Plasma Physics Reports最新文献

英文中文

Application of Multi-Frequency Doppler Backscattering for Studying Edge Localized Modes at the Globus-M2 Tokamak 应用多频多普勒反向散射研究 Globus-M2 托卡马克的边缘局部模式

IF 1.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q4 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS

Plasma Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1134/s1063780x24600518

A. Yu. Tokarev, A. Yu. Yashin, A. M. Ponomarenko, V. K. Gusev, N. S. Zhiltsov, G. S. Kurskiev, V. B. Minaev, Yu. V. Petrov, N. V. Sakharov, V. V. Solokha, V. A. Velizhanin

Abstract

The high-confinement mode in tokamaks (H-mode) is characterized by high pressure gradients at plasma edge, which results in the appearance of edge localized modes (ELMs). They are studied at the Globus-M2 spherical tokamak too, where edge localized modes are observed mainly in regimes with neutral beam injection. One of the ways for studying ELMs is the use of the Doppler backscattering (DBS) diagnostics installed at Globus-M2. It makes possible to estimate the amplitude of plasma density fluctuations and measure the radial electric field E_r. In this work, the effect of edge localized modes on the E_r field is studied in the radial range 0.4 < ρ < 1.1. It is shown that during ELMs the electric field increases in the entire measurement range. This indicates that ELMs affect the inner plasma regions as well. This is not consistent with the general ideas concerning the peripheral localization of ELMs, but is confirmed experimentally not only at Globus-M2. In addition, the results for the regime with ELMs are compared with those for the regime with limit cycle oscillations (LCOs) and it is shown that during LCOs such effect is not observed.

摘要托卡马克中的高约束模式（H-模式）以等离子体边缘的高压力梯度为特征，这导致了边缘局部模式（ELMs）的出现。Globus-M2 球形托卡马克也对其进行了研究，主要是在中性束注入的情况下观测到边缘局部模。研究 ELM 的方法之一是使用安装在 Globus-M2 上的多普勒反向散射（DBS）诊断仪。它可以估算等离子体密度波动的幅度，并测量径向电场 Er。在这项工作中，研究了在 0.4 < ρ < 1.1 的径向范围内边缘局部模式对 Er 场的影响。结果表明，在 ELM 期间，电场在整个测量范围内都会增加。这表明 ELM 也会影响内部等离子体区域。这与有关 ELM 外围定位的一般观点不一致，但不仅在 Globus-M2 得到了实验证实。此外，还将 ELM 的测量结果与极限周期振荡（LCO）的测量结果进行了比较，结果表明，在极限周期振荡期间没有观察到这种影响。

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引用次数: 0

Increase in Power of Radiation and Specific Concentration of Energy of Plasma of the High-Current Z-Pinches due to Compression of the Cascade Wire Arrays Interacting via Magnetic Field 通过磁场相互作用的级联导线阵列压缩导致的大电流 Z 形针等离子体辐射功率和特定能量浓度的增加

IF 1.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q4 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS

Plasma Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1134/s1063780x24600580

G. S. Volkov, E. V. Grabovskii, A. N. Gritsuk, K. N. Mitrofanov, A. A. Rupasov, I. N. Frolov

Abstract

Experiments on compression of cascade tungsten wire arrays with reduced inductance at the final stage of pinching aimed at increasing the specific concentration of plasma energy of the high-current Z‑pinches were carried out. The experiments were conducted at the Angara-5-1 facility at load current of up to 4 MA. The highest radiation power per unit pinch length were obtained using the cascade wire arrays in which mass per unit length of the inner wire array with reduced inductance was in the range between 1 and 1.5 that of the outer wire array. The soft X-ray radiation power of P ~ 11 TW was obtained from the 1-cm-long pinch. The specific yield of the soft X-ray radiation was in the range of 130–140 kJ/cm. The total and specific powers of the pinch radiation obtained upon compression of the cascade load with reduced inductance exceeded the total and specific powers of the pinch radiation obtained by compression of a “standard” wire array with a length of 1.6 cm with the same parameters (7–8 TW and 5 TW/cm, respectively). The yield of the soft X-ray radiation did not change upon reduction in the length of the emitting pinch from 1.6 to 0.6 cm. The compression dynamics of such a load is indicative of an increased role played by the magnetic field of the current flowing in the inner cascade in interaction of the cascades. A variant of using interaction of the cascade-array shells via the magnetic field of the inner-cascade current as applied to the scheme of the statistical “hohlraum” with indirect irradiation of spherical targets is proposed. The scheme enables entrainment of part of the current by the inner wire array that confines the statistical “hohlraum.” In this case, interaction of cascades allows using nearly entire kinetic energy of the accelerated outer shell for generation of radiation in the statistical “hohlraum” by two forming near-electrode pinches.

