Breaking bad nucleotides: understanding the regulatory mechanisms of bacterial small alarmone hydrolases.

IF 14 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Trends in Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-22 DOI:10.1016/j.tim.2023.12.011
Adriana Chrenková, Francesco Bisiak, Ditlev E Brodersen
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Abstract

Guanosine tetra- and pentaphosphate nucleotides, (p)ppGpp, function as central secondary messengers and alarmones in bacterial cell biology, signalling a range of stress conditions, including nutrient starvation and exposure to cell-wall-targeting antibiotics, and are critical for survival. While activation of the stringent response and alarmone synthesis on starved ribosomes by members of the RSH (Rel) class of proteins is well understood, much less is known about how single-domain small alarmone synthetases (SASs) and their corresponding alarmone hydrolases, the small alarmone hydrolases (SAHs), are regulated and contribute to (p)ppGpp homeostasis. The substrate spectrum of these enzymes has recently been expanded to include hyperphosphorylated adenosine nucleotides, suggesting that they take part in a highly complex and interconnected signalling network. In this review, we provide an overview of our understanding of the SAHs and discuss their structure, function, regulation, and phylogeny.

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打破不良核苷酸:了解细菌小报警酮水解酶的调控机制。
四磷酸和五磷酸鸟苷核苷酸((p)ppGpp)是细菌细胞生物学中的核心次级信使和警报素,可发出一系列应激信号,包括营养饥饿和暴露于细胞壁靶向抗生素,对生存至关重要。虽然人们对 RSH(Rel)类蛋白激活严格反应和饥饿核糖体上的报警酮合成已经有了很好的了解,但对单链小报警酮合成酶(SAS)及其相应的报警酮水解酶--小报警酮水解酶(SAH)--如何调节和促进(pp)ppGpp 稳态却知之甚少。这些酶的底物谱最近已扩大到包括过磷酸化腺苷核苷酸,这表明它们参与了一个高度复杂和相互关联的信号网络。在这篇综述中,我们概述了我们对 SAHs 的了解,并讨论了它们的结构、功能、调控和系统发育。
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来源期刊
Trends in Microbiology
Trends in Microbiology 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
25.30
自引率
0.60%
发文量
193
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Trends in Microbiology serves as a comprehensive, multidisciplinary forum for discussing various aspects of microbiology, spanning cell biology, immunology, genetics, evolution, virology, bacteriology, protozoology, and mycology. In the rapidly evolving field of microbiology, technological advancements, especially in genome sequencing, impact prokaryote biology from pathogens to extremophiles, influencing developments in drugs, vaccines, and industrial enzyme research.
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