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Evaluation of reported and unreported water uses in various sectors of the Potomac basin for the year 2017 对波托马克河流域各行业 2017 年已报告和未报告用水量的评估
IF 2.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-07-28 DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.13223
Carlington W. Wallace, Heidi L. N. Moltz, Andrea Nagel, Stephanie Nummer, Karin R. Bencala

Water resource planners and managers in the Mid-Atlantic United States typically determine the sufficiency of water supplies to meet demand by comparing (1) water use as reported to the state by individual water users to (2) metrics of water availability calculated from observed water monitoring networks. This paper focuses on determining whether this means of measuring water use is sufficient for proactive and sustainable management of water resources. The Potomac basin study area illustrates the point that, while state-reported water use databases typically cover the largest individual water users, unreported water uses can cumulatively comprise a substantial portion of the overall water use. If left unaccounted for, the system is vulnerable to human demand exceeding supplies, with attendant detrimental effects to aquatic habitats and organisms, especially given the exacerbating effects of climate change on the variability of water supplies. Planners and managers are therefore encouraged to consider the full spectrum of water uses, regardless of state reporting requirements.

美国中大西洋地区的水资源规划者和管理者通常通过比较(1)各用水户向国家报告的用水量和(2)通过观测水监测网络计算出的可用水量指标来确定供水是否足以满足需求。本文的重点是确定这种用水测量方法是否足以对水资源进行前瞻性和可持续的管理。波托马克河流域研究区说明了一个问题,即虽然国家报告的用水数据库通常涵盖最大的单个用水户,但未报告的用水量累计起来可能占总用水量的很大一部分。如果不对用水量进行统计,系统很容易出现供不应求的情况,从而对水生生境和生物造成不利影响,特别是考虑到气候变化对供水变化的加剧影响。因此,我们鼓励规划者和管理者全面考虑用水问题,无论国家是否有报告要求。
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引用次数: 0
Rapid geomorphic assessment walkabouts as a tool for stream mitigation monitoring 作为溪流缓解监测工具的快速地貌评估徒步旅行
IF 2.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.13222
Jaime R. Goode, Robert J. Hawley, Robert H. Lewis, Bethany Mulhall

Monitoring of compensatory stream mitigation projects conventionally relies on spatially discrete geometric data and habitat assessments collected from representative reaches. Project success is evaluated by extrapolating site-scale metrics such as rapid bioassessment protocol (RBP) scores and time-series changes in width-to-depth ratios to adjacent reaches. For example, an excellent RBP score at one location is used to infer excellent habitat in nearby reaches. This paper compares spatially discrete and continuous monitoring data from 38 km of restored stream length on a stream mitigation project in central Kentucky to document how conventional site-level metrics may not represent conditions in adjacent reaches, particularly on projects plagued by post-construction geomorphic instability (e.g., headcut migration, propagation of bank erosion, and chute cutoff formation). Over a 5-year monitoring period, rapid visual assessment walkabouts documented project-scale geomorphic process trajectories that were not captured by conventional site-specific monitoring. Early detection of geomorphic instability from this rapid monitoring approach facilitated cost-effective and tailored adaptive management (e.g., planting of live stakes to arrest bank erosion). Full-census walkabouts can thereby help to improve mitigation credit valuation, enhance long-term habitat protection, and facilitate successful steam restoration outcomes.

对补偿性溪流缓解项目的监测通常依赖于从代表性河段收集的空间离散几何数据和生境评估。评估项目成功与否的方法是,将快速生物评估协议(RBP)得分和宽深比的时间序列变化等现场尺度指标推断到邻近河段。例如,如果某个地点的 RBP 得分很高,就可以推断出附近河段的栖息地很好。本文比较了肯塔基州中部一个溪流缓解项目中 38 公里恢复溪流长度的空间离散和连续监测数据,以记录传统的场地级指标如何可能无法代表邻近溪流的状况,尤其是在受施工后地貌不稳定性(如溪头迁移、河岸侵蚀扩展和滑道形成)困扰的项目中。在为期 5 年的监测期间,快速目测评估步行记录了项目规模的地貌过程轨迹,而这些轨迹是传统的特定地点监测无法捕捉到的。通过这种快速监测方法及早发现地貌的不稳定性,有助于进行具有成本效益的、有针对性的适应性管理(例如,种植活桩以阻止河岸侵蚀)。因此,全面普查徒步考察有助于提高缓解信用评估、加强长期栖息地保护并促进蒸汽恢复成果的成功。
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引用次数: 0
Hydrogeologic and hydrochemical inputs to emerging wetlands on the shores of the receding Salton Sea, California 对加利福尼亚州正在消退的萨尔顿海沿岸新兴湿地的水文地质和水化学影响
IF 2.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.13220
Barry Hibbs, Camila Bautista, Lillian Alwood, Margaret Drummond

