Trinity: High-Performance and Reliable Mobile Emulation through Graphics Projection

Abstract

Mobile emulation, which creates full-fledged software mobile devices on a physical PC/server, is pivotal to the mobile ecosystem. Unfortunately, existing mobile emulators perform poorly on graphics-intensive apps in terms of efficiency and compatibility. To address this, we introduce graphics projection, a novel graphics virtualization mechanism that adds a small-size projection space inside the guest memory, which processes graphics operations involving control contexts and resource handles without host interactions. While enhancing performance, the decoupled and asynchronous guest/host control flows introduced by graphics projection can significantly complicate emulators’ reliability issue diagnosis when faced with a variety of uncommon or non-standard app behaviors in the wild, hindering practical deployment in production. To overcome this drawback, we develop an automatic reliability issue analysis pipeline that distills the critical code paths across the guest and host control flows by runtime quarantine and state introspection. The resulting new Android emulator, dubbed Trinity, exhibits an average of 97% native hardware performance and 99.3% reliable app support, in some cases outperforming other emulators by more than an order of magnitude. It has been deployed in Huawei DevEco Studio, a major Android IDE with millions of developers.