Evolution of Negative Ion Composition near Hydrometeors in a Thundercloud

IF 0.9 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Plasma Physics Reports Pub Date : 2024-01-27 DOI:10.1134/s1063780x23601359
N. L. Aleksandrov, A. A. Ponomarev, A. A. Syssoev, D. I. Iudin
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Abstract

Recently, a new mechanism of the lightning discharge initiation in a thundercloud has been discussed. It is based on a noise-induced kinetic transition, which consists of an increase in the concentration of atmospheric ions in the intracloud environment under the impact of the stochastic electric field of charged and polarized hydrometeors (drops, snowflakes, graupel, hail). The source of noise is electric field bursts that occur during collisions or near collisions of hydrometeors and are accompanied by the streamerless corona discharge ignition. The key point in this scenario is the relay process, in which new ionization centers, when the corona discharge is ignited, arise against the background of spots of negative ion charge remaining from the spreading old centers. This leads to a gradual increase in the concentration of negative ions, which could serve as a source of free electrons with a new increase in the electric field. In this work, we theoretically study the possibility of electron detachment from negative ions formed in a streamerless negative corona near hydrometeors under thundercloud conditions. It is shown that in this case the dominant negative ions near corona hydrometeors are \({\text{O}}_{2}^{ - }{{({{{\text{H}}}_{2}}{\text{O}})}_{k}}\) and \({\text{O}}_{4}^{ - }\) cluster ions. It follows from the calculations that when a high electric field is applied, electrons are released not via direct detachment from cluster ions, but in multi-steps in a sequence reverse to that observed without a field during the formation of cluster ions. As a result, to detach electrons from ions like \({\text{O}}_{2}^{ - }{{({{{\text{H}}}_{2}}{\text{O}})}_{k}}\), fairly moderate pre-breakdown reduced electric fields are required at a level of 65 Td.

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雷云中水文流体附近负离子成分的演变
摘要 最近,人们讨论了雷云中闪电放电的新机制。该机制基于噪声诱发的动力学转变,即在带电和极化水介质(水滴、雪花、凝胶、冰雹)的随机电场影响下,云内环境中的大气离子浓度增加。噪声源是水介质碰撞或接近碰撞时发生的电场爆发,并伴随着无流线型电晕放电点火。这种情况的关键点在于中继过程,在这个过程中,电晕放电点燃后,新的电离中心在旧中心扩散后残留的负离子电荷点的背景下产生。这导致负离子浓度逐渐增加,随着电场的新增加,负离子可成为自由电子的来源。在这项工作中,我们从理论上研究了在雷云条件下,水介质附近的无流线型负电晕中形成的负离子电子脱离的可能性。研究表明,在这种情况下,电晕水球附近的主要负离子是\({\text{O}}_{2}^{ - }{({{text{H}}_{2}})}_{k}}\) 和\({text{O}}}_{4}^{ - }\) 簇离子。从计算结果可以看出,当施加高电场时,电子并不是直接从团簇离子中分离出来的,而是以多步骤的方式释放出来的,其顺序与在团簇离子形成过程中没有电场时观察到的顺序相反。因此,要从\({\text{O}}_{2}^{ - }{({{\text{H}}}_{2}}\{text{O}})}_{k}}\这样的离子中分离出电子,需要在 65 Td 的水平上施加相当适度的预分解还原电场。
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来源期刊
Plasma Physics Reports
Plasma Physics Reports 物理-物理:流体与等离子体
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
36.40%
发文量
104
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Plasma Physics Reports is a peer reviewed journal devoted to plasma physics. The journal covers the following topics: high-temperature plasma physics related to the problem of controlled nuclear fusion based on magnetic and inertial confinement; physics of cosmic plasma, including magnetosphere plasma, sun and stellar plasma, etc.; gas discharge plasma and plasma generated by laser and particle beams. The journal also publishes papers on such related topics as plasma electronics, generation of radiation in plasma, and plasma diagnostics. As well as other original communications, the journal publishes topical reviews and conference proceedings.
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