The Salton Sea has experienced significant recession over the past two decades due to changes in the diversion of Colorado River water to the Salton Trough for agricultural irrigation. As a result, wetlands have emerged in some exposed playa areas along the Salton Sea, primarily in regions with extensive agricultural return flows and agricultural drainage. One notable wetland system, known as the Bombay Beach Wetlands, has formed on the north shore of the Salton Sea, in an area devoid of agriculture. In many other areas with limited or no agriculture, wetlands have failed to develop, leaving exposed playa surfaces as the Salton Sea recedes. These dry playa surfaces pose a significant threat to the health of local residents due to the presence of toxins contained in windblown dust associated with playa deposits. In this study, stable water isotope data, combined with other hydrological information, led to identification of two potential water sources for the Bombay Beach Wetlands. The first possibility proposes that thermal artesian waters alone contribute to the wetlands' water source, while the second hypothesis involves a combination of drainage from Salton Sea bank storage water mixing with the thermal artesian water. The thermal artesian water discharges into drainage channels that flow towards the Bombay Beach Wetlands, initially devoid of possible groundwater baseflow until reaching the wetlands. Studies were subsequently done along the full reach of the drainage channels receiving thermal artesian water. Dissolved solids content, P and N nutrients, arsenic, and stable water isotopes were tested synoptically along the drainage channels. Channel investigations led to the development of a novel model of salinization, which is linked to channel discharge, channel morphometrics, and channel incision.

由于将科罗拉多河水引入萨尔顿海沟进行农业灌溉的方式发生了变化,萨尔顿海在过去二十年间经历了严重的衰退。因此,萨尔顿海沿岸一些裸露的沙丘地区出现了湿地,主要是在有大量农业回流和农业排水的地区。其中一个著名的湿地系统,即孟买海滩湿地,已在没有农业的萨尔顿海北岸形成。在其他许多农业资源有限或没有农业资源的地区,湿地未能发展起来,随着萨尔顿海的退缩,留下了裸露的泥滩表面。由于风吹尘埃中含有与泥沙沉积物相关的毒素,这些干燥的泥沙表面对当地居民的健康构成了严重威胁。在这项研究中,稳定水同位素数据与其他水文信息相结合,确定了孟买海滩湿地的两个潜在水源。第一种可能是热自流水单独成为湿地的水源,而第二种假设则是萨尔顿海河岸储水的排水与热自流水混合。热自流水排入流向孟买海滩湿地的排水沟,在到达湿地之前,最初可能没有地下水基流。随后,研究人员沿着接受热自流水的整个排水渠道进行了研究。沿排水道对溶解固体含量、P 和 N 营养物质、砷以及稳定的水同位素进行了同步测试。通过渠道调查,建立了一个新的盐碱化模型,该模型与渠道排水量、渠道形态计量学和渠道侵蚀有关。
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引用次数: 0
Sources of seasonal water supply forecast uncertainty during snow drought in the Sierra Nevada 内华达山脉雪旱期间季节性供水预测不确定性的来源
IF 2.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.13221
Elijah N. Boardman, Carl E. Renshaw, Robert K. Shriver, Reggie Walters, Bruce McGurk, Thomas H. Painter, Jeffrey S. Deems, Kat J. Bormann, Gabriel M. Lewis, Evan N. Dethier, Adrian A. Harpold

Uncertainty attribution in water supply forecasting is crucial to improve forecast skill and increase confidence in seasonal water management planning. We develop a framework to quantify fractional forecast uncertainty and partition it between (1) snowpack quantification methods, (2) variability in post-forecast precipitation, and (3) runoff model errors. We demonstrate the uncertainty framework with statistical runoff models in the upper Tuolumne and Merced River basins (California, USA) using snow observations at two endmember spatial resolutions: a simple snow pillow index and full-catchment snow water equivalent (SWE) maps at 50 m resolution from the Airborne Snow Observatories. Bayesian forecast simulations demonstrate a nonlinear decrease in the skill of statistical water supply forecasts during warm snow droughts, when a low fraction of winter precipitation remains as SWE. Forecast skill similarly decreases during dry snow droughts, when winter precipitation is low. During a shift away from snow-dominance, the uncertainty of forecasts using snow pillow data increases about 1.9 times faster than analogous forecasts using full-catchment SWE maps in the study area. Replacing the snow pillow index with full-catchment SWE data reduces statistical forecast uncertainty by 39% on average across all tested climate conditions. Attributing water supply forecast uncertainty to reducible error sources reveals opportunities to improve forecast reliability in a warmer future climate.