摘要对级联钨丝阵列进行了压缩实验，在捏合的最后阶段降低了电感量，目的是提高大电流 Z 型捏合机的等离子体能量比浓度。实验在安加拉-5-1 设备上进行，负载电流高达 4 MA。使用级联导线阵列获得了最高的单位夹钳长度辐射功率，其中电感降低的内导线阵列的单位长度质量介于外导线阵列的 1 至 1.5 之间。从 1 厘米长的夹缝中获得了 P ~ 11 TW 的软 X 射线辐射功率。软 X 射线辐射的比产率在 130-140 kJ/cm 之间。在压缩电感降低的级联负载时获得的夹钳辐射总功率和比功率超过了在压缩相同参数下长度为 1.6 厘米的 "标准 "导线阵列时获得的夹钳辐射总功率和比功率（分别为 7-8 TW 和 5 TW/cm）。软 X 射线辐射的产量在发射夹钳长度从 1.6 厘米减小到 0.6 厘米时没有变化。这种负载的压缩动力学表明，内部级联中流动的电流磁场在级联相互作用中发挥了更大的作用。我们提出了一种通过内级联电流磁场实现级联阵列外壳相互作用的变体，这种变体适用于间接照射球形目标的统计 "hohlraum "方案。该方案通过限制统计 "hohlraum "的内导线阵列夹带部分电流。在这种情况下，级联的相互作用允许利用加速外壳的几乎全部动能，通过两个形成的近电极夹在统计 "虹室 "中产生辐射。

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引用次数: 0

Magnetosonic Solitary Waves 磁子孤波

IF 1.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q4 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS

Plasma Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1134/s1063780x24600555

A. M. Ignatov

Abstract

The set of equations is obtained that describes the nonlinear three-dimensional dynamics of magnetosonic waves. Plane solitary waves propagating at a small angle to the guiding magnetic field have been studied. Three-dimensional spatially localized waves have been qualitatively studied.

摘要获得了描述磁声波非线性三维动力学的方程组。研究了与导向磁场成小角度传播的平面孤波。对三维空间局部波进行了定性研究。

引用次数: 0

Physicochemical Activation of Distilled Water by a Jet of Microwave Plasma Argon in an Atmosphere of Water Vapor 微波等离子氩射流在水蒸气环境中对蒸馏水的物理化学活化作用

IF 1.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q4 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS

Plasma Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1134/s1063780x24600567

K. F. Sergeichev, N. A. Lukina

Abstract

A method for activating water by plasma of an electrodeless torch discharge in a microwave electromagnetic field in argon in an environment of water vapor, at atmospheric pressure, to obtain a pure solution of hydrogen peroxide H₂O₂ without impurities in distilled water is proposed. It is shown that the main mechanism for the formation of atomic hydrogen H^• and hydroxyl HO^• radicals in the water decomposition is photolysis under the influence of excimer vacuum ultraviolet radiation of argon plasma. Hydrated electrons can be an additional source of radicals in liquid water when the plasma torch comes into contact with the water surface. Today plasma technologies are widely used to produce activated water containing hydrogen peroxide, to solve environmental problems, to increase productivity in agriculture, and for medical use.

