Revisiting Open Defecation: Evidence from a Panel Survey in Rural North India, 2014-18.

Q3 Social Sciences Economic and Political Weekly Pub Date : 2020-05-23

Aashish Gupta, Nazar Khalid, Devashish Deshpande, Payal Hathi, Avani Kapur, Nikhil Srivastav, Sangita Vyas, Dean Spears, Diane Coffey

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Abstract

Since October 2014, the Government of India has worked towards the goal of eliminating open defecation by 2019 through the Swachh Bharat Mission. Since October 2014, the Government of India (GOI) has worked towards the goal of eliminating open defecation by 2019 through the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM). In 2014, several of the co-authors reported on a survey of rural sanitation behaviour in North India (Coffey et al 2014) conducted by the Research Institute for Compassionate Economics (r.i.c.e.). Different statistical methods produce slightly different numbers, but results from a wide range of approaches used concur that approximately 40% to 50% of rural people in these states defecated in the open in late 2018. The 2014 survey used a multistage sampling strategy to select households: first, districts were purposively selected to match the state-level trend in rural open defecation between the 2001 and 2011 Censuses; second, villages were randomly drawn using proportional-to-size sampling from a frame taken from the Government of India's District Level Health Survey; third, households were selected using an in-field randomisation technique similar to that used for Pratham's Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) survey.

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重新审视露天排便：2014-18年印度北部农村地区小组调查的证据。

自 2014 年 10 月以来，印度政府一直致力于通过 "印度清洁使命"（Swachh Bharat Mission）实现到 2019 年消除露天排便现象的目标。自 2014 年 10 月以来，印度政府（GOI）一直致力于通过 "印度卫生使命"（Swachh Bharat Mission，SBM）实现到 2019 年消除露天排便现象的目标。2014 年，几位合著者报告了仁慈经济研究所（Research Institute for Compassionate Economics，r.i.c.e.）在北印度开展的一项农村卫生行为调查（Coffey et al 2014）。不同的统计方法得出的数字略有不同，但所使用的多种方法得出的结果一致认为，2018 年末，这些邦约有 40% 至 50% 的农村人口在露天排便。2014 年的调查采用了多阶段抽样策略来选择住户：首先，有目的性地选择县，以匹配 2001 年至 2011 年人口普查期间各邦农村露天排便的趋势；其次，从印度政府县级健康调查的框架中采用按比例大小抽样的方法随机抽取村庄；第三，采用与 Pratham 的年度教育状况报告（ASER）调查类似的现场随机化技术选择住户。

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Economic and Political Weekly Social Sciences-Political Science and International Relations

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期刊介绍： The Economic and Political Weekly, published from Mumbai, is an Indian institution which enjoys a global reputation for excellence in independent scholarship and critical inquiry. First published in 1949 as the Economic Weekly and since 1966 as the Economic and Political Weekly, EPW, as the journal is popularly known, occupies a special place in the intellectual history of independent India. For more than five decades EPW has remained a unique forum that week after week has brought together academics, researchers, policy makers, independent thinkers, members of non-governmental organisations and political activists for debates straddling economics, politics, sociology, culture, the environment and numerous other disciplines.

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