供水预测中的不确定性归因对于提高预测技能和增强季节性水资源管理规划的信心至关重要。我们建立了一个框架来量化部分预报不确定性,并将其划分为:(1)积雪量量化方法;(2)预报后降水量的变化;(3)径流模型误差。我们利用两个末端成员空间分辨率的积雪观测数据,即简单的雪枕指数和机载积雪观测站提供的 50 米分辨率全流域雪水当量 (SWE) 地图,在图鲁姆河和默塞德河流域(美国加利福尼亚州)利用统计径流模型演示了不确定性框架。贝叶斯预测模拟表明,在暖雪干旱期间,当冬季降水中仍有较低比例的雪水当量时,统计供水预测的技能会出现非线性下降。在冬季降水量较低的干雪干旱期间,预测能力也会出现类似的下降。在研究区域,在雪主导地位逐渐消失的过程中,使用雪枕数据进行预测的不确定性增加速度是使用全流域 SWE 地图进行类似预测的 1.9 倍。在所有测试的气候条件下,用全流域 SWE 数据取代雪枕指数可将统计预测的不确定性平均降低 39%。将供水预测的不确定性归因于可减少的误差源,揭示了在未来气候变暖的情况下提高预测可靠性的机会。
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引用次数: 0
Streamflow response to drought in a managed coast redwood catchment 受管理的海岸红杉集水区的溪流对干旱的反应
IF 2.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-06-23 DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.13211
Elizabeth Keppeler, Joseph Wagenbrenner, Salli Dymond, David Dralle

A 60-year precipitation and streamflow record from the Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds in northern California was used to explore the propagation of meteorological drought to hydrological drought. Standardized precipitation and runoff indices were calculated for the two forested catchments using integration periods of 12, 24, and 36 months. The resulting time series were used to define three severe drought events (1976–1977, 2013–2014, and 2020–2022). The earliest drought followed the 1971–1973 harvest of the 417 ha South Fork (SF) watershed, a second followed the 1989–1992 harvest of the 479 ha North Fork watershed, and a third followed the 2017–2019 reentry harvest of the SF. From these time series, we calculated drought metrics and anomalies to model differences in catchment responses in the context of climate and management. The meteorological drought in the 1977 event was more severe and extreme than the streamflow response. Both of the 21st Century droughts were hydrologically more severe than the 1977 drought. Timber harvest initially shortened and reduced streamflow drought (1977 and 2021) but prolonged and intensified the 2014 streamflow drought. Declining fall precipitation has reduced streamflows, thereby impeding salmonid migration and exacerbating impacts on native fish. Our results provide new insights into the role of climate variation, particularly long-term and seasonal drought dynamics, in managed forests along the North American Pacific coast.

利用加利福尼亚州北部卡斯帕尔溪实验流域 60 年的降水和溪流记录,探讨了气象干旱向水文干旱的传播。利用 12、24 和 36 个月的整合期计算了两个森林集水区的标准化降水和径流指数。由此得出的时间序列被用来定义三次严重干旱事件(1976-1977 年、2013-2014 年和 2020-2022 年)。最早的干旱发生在 1971-1973 年 417 公顷南叉流域的采伐之后,第二次干旱发生在 1989-1992 年 479 公顷北叉流域的采伐之后,第三次干旱发生在 2017-2019 年南叉流域的重新采伐之后。根据这些时间序列,我们计算了干旱指标和异常值,以模拟在气候和管理背景下集水区反应的差异。1977 年事件中的气象干旱要比溪流反应更为严重和极端。21 世纪的两次干旱在水文上都比 1977 年的干旱更为严重。木材采伐最初缩短并减轻了溪流干旱(1977 年和 2021 年),但延长并加剧了 2014 年的溪流干旱。秋季降水量的减少导致溪流减少,从而阻碍了鲑鱼的洄游,加剧了对本地鱼类的影响。我们的研究结果为了解气候变异,特别是长期和季节性干旱动态在北美太平洋沿岸森林管理中的作用提供了新的视角。
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引用次数: 0
Optimizing placement of bioretention systems in the US Puget Sound region 优化美国普吉特海湾地区生物滞留系统的布局
IF 2.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.13219
Anish Mahat, Joan Q. Wu, Anand D. Jayakaran, M. Samrat Dahal, Robert P. Ewing