摘要提出了一种在水蒸气环境中，在大气压力下，通过氩气中的微波电磁场中的无极炬放电等离子体活化水，从而获得无杂质的纯蒸馏水过氧化氢 H2O2 溶液的方法。研究表明，水分解过程中原子氢 H- 和羟基 HO- 自由基形成的主要机理是在氩等离子体准分子真空紫外线辐射影响下的光解作用。当等离子体火炬与水表面接触时，水合电子可能成为液态水中自由基的另一个来源。如今，等离子体技术被广泛用于生产含有过氧化氢的活性水、解决环境问题、提高农业生产率以及医疗用途。

引用次数: 0

Comparison of Energy Transport in Plasma with ECR Heating on the L-2M Stellarator and T-10 Tokamak 等离子体中的能量传输与 L-2M 恒星器和 T-10 托卡马克上的 ECR 加热的比较

IF 1.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q4 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS

Plasma Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1134/s1063780x24600403

Yu. N. Dnestrovskij, A. V. Melnikov, S. E. Lysenko, A. I. Meshcheryakov, N. K. Kharchev, D. G. Vasilkov, S. E. Grebenshchikov, N. V. Kasyanova, S. V. Cherkasov, I. Yu. Vafin, L. G. Eliseev, D. Yu. Sychugov

Abstract

Plasma was heated at the second harmonic of electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) in the L-2M stellarator and the T-10 tokamak. The concept of equivalent tokamak and stellarator discharges was extended to the case of both full and partial absorption of EC power. Comparison of experimental electron temperature profiles with profiles calculated using the canonical profiles transport model allows us to estimate the efficiency of ECR heating in the L-2M discharges without suprathermal electrons, which distort the distribution function, preventing reliable measurements of temperature. The dependence of the ECR heating efficiency on the plasma density was obtained, describing experiments on the L-2M and TJ-II stellarators, and on the T-10 tokamak. The energy characteristics (the stored energy and the confinement time) for L-2M discharges were calculated. Predictions for ECR heating in the T-15MD tokamak are considered. The features of solving the ill-posed transport problem for the L-2M are discussed.

摘要在L-2M恒星器和T-10托卡马克中，等离子体在电子回旋共振（ECR）的二次谐波下被加热。等效托卡马克放电和恒星器放电的概念被扩展到全部和部分吸收电子回旋共振功率的情况。将实验电子温度曲线与使用典型曲线传输模型计算得出的曲线进行比较，可以估算出在没有超热电子的情况下，L-2M 放电中 ECR 加热的效率，因为超热电子会扭曲分布函数，从而阻碍温度的可靠测量。通过在 L-2M 和 TJ-II 恒星器以及 T-10 托卡马克上的实验，我们获得了 ECR 加热效率与等离子体密度的关系。计算了 L-2M 放电的能量特征（存储能量和约束时间）。对 T-15MD 托卡马克中的 ECR 加热进行了预测。讨论了解决 L-2M 不合常理的传输问题的特点。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of the Characteristics of a Pulsed UV Radiation Source Based on an Unlimited Short-Arc Discharge in Xenon 基于氙气中无限短弧放电的脉冲紫外线辐射源特性研究

IF 1.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q4 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS

Plasma Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1134/s1063780x24600440

S. V. Gavrish, S. G. Kireev, A. O. Potapenko, S. G. Shashkovsky

Abstract

The results of a study of a pulsed short-arc unlimited high-pressure xenon discharge as a source of UV radiation are presented. A theoretical analysis of the possibility of increasing the efficiency of xenon discharge radiation in the UV region of the spectrum is performed, the design of a three-electrode flash lamp is described, and the electrical, brightness and spectral characteristics of the source being developed are studied.

