İmam Gazalî’nin Tekfir Problemine İki Farklı Yaklaşımı

Abstract

The aim of this article is to examine in detail two different views of Ghazali about the takfir problem and to reval the contribution of the thinker has made to the science of Kalam in this regard. İn this context, Ghazali’s Works named Tehafütü’l Felasife and Faysalu’t- Tefrika were examined. When these two Works of Ghazali are discussed and examined, it turns out that two different Ghazali characters are encountered. The first of these is a Ghazali who defends and protects the idea of circumcision against other schools. He played a very effective role in his lifetime in order to dominate the idea of th people of circumcision and had an extreme understanding that takfired Islamic philosophers. We observe Ghazali’s second approach in his work called Faysalu’t- Tefrika, which reveals a completely different understanding from the disaster. İn this work, Ghazali followed a scientific method in the claims of truth of religions and sects rather than showing political views in the context of imitation, takfir and marginalization, and showed a very conciliatory attitude. İmam Ghazali, who is affiliated whith the Eşari school, emphasized that imitation is one of the reasons that lead the person to takfir. Imitationism, which leads people to perversion and is spread over a wide base, is a state of blind adherence to any view or religion without being able to fully undestand the cause. Due to this bigoted thought, many sects and movements were able to find supporters whose shock was tight to them. In this sect, the supporters, who are connected to the movements whith an algebraic apporoach, are unquestioningly connected to their belief and have heatedly defended their beliefs. This situation negatively affected Islamic society and caused today’s people to not analyze facts and events in the light of reason and science, but to act with a reductionist approach. Keywords: Ghazali, Tekfir, Tehafütü’ül Felasife, Faysalu’t- Tefrika.