The Puget Sound Basin, US Pacific Northwest, is experiencing rapid population and urban growth. This growth adversely impacts local ecosystems, especially the spawning and rearing habitat for several salmonid species. Sustainable urban design strategies such as green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) are required in the region to manage stormwater onsite when new development occurs. However, the effectiveness of any GSI depends on its location relative to where stormwater is produced. This study aimed to develop a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based framework for the optimal placement of GSI, specifically bioretention systems. We computed the Hydrologic Sensitivity Index (λHSI, indicating runoff generation potential at a landscape location) for the lower Puyallup River Watershed study area. The index and federal and state feasibility criteria were used to identify suitable sites for bioretention systems. The suitability of identified sites was verified through ground-truthing, including soil sampling and infiltration testing. We found that 2.5% of the watershed area was suitable for bioretention, concentrated in the center and north of the study watershed. The method described in this study can be readily applied to watersheds for which spatial data (topography, soil, and land use) are available. We recommend choosing locations with high λHSI when resources are limited since these locations contribute most to runoff generation and urban flooding.

美国西北太平洋普吉特海湾盆地正经历着快速的人口和城市增长。这种增长对当地的生态系统,尤其是几种鲑鱼的产卵和繁殖栖息地造成了不利影响。该地区需要采用绿色雨水基础设施(GSI)等可持续城市设计策略,在新开发项目中对雨水进行现场管理。然而,任何 GSI 的有效性都取决于其与雨水产生地的相对位置。本研究旨在开发一个基于地理信息系统 (GIS) 的框架,用于优化 GSI(特别是生物滞留系统)的位置。我们计算了普亚卢普河下游流域研究区域的水文敏感性指数(λHSI,表示景观位置的径流生成潜力)。该指数以及联邦和州的可行性标准被用于确定生物滞留系统的合适地点。通过地面实况调查,包括土壤取样和渗透测试,验证了所确定地点的适宜性。我们发现,2.5% 的流域面积适合建造生物滞留系统,主要集中在研究流域的中部和北部。本研究中描述的方法可随时应用于已有空间数据(地形、土壤和土地利用)的流域。我们建议在资源有限的情况下选择高 λHSI 的地点,因为这些地点是产生径流和城市内涝的主要原因。
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引用次数: 0
Water use of co-occurring loblolly (Pinus taeda) and shortleaf (Pinus echinata) in a loblolly pine plantation in the Piedmont 皮德蒙特地区一个小叶松种植园中共生小叶松和短叶松的用水情况
IF 2.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.13218
Johnny Boggs, Ge Sun, Jean-Christophe Domec, Steve McNulty

Measuring water use in co-occurring loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) enhances our understanding of their competitive water use and aids in refining watershed water budget model parameters. This study was conducted in a 12-ha forested headwater catchment in the Piedmont of North Carolina, southeastern U.S., from 2018 to 2019 (pre-thinning) to 2020 (post-thinning). Sap flux density (J s), species-level transpiration (T s), and watershed-level transpiration (T w) were quantified. Water use efficiency (WUE) in loblolly and shortleaf pines was compared, alongside an investigation into how both species' J s and T s responded to atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Loblolly pine had 19%–36% higher J s than shortleaf pine. Daily T s for loblolly pine ranged from 15.0 to 29.0 L/day while T s in shortleaf pine ranged from 3.0 to 6.8 L/day. The T s was significantly higher in loblolly pine when compared to shortleaf pine likely due to higher canopy position and higher growth rates of the former. WUE, defined by annual tree biomass growth per tree water use, was not significantly different between the two. Daily J s and T s in both species responded nonlinearly to VPD, with loblolly pine being more sensitive and variable. Species-specific water use should be considered when quantifying T w and developing reliable models to predict the effects of forest management practices on water resources.

