NOAA's National Water Model: Advancing operational hydrology through continental-scale modeling

IF 2.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Journal of The American Water Resources Association Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI:10.1111/1752-1688.13184
Brian Cosgrove, David Gochis, Trey Flowers, Aubrey Dugger, Fred Ogden, Tom Graziano, Ed Clark, Ryan Cabell, Nick Casiday, Zhengtao Cui, Kelley Eicher, Greg Fall, Xia Feng, Katelyn Fitzgerald, Nels Frazier, Camaron George, Rich Gibbs, Liliana Hernandez, Donald Johnson, Ryan Jones, Logan Karsten, Henok Kefelegn, David Kitzmiller, Haksu Lee, Yuqiong Liu, Hassan Mashriqui, David Mattern, Alyssa McCluskey, James L. McCreight, Rachel McDaniel, Alemayehu Midekisa, Andy Newman, Linlin Pan, Cham Pham, Arezoo RafieeiNasab, Roy Rasmussen, Laura Read, Mehdi Rezaeianzadeh, Fernando Salas, Dina Sang, Kevin Sampson, Tim Schneider, Qi Shi, Gautam Sood, Andy Wood, Wanru Wu, David Yates, Wei Yu, Yongxin Zhang
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Abstract

The National Weather Service (NWS) Office of Water Prediction (OWP), in conjunction with the National Center for Atmospheric Research and the NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) implemented version 2.1 of the National Water Model (NWM) into operations in April of 2021. As with the initial version implemented in 2016, NWM v2.1 is an hourly cycling analysis and forecast system that provides streamflow guidance for millions of river reaches and other hydrologic information on high-resolution grids. The NWM provides complementary hydrologic guidance at current NWS river forecast locations and significantly expands guidance coverage and water budget information in underserved locations. It produces a full range of hydrologic fields, which can be leveraged by a broad cross section of stakeholders ranging from the emergency responder and water resource communities, to transportation, energy, recreation and agriculture interests, to other water-oriented applications in the government, academic and private sectors. Version 2.1 of the NWM represents the fifth major version upgrade and more than doubles simulation skill with respect to hourly streamflow correlation, Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency, and bias reduction, over its original inception in 2016. This paper will discuss the driving factors underpinning the creation of the NWM, provide a brief overview of the model configuration and performance, and discuss future efforts to improve NWM components and services.

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NOAA 的国家水模型:通过大陆尺度建模推进实用水文学
美国国家气象局(NWS)水预测办公室(OWP)与美国国家大气研究中心和美国国家气象局国家环境预测中心(NCEP)合作,于 2021 年 4 月将国家水模型(NWM)2.1 版投入运行。与 2016 年实施的初始版本一样,NWM v2.1 是一个每小时循环分析和预报系统,为数百万河流河段提供河水流量指导,并在高分辨率网格上提供其他水文信息。NWM 在当前的 NWS 河流预报地点提供补充性水文指导,并大大扩展了指导覆盖范围和服务不足地点的水量预算信息。该系统可生成全方位的水文领域信息,可被广泛的利益相关者利用,从应急响应和水资源社区,到交通、能源、娱乐和农业利益相关者,再到政府、学术界和私营部门的其他以水为导向的应用。NWM 2.1 版是第五次重大版本升级,与 2016 年最初的版本相比,它在每小时溪流相关性、纳什-苏克里夫效率和减少偏差方面的模拟技术提高了一倍多。本文将讨论创建 NWM 的驱动因素,简要介绍模型配置和性能,并讨论未来改进 NWM 组件和服务的努力。
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来源期刊
Journal of The American Water Resources Association
Journal of The American Water Resources Association 环境科学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
12.50%
发文量
100
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: JAWRA seeks to be the preeminent scholarly publication on multidisciplinary water resources issues. JAWRA papers present ideas derived from multiple disciplines woven together to give insight into a critical water issue, or are based primarily upon a single discipline with important applications to other disciplines. Papers often cover the topics of recent AWRA conferences such as riparian ecology, geographic information systems, adaptive management, and water policy. JAWRA authors present work within their disciplinary fields to a broader audience. Our Associate Editors and reviewers reflect this diversity to ensure a knowledgeable and fair review of a broad range of topics. We particularly encourage submissions of papers which impart a ''take home message'' our readers can use.
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