaveric: LSG and RSG (n=30) from 15 embalmed adult cadavers were dissected intact. Weights, volume, height, morphologic appearance, relationship between C8 and T1 ganglia (which form the SG) were determined. 2. Ultra-sonographic: Fifty adult patients enrolled for other than neck pathology evaluation were included. The size, shape, the relationship between the superior pole of SG and the transverse process of C7, the relationship between the superior pole of SG and the inferior thyroid artery, and the relationships between SG and other surrounding tissues were evaluated. 1. Cadaveric part: Three distinct morphologies of SG were identified: fusiform-rounded; fusiform-elongated; and bi-lobed. RSG and LSG did not differ in weight or volume. RSG were longer than LSG. Bi-lobed morphology was most common in RSGs while fused, elongated was most common in LSG 2. Ultra-sonographic part: it was difficult to visualize SG No significant differences found in thickness and cress-sectional area on right and left side. In fact, 60% of SGs were located in the C7 transverse process level, 75% of SGs were located under the inferior thyroid artery, and all of these SGs were located lateral to the thyroid gland and medial to the anterior scalene muscle and the vagus nerve.: Knowledge of the stellate ganglia’s morphology may help for greater precision and accuracy in the transection of the lower half to distal third of the SG during stellate ganglionectomy to treat cardiac arrhythmias. Ultra-sonographic guided SGB may improve safety and allows the visualization of the local anesthetic injection site. Studying the local anesthetic spread might allow the avoidance of side effects as well as typical complications of SGB. Thus, potentially improving both the safety and efficacy of the procedure.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":" 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.022
A. Khare, Kuldeep Pratap Patel, Ravi Pratap Singh
Haemorrhoids are one of the most common anorectal diseases for referral to a surgeon. Haemorrhoidectomy one of the most common anorectal procedures performed. Complaints pertaining to haemorrhoids are one of the most common afflictions of western civilizations. Although the condition is rarely life threatening the complications of therapy can be.: Prospective comparative interventional study to assess the effectiveness of intravenous metronidazole as an analgesic in post hemorrhoidectomy patients was conducted from 1st March 2022 to 31 August 2023 in the department of General Surgery birsa munda government Medical College & Hospital, Shahdol (M.P.).: This study included adult patients (over 18 years old) who presented to the surgical outpatient department with rectal bleeding and were diagnosed with grade 3 or 4 hemorrhoids.Patients below 18 years of age, pregnancy, Lactation, other anorectal disease, previous anorectal disease, hypersensibility to metronidazole, Coagulation disorder, Anaesthetically unfit patients excluded. The mean VAS score between Group A (Metronidazole group) and Group B(placebo group) was 1.76 and 0.49 immediately after the procedure, 3.52 and 0.59 after 6 hours of surgery, 3.16 and 0.77 after 12 hours of surgery, 3.24 and 0.63 after 1 day of surgery and 2.72 and 0.62 after 3 days of procedure, which were all statistically significant when compared. : Intravenous Metronidazole has a favourable effect in pain control in the post hemorrhoidectomy patients in addition to antimicrobial effect. Patient satisfication rates and return back to normal activity seems to be better with Intravenous metronidazole. With the above mentioned observations, we inferred that metronidazole showed a better pain control when compare to the placebo group.
