Role of Conventional and Novel Classes of Diuretics in Various Diseases

Abstract

Diuretics are advised as the initial course of action for hypertension because they are successful in lowering hypervolemia and resolving electrolyte abnormalities. The most popular diuretics are included with their main characteristics in this summary. The primary line of treatment for common cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases is diuretics. Patients with hypertension, oedema, heart failure, as well as a variety of renal disorders are frequently treated with conventional diuretics. The usage of the various types of diuretics that are now licensed for therapeutic use generally has a favourable risk/benefit ratio. Nevertheless, they are not without drawbacks. Pharmaceutical scientists have thus been working to develop new drugs with an enhanced pharmacological profile. SGLT2 inhibitors (sodium-glucose-linked cotransporter 2 inhibitors) have altered how hypoglycaemic medications are thought to affect heart failure. Despite the presence or absence of diabetes, the sodiumglucose-linked cotransporter subtype 2-inhibitor class, which was first developed as a therapy for T2DM (Type 2 Diabetes mellitus), has shown considerable promise in lowering cardiovascular risk, particularly in relation to heart failure (HF) outcomes. The immediate and substantial improvements observed in clinical studies do not appear to be attributable to the drug's fundamental mechanism, which involves inducing glycosuria and diuresis by blocking receptors in the renal nephron. Among patients with chronic heart failure and cirrhosis, hyponatremia is a risk factor for death.