Energy-aware Trajectory Optimization for UAV-mounted RIS and Full-duplex Relay

Dimitrios Tyrovolas, Nikos A. Mitsiou, Thomas G. Boufikos, Prodromos-Vasileios Mekikis, Sotiris A. Tegos, Panagiotis D. Diamantoulakis, Sotiris Ioannidis, Christos K. Liaskos, George K. Karagiannidis
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Abstract

In the evolving landscape of sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as transformative tools for dynamic and adaptive connectivity. However, dynamically adjusting their position to offer favorable communication channels introduces operational challenges in terms of energy consumption, especially when integrating advanced communication technologies like reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) and full-duplex relays (FDRs). To this end, by recognizing the pivotal role of UAV mobility, the paper introduces an energy-aware trajectory design for UAV-mounted RISs and UAV-mounted FDRs using the decode and forward (DF) protocol, aiming to maximize the network minimum rate and enhance user fairness, while taking into consideration the available on-board energy. Specifically, this work highlights their distinct energy consumption characteristics and their associated integration challenges by developing appropriate energy consumption models for both UAV-mounted RISs and FDRs that capture the intricate relationship between key factors such as weight, and their operational characteristics. Furthermore, a joint time-division multiple access (TDMA) user scheduling-UAV trajectory optimization problem is formulated, considering the power dynamics of both systems, while assuring that the UAV energy is not depleted mid-air. Finally, simulation results underscore the importance of energy considerations in determining the optimal trajectory and scheduling and provide insights into the performance comparison of UAV-mounted RISs and FDRs in UAV-assisted wireless networks.
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无人机安装 RIS 和全双工中继的能量感知轨迹优化
在不断发展的第六代(6G)无线网络中,无人飞行器(UAV)已成为动态和自适应连接的变革性工具。然而,动态调整其位置以提供有利的通信信道会带来能耗方面的操作挑战,尤其是在集成可重构智能表面(RIS)和全双工中继(FDR)等先进通信技术时。为此,本文认识到无人机移动性的关键作用,介绍了使用解码和转发(DF)协议为无人机安装的 RIS 和无人机安装的 FDR 进行能量感知轨迹设计的方法,旨在最大限度地提高网络最小速率并增强用户公平性,同时考虑到可用的机载能量。具体来说,这项工作通过为无人机安装的 RIS 和 FDR 建立合适的能耗模型,捕捉重量等关键因素与其运行特性之间错综复杂的关系,突出了它们不同的能耗特性及其相关的集成挑战。此外,考虑到两个系统的功率动态,还制定了一个联合时分多址(TDMA)用户调度-无人机轨迹优化问题,同时确保无人机的能量不会在空中耗尽。最后,仿真结果强调了能源因素在确定最佳轨迹和调度方面的重要性,并为无人机辅助无线网络中无人机安装的 RIS 和 FDR 的性能比较提供了深入见解。
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