{"title":"To assess the effectiveness of intravenous metronidazole as an analgesic in post hemorrhoidectomy patients","authors":"A. Khare, Kuldeep Pratap Patel, Ravi Pratap Singh","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.022","url":null,"abstract":"Haemorrhoids are one of the most common anorectal diseases for referral to a surgeon. Haemorrhoidectomy one of the most common anorectal procedures performed. Complaints pertaining to haemorrhoids are one of the most common afflictions of western civilizations. Although the condition is rarely life threatening the complications of therapy can be.: Prospective comparative interventional study to assess the effectiveness of intravenous metronidazole as an analgesic in post hemorrhoidectomy patients was conducted from 1st March 2022 to 31 August 2023 in the department of General Surgery birsa munda government Medical College & Hospital, Shahdol (M.P.).: This study included adult patients (over 18 years old) who presented to the surgical outpatient department with rectal bleeding and were diagnosed with grade 3 or 4 hemorrhoids.Patients below 18 years of age, pregnancy, Lactation, other anorectal disease, previous anorectal disease, hypersensibility to metronidazole, Coagulation disorder, Anaesthetically unfit patients excluded. The mean VAS score between Group A (Metronidazole group) and Group B(placebo group) was 1.76 and 0.49 immediately after the procedure, 3.52 and 0.59 after 6 hours of surgery, 3.16 and 0.77 after 12 hours of surgery, 3.24 and 0.63 after 1 day of surgery and 2.72 and 0.62 after 3 days of procedure, which were all statistically significant when compared. : Intravenous Metronidazole has a favourable effect in pain control in the post hemorrhoidectomy patients in addition to antimicrobial effect. Patient satisfication rates and return back to normal activity seems to be better with Intravenous metronidazole. With the above mentioned observations, we inferred that metronidazole showed a better pain control when compare to the placebo group.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":" 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.026
Urvi Sharma, A. Tirpude
A rare anatomic anomaly known as the twisted carotid artery is characterized by vascular elongation that results in an altered path. It could be an unexpected finding or have symptoms that are clinically noteworthy. The internal carotid artery or, less frequently, the common carotid artery is the most typical site. Additionally, bilateral tortuous carotid arteries may develop, resulting in "kissing carotids," a condition in which the carotid arteries are opposed one another. : This case report describes the bilateral presence of numerous loops in the exterior and internal carotid arteries of an adult 65 years old male cadaver. : These loops may cause a reduction in blood flow to certain areas of the head and neck. It is essential for understanding these unusual loops for different surgical procedures. The aim of this paper is to enlighten physicians about the variations in these variants' etiology, anatomical characteristics, and associated clinical implications.
{"title":"Bilateral kinking of extracranial part of internal carotid artery with coiling and tortuosity of external carotid artery","authors":"Urvi Sharma, A. Tirpude","doi":"10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.026","url":null,"abstract":"A rare anatomic anomaly known as the twisted carotid artery is characterized by vascular elongation that results in an altered path. It could be an unexpected finding or have symptoms that are clinically noteworthy. The internal carotid artery or, less frequently, the common carotid artery is the most typical site. Additionally, bilateral tortuous carotid arteries may develop, resulting in \"kissing carotids,\" a condition in which the carotid arteries are opposed one another. : This case report describes the bilateral presence of numerous loops in the exterior and internal carotid arteries of an adult 65 years old male cadaver. : These loops may cause a reduction in blood flow to certain areas of the head and neck. It is essential for understanding these unusual loops for different surgical procedures. The aim of this paper is to enlighten physicians about the variations in these variants' etiology, anatomical characteristics, and associated clinical implications.","PeriodicalId":91698,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of clinical anatomy and physiology","volume":" 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.020
Pankaj Kumar, Sadakat Ali
Cranial indices, derived from skull measurements, are fundamental tools in cranial anthropometry. Establishing standard values for these indices is crucial for anatomists and craniofacial surgeons performing cranial reconstructions. This study aimed to establish baseline data on cranial morphology and calculate cranial indices. One hundred dry skulls of unknown sex were measured in the Department of Anatomy at Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun. Cranial length and breadth were measured, and the cranial index was calculated. Cranial types were also classified. The mean cranial length was 190.90 mm, with a mean breadth of 139.40 mm. The cranial index was 73.03. Mesocranic (48%) and dolichocranic (42%) skulls were the most prevalent, while brachycranic (8%) and hyper-brachycranic (2%) skulls were less common. This study provides baseline data on cranial morphometry in an unknown population sample. The results suggest a predominance of mesocranic and dolichocranic head shapes.
根据头骨测量得出的颅骨指数是颅骨人体测量的基本工具。为这些指数建立标准值对于解剖学家和颅面外科医生进行颅骨重建至关重要。本研究旨在建立颅骨形态基线数据并计算颅骨指数。在德拉敦 Shri Guru Ram Rai 医学与健康科学研究所的解剖学系测量了 100 个性别不明的干头骨。测量了头盖骨的长度和宽度，并计算了头盖骨指数。同时还对颅骨类型进行了分类。颅骨的平均长度为 190.90 毫米，平均宽度为 139.40 毫米。颅骨指数为 73.03。中颅（48%）和多颅（42%）头骨最为常见，而腕颅（8%）和超腕颅（2%）头骨较少见。这项研究提供了一个未知人群样本的颅骨形态测量基线数据。研究结果表明，中颅和多颅头形占主导地位。
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