摘要介绍了将脉冲短弧无限高压氙放电作为紫外线辐射源的研究结果。对提高光谱紫外区氙放电辐射效率的可能性进行了理论分析，描述了三电极闪光灯的设计，并研究了正在开发的辐射源的电气、亮度和光谱特性。

引用次数: 0

Increasing the Efficiency of Plasma Mass Separation by Optimizing the Electric Potential 通过优化电势提高等离子体质量分离的效率

IF 1.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q4 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS

Plasma Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1134/s1063780x24600579

A. P. Oiler, R. A. Usmanov, N. N. Antonov, A. V. Gavrikov, V. P. Smirnov

Abstract

The effect of the spatial distribution of electric potential on the separating properties of the plasma mass separator that operates in a configuration with crossed radial electric and longitudinal magnetic fields is studied. The single-particle approximation is used to obtain analytical expressions that connect the electric potential distribution and the angular mass spectrum. A mathematical algorithm is described that allows one to recover the distribution of electric potential from the given shape of the mass spectrum. It is shown that the local inhomogeneity of the electric potential profile allows one to achieve the deposition of mass groups in the diametrically opposite regions of the separator. Data is presented that confirms the possibility of creating experimentally both the positive and the negative local inhomogeneity of the potential. The results of this work can be used to increase the efficiency of the process of plasma mass separation of ions of different elements.

摘要研究了等离子体质量分离器在径向电场和纵向磁场交叉配置下运行时，电势空间分布对其分离特性的影响。利用单粒子近似法获得了连接电势分布和角质量谱的分析表达式。研究还描述了一种数学算法，可以从给定的质量谱形状中恢复电势分布。结果表明，电势分布图的局部不均匀性使人们能够在分离器截然相反的区域实现质量群的沉积。所提供的数据证实了在实验中产生正负局部电势不均匀性的可能性。这项工作的成果可用于提高不同元素离子的等离子体质量分离过程的效率。

引用次数: 0

Effect of Multi-Frequency Excitation on Dust Particle Charging in Weakly Collisional Radio-Frequency Capacitive Discharge 多频激励对弱碰撞射频电容放电中尘埃粒子充电的影响

IF 1.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q4 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS

Plasma Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1134/s1063780x23601876

A. Missaoui, M. El Kaouini, H. Chatei

Abstract

A one-dimensional (1D) fluid model is developed to investigate the effect of multi-frequency excitation consisting of (N) consecutive harmonics on the charge of a single dust grain in a weakly collisional capacitively coupled plasma discharge. The spatial distributions of the electron density, the electrons temperature, and the charged particle flux are obtained and analyzed under the effects of the number of harmonics. It is shown that the number of harmonics considerably affects the discharge properties and the sheath thickness. In order to analyze the charge of an injected dust particle under the effect of different operating parameters, the model takes into account the electron and ion currents, as well as the effect of collisions between ions and neutral atoms. The results showed that as the number of harmonics increases, the particle charge increases in the powered sheath region while it decreases in the grounded sheath due to the electrical asymmetry effect. However, the charge remains constant in the central region where the electron temperature is constant. The present study further shows that the gas pressure and the driving frequency affect the dust charge oppositely, where an increase in pressure leads to a decrease in the dust charge, especially in the sheath regions, while the particle charge negatively increases as the driving frequency increases for all excitation waveforms.

摘要建立了一个一维流体模型来研究由连续谐波组成的多频激励对弱碰撞电容耦合等离子体放电中单个尘粒电荷的影响。在谐波次数的影响下，得到并分析了电子密度、电子温度和带电粒子通量的空间分布。结果表明，谐波数对放电特性和护套厚度有很大影响。为了分析在不同运行参数影响下注入尘埃粒子的电荷，模型考虑了电子和离子电流以及离子与中性原子碰撞的影响。结果表明，随着谐波次数的增加，粒子电荷在通电鞘区域增加，而在接地鞘区域由于电不对称效应而减少。然而，在电子温度恒定的中心区域，电荷保持不变。本研究进一步表明，气体压力和驱动频率对尘埃电荷的影响是相反的，压力的增加会导致尘埃电荷的减少，尤其是在鞘区，而在所有激励波形中，随着驱动频率的增加，粒子电荷会负增长。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of Gas Composition of a Cold Plasma Jet Generated on the Basis of Atmospheric Pressure Microwave Discharge 基于大气压微波放电产生的冷等离子体射流的气体成分分析

IF 1.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q4 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS

Plasma Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1134/s1063780x24600488

