Statistical verification of autonomous system controllers under timing uncertainties

IF 1.4 4区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Real-Time Systems Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI:10.1007/s11241-023-09417-x
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Abstract

Software in autonomous systems like autonomous cars, robots or drones is often implemented on resource-constrained embedded systems with heterogeneous architectures. At the heart of such software are multiple feedback control loops, whose dynamics not only depend on the control strategy being used, but also on the timing behavior the control software experiences. But performing timing analysis for safety critical control software tasks, particularly on heterogeneous computing platforms, is challenging. Consequently, a number of recent papers have addressed the problem of stability analysis of feedback control loops in the presence of timing uncertainties (cf., deadline misses). In this paper, we address a different class of safety properties, viz., whether the system trajectory with timing uncertainties deviates too much from the nominal trajectory. Verifying such quantitative safety properties involves performing a reachability analysis that is computationally intractable, or is too conservative. To alleviate these problems we propose to provide statistical guarantees over the behavior of control systems with timing uncertainties. More specifically, we present a Bayesian hypothesis testing method that estimates deviations from a nominal or ideal behavior. We show that our analysis can provide, with high confidence, tighter estimates of the deviation from nominal behavior than using known reachability analysis methods. We also illustrate the scalability of our techniques by obtaining bounds in cases where reachability analysis fails, thereby establishing the practicality of our proposed method.

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时序不确定情况下自主系统控制器的统计验证
摘要 自动驾驶汽车、机器人或无人机等自主系统中的软件通常是在资源受限的嵌入式系统和异构架构上实现的。这些软件的核心是多个反馈控制回路,其动态变化不仅取决于所使用的控制策略,还取决于控制软件所经历的时序行为。但是,对安全关键控制软件任务进行时序分析,尤其是在异构计算平台上进行分析,具有很大的挑战性。因此,最近的一些论文探讨了存在时序不确定性时反馈控制环路的稳定性分析问题(参见最后期限错过)。在本文中,我们将讨论一类不同的安全特性,即存在时序不确定性的系统轨迹是否会过度偏离标称轨迹。验证这类定量安全特性需要进行可达性分析,而可达性分析在计算上难以实现,或者过于保守。为了缓解这些问题,我们建议为具有时序不确定性的控制系统行为提供统计保证。更具体地说,我们提出了一种贝叶斯假设检验方法,用于估算名义或理想行为的偏差。我们的分析表明,与使用已知的可达性分析方法相比,我们的分析能以高置信度提供对标称行为偏差更严格的估计。我们还通过在可达性分析失败的情况下获得界限来说明我们技术的可扩展性,从而确立了我们提出的方法的实用性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Real-Time Systems
Real-Time Systems 工程技术-计算机:理论方法
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
7.70%
发文量
15
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Papers published in Real-Time Systems cover, among others, the following topics: requirements engineering, specification and verification techniques, design methods and tools, programming languages, operating systems, scheduling algorithms, architecture, hardware and interfacing, dependability and safety, distributed and other novel architectures, wired and wireless communications, wireless sensor systems, distributed databases, artificial intelligence techniques, expert systems, and application case studies. Applications are found in command and control systems, process control, automated manufacturing, flight control, avionics, space avionics and defense systems, shipborne systems, vision and robotics, pervasive and ubiquitous computing, and in an abundance of embedded systems.
期刊最新文献
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