测量共生的龙柏(Pinus taeda L.)和短叶松(Pinus echinata Mill.)的用水量可加深我们对其竞争性用水的了解,并有助于完善流域水预算模型参数。本研究于 2018 年至 2019 年(疏伐前)至 2020 年(疏伐后)在美国东南部北卡罗来纳州皮德蒙特的一个 12 公顷的森林源头集水区进行。对树液通量密度(Js)、物种水平蒸腾作用(Ts)和流域水平蒸腾作用(Tw)进行了量化。对小叶松和短叶松的水分利用效率(WUE)进行了比较,同时还调查了两种松树的 Js 和 Ts 如何对大气蒸气压差(VPD)做出响应。小叶松的 Js 比短叶松高 19%-36%。小叶松的日 Ts 为 15.0 至 29.0 升/天,而短叶松的 Ts 为 3.0 至 6.8 升/天。小叶松的 Ts 明显高于短叶松,这可能是由于小叶松的树冠位置更高,生长速度更快。WUE(根据每棵树的年生物量增长和每棵树的用水量定义)在两者之间没有显著差异。两种树种的日 Js 和 Ts 对 VPD 都呈非线性反应,其中小叶松更为敏感且变化更大。在量化 Tw 和开发可靠模型以预测森林管理措施对水资源的影响时,应考虑树种的具体用水量。
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引用次数: 0
Development and evaluation of public-supply community water service area boundaries for the conterminous United States 美国本土公共供水社区供水服务区边界的开发与评估
IF 2.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-05-26 DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.13210
Cheryl A. Buchwald, Natalie A. Houston, Jana S. Stewart, Ayman H. Alzraiee, Richard G. Niswonger, Joshua D. Larsen

The water service area dataset, derived from the National Boundary Dataset for public-supply water systems in the United States, offers a detailed resolution surpassing county-level assessments, emphasizing water-centric land use. Crucial for linking populations and infrastructure to system withdrawals, it supports the creation of a national public-supply water-use model, enhancing accuracy in estimating water use and distinguishing between publicly supplied and self-supplied domestic water use. Integrating tabular water system data strengthens the national water-use model by enabling tracking of withdrawal locations, source water, and water quality. Evaluated against U.S. Census-derived population datasets, 16 state-provided water service area datasets, and two national land use datasets, the study covers 22,849 community water systems, excluding most small systems serving fewer than 1000 people. Robust correlations between water service areas (WSAs) and satellite-sourced urban and exurban land use types facilitate tracking changes over time. A comparison of state and national datasets for population and WSAs reveals discrepancies ranging from 5% to 73% in state-level populations and 0% to 167% in state-level WSAs. Significant differences can be attributed to the exclusion of sizable incorporated and unincorporated areas in the state-based datasets. Additional comparisons of major metropolitan areas exhibit differences ranging from 2% to 56%.

供水服务区数据集来自美国公共供水系统的国家边界数据集,其详细分辨率超过县级评估,强调以水为中心的土地利用。该数据对于将人口和基础设施与系统取水量联系起来至关重要,它支持创建一个国家公共供水用水模型,提高用水估算的准确性,并区分公共供水和自供生活用水。通过跟踪取水地点、水源水和水质,整合表格化的供水系统数据加强了国家用水模型。该研究根据美国人口普查得出的人口数据集、16 个州提供的供水服务区域数据集和两个国家土地利用数据集进行评估,涵盖了 22849 个社区供水系统,其中不包括大多数服务人口少于 1000 人的小型供水系统。供水服务区 (WSA) 与卫星来源的城市和郊区土地利用类型之间的强相关性有助于跟踪随时间推移发生的变化。通过比较各州和国家的人口数据集和 WSAs 数据集,可以发现各州人口数据集和 WSAs 数据集之间存在 5% 到 73% 的差异,而各州 WSAs 数据集和 WSAs 数据集之间存在 0% 到 167% 的差异。重大差异可归因于基于州的数据集中排除了相当大的建制区和未建制区。其他主要大都市地区的比较显示出 2% 至 56% 的差异。
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引用次数: 0
Hydro-modeling the ecosystem impact of wastewater reuse under climate change: A case study in upper Red River basin, Oklahoma 气候变化条件下废水回用对生态系统影响的水文模拟:俄克拉荷马州红河上游流域案例研究
IF 2.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.13208
Shang Gao, Zhi Li, Grant Graves, Hannah A. Mattes, Shadi Fathollahifard, Jason Vogel, Thomas M. Neeson, Keith Strevett, Yang Hong