S. N. Antipov, M. Kh. Gadzhiev, M. V. Il’ichev, A. S. Tyuftyaev, A. V. Chistolinov, D. I. Yusupov

Abstract

Using chromatography, the gas composition in a cold plasma jet, which is a flowing afterglow of a microwave glow discharge at atmospheric pressure, is analyzed. The plasma jet is formed by the interaction of the discharge plasma with atmospheric air behind the outlet of the 6-electrode plasma torch, electrical power to which is supplied from the waveguide microwave (2.45 GHz) plasmatron. An analysis of the gas samples of the jet shows that when plasma-forming argon flows through the microwave discharge, hydrogen and methane are formed behind the discharge region, and the concentration of carbon monoxide increases by 5–6 times. The reactive oxygen species in the cold plasma jet is studied using liquid chromatography of an aqueous solution of isopropyl alcohol after treatment with the plasma jet. It is found that because of plasma treatment, partial oxidation of isopropyl alcohol to acetone occurs. This makes it possible to consider acetone as an indicator of reactive oxygen species (hydroxyl radicals, atomic oxygen and ozone) in a cold plasma jet.

摘要利用色谱法分析了冷等离子体射流中的气体成分，冷等离子体射流是大气压下微波辉光放电的流动余辉。等离子体射流是由放电等离子体与 6 电极等离子体炬出口后的大气空气相互作用形成的，其电源由波导微波（2.45 GHz）等离子体加速器提供。对射流气体样本的分析表明，当形成等离子体的氩气流经微波放电时，在放电区后面形成了氢气和甲烷，一氧化碳的浓度增加了 5-6 倍。利用等离子体射流处理异丙醇水溶液后的液相色谱法研究了冷等离子体射流中的活性氧。研究发现，由于等离子处理，异丙醇部分氧化成丙酮。因此，可以将丙酮视为冷等离子体射流中活性氧（羟基自由基、原子氧和臭氧）的指示剂。

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引用次数: 0

Kinetic Coefficients of Electrons in Weakly Ionized Plasma of Mixtures of Air with Water Vapor in a Strong Electric Field 强电场下空气与水蒸气混合物弱电离等离子体中电子的动力学系数

IF 1.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q4 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS

Plasma Physics Reports

Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1134/s1063780x24600476

I. V. Kochetov, N. L. Aleksandrov

Abstract

Using a numerical solution of the Boltzmann equation, the electron drift velocity, the coefficients of their longitudinal and transverse diffusion, as well as the ionization and dissociative attachment coefficients in weakly ionized plasma of mixtures of air with water vapor are calculated in a wide range of reduced electric fields (1–650 Td, 1 Td = 10^–17 V cm²) and mole fractions of water vapor (0–1). The calculation results are compared with new experimental data, and good agreement between them is obtained. It is shown that for all coefficients and the average electron energy, their dependence on the gas composition changes with increasing electric field. At low reduced fields, an increase in the content of H₂O water molecules in mixtures leads to a decrease in the transport coefficients and average electron energy, while the opposite trend is observed at high fields. It is shown that for the drift velocity and electron attachment coefficient there are electric fields, in which these coefficients in gas mixtures can be greater than the coefficients in dry air and water vapor. A qualitative explanation is given for the obtained dependences of the electron coefficients on the electric field and H₂O content in the mixtures.

摘要利用波尔兹曼方程的数值解法，计算了空气与水蒸气混合物弱电离等离子体中电子漂移速度、电子纵向和横向扩散系数，以及电离和离解附着系数，计算时电场降低的范围很宽（1-650 Td，1 Td = 10-17 V cm2），水蒸气的摩尔分数也很宽（0-1）。计算结果与新的实验数据进行了比较，两者之间获得了良好的一致性。结果表明，对于所有系数和平均电子能量，它们与气体成分的关系随着电场的增加而变化。在低还原电场下，混合物中 H2O 水分子含量的增加会导致传输系数和平均电子能量的降低，而在高电场下则出现相反的趋势。研究表明，在某些电场中，气体混合物中的漂移速度和电子附着系数可能大于干燥空气和水蒸气中的系数。对于电子系数与电场和混合物中 H2O 含量的关系，给出了定性的解释。

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