Water reuse, as a viable option for water supply, must be implemented to minimize the adverse impacts on stream ecosystems that previously received this wastewater effluent. In the State of Oklahoma (OK), USA, local communities have implemented wastewater reuse, and many seek to expand the reuse programs. This study presents a hydro-modeling analysis based on the Coupled Routing and Excess STorage with VECtor routing (CREST-VEC) model focusing on the potential ecosystem impacts and societal benefits of wastewater reuse under climate change in the OK portion of the Red River basin. First, a CREST-VEC model is established for the upper Red River basin and validated against observed streamflow for a 30-year historical period (1990–2020). Based on the established model, we then assess the sensitivity of ecosystem impact to various climate change scenarios and hypothetical wastewater reuse scenarios. Results show that dominant effects of climate change cause the annual time below environmental flow to increase in the next 30 years, which constrains the room to implement wastewater reuse. However, at sub-catchment scale, the analyses identify viable locations for allocating wastewater reuse while maintaining ecosystem health. The results also reveal that wastewater reuse brings about the most societal water benefits at minimal cost of ecosystem health under representative concentration pathway (RCP) 2.6 followed by RCP 4.5 and then RCP 8.5. Overall, the study demonstrates capabilities of the hydro-modeling framework in developing water management plans facing the changing climate.

中水回用作为一种可行的供水选择,必须将其对之前接受废水排放的溪流生态系统的不利影响降至最低。在美国俄克拉荷马州(OK),当地社区已经实施了废水回用,许多社区还在寻求扩大回用计划。本研究基于 VECtor 路由耦合路由和过量贮存(CREST-VEC)模型进行了水文模型分析,重点研究了红河流域俄克拉荷马州部分地区在气候变化条件下废水回用对生态系统的潜在影响和社会效益。首先,我们为红河上游流域建立了 CREST-VEC 模型,并根据 30 年历史时期(1990-2020 年)的观测流量进行了验证。然后,根据建立的模型,我们评估了生态系统对各种气候变化情景和假设的废水再利用情景的敏感性。结果表明,气候变化的主要影响会导致未来 30 年每年低于环境流量的时间增加,从而限制了实施污水回用的空间。然而,在小流域范围内,分析确定了在保持生态系统健康的前提下分配废水回用的可行地点。结果还显示,在代表性浓度路径 (RCP) 2.6 下,废水回用以最小的生态系统健康代价带来了最大的社会用水效益,其次是 RCP 4.5,然后是 RCP 8.5。总之,这项研究展示了水文模型框架在制定面临气候变化的水资源管理计划方面的能力。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of a forested state park on stream nutrient concentrations in an agriculturally dominated watershed in the U.S. Midwest 州立森林公园对美国中西部以农业为主的流域中溪流营养物质浓度的影响
IF 2.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-05-05 DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.13207
Tessa Farthing, Eileen Rintsch, Owen Larson, Bartosz P. Grudzinski, Thomas J. Fisher, Jessica L. McCarty
<p>Agricultural land cover in the U.S. Midwest is a major source of nutrient pollution that has led to impairment of stream water quality. This study examines the impact of a forested state park on nutrient concentrations within an agriculturally dominated watershed. Water samples were collected over a 2-year study period from eight stream sampling sites along four creeks and processed for total nitrogen (TN), nitrate (<span></span><math> <semantics> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>NO</mi> <mn>3</mn> <mo>−</mo> </msubsup> <mo>-</mo> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </semantics> </math>), total phosphorus (TP), and orthophosphate (<span></span><math> <semantics> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>PO</mi> <mn>4</mn> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>-</mo> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> </semantics> </math>). Hydrology, channel morphology, and remotely sensed land cover and vegetation data were also collected and analyzed within the study area. Results indicate that water quality responses to a forested state park vary between TN, <span></span><math> <semantics> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>NO</mi> <mn>3</mn> <mo>−</mo> </msubsup> <mo>-</mo> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </semantics> </math>, TP, and <span></span><math> <semantics> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>PO</mi> <mn>4</mn> <mrow> <mn>3</mn>
美国中西部的农业用地是导致溪流水质恶化的主要营养污染源。本研究考察了一个州立森林公园对一个以农业为主的流域内营养物浓度的影响。在为期两年的研究期间,从四条溪流的八个溪流取样点采集了水样,并对水样进行了总氮(TN)、硝酸盐()、总磷(TP)和正磷酸盐()的检测。研究区域内还收集并分析了水文、河道形态以及遥感土地覆盖和植被数据。结果表明,森林州立公园的水质响应在 TN、TP 和正磷酸盐之间存在差异,水质变量受到流域和溪流特征的独特影响。最大的水质效益最常出现在两条最小的研究溪流中,这两条溪流在国家森林公园内的停留时间和流域面积比例最大。总体而言,水质改善最大的时期是溪流流量较低和河岸植被最绿的时期。这项研究结果表明,在以农业为主的流域内保护林区可以改善美国中西部地区的水质。针对排水量小、停留时间长的流域进行保护,可能最有利于改善水质。
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Journal of The American Water Resources Association
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