Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.2174/0115748855312609240628110440
Nagma Shahin, Parag Jain, Ajazuddin, K. Nagori
Peptic ulcers, which damage the gastrointestinal tract lining, are a significant global health issue. The traditional approaches to treating peptic ulcers have poor bioavailability, unstable formulations, and undesirable side effects. Natural alkaloids have garnered increased interest as potential therapeutic agents in recent years due to their diverse pharmacological actions and decreased toxicity profiles. This manuscript summarizes recent progress in natural alkaloids for peptic ulcer treatment, highlighting new drug delivery methods. Natural alkaloids, originating from different plants, have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties, potentially accelerating the healing of peptic ulcers. Moreover, medicines don't always function properly because they degrade too fast, don't dissolve well, and have other problems, such as insufficient bioavailability. Creative liposome delivery systems, microspheres, nanocarriers, and other customized delivery strategies have shown promise in overcoming these barriers. By distributing the medication gradually and precisely, these innovative techniques improve the medication and effectiveness at the ulcer site. As a result, natural ingredients work better and provide better treatment results.
{"title":"Advancements in Natural Alkaloid-Loaded Drug Delivery Systems for Enhanced Peptic Ulcer Treatment: A Review","authors":"Nagma Shahin, Parag Jain, Ajazuddin, K. Nagori","doi":"10.2174/0115748855312609240628110440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855312609240628110440","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Peptic ulcers, which damage the gastrointestinal tract lining, are a significant global health\u0000issue. The traditional approaches to treating peptic ulcers have poor bioavailability, unstable formulations,\u0000and undesirable side effects. Natural alkaloids have garnered increased interest as potential\u0000therapeutic agents in recent years due to their diverse pharmacological actions and decreased toxicity\u0000profiles. This manuscript summarizes recent progress in natural alkaloids for peptic ulcer treatment,\u0000highlighting new drug delivery methods. Natural alkaloids, originating from different plants, have\u0000anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties, potentially accelerating the healing of\u0000peptic ulcers. Moreover, medicines don't always function properly because they degrade too fast,\u0000don't dissolve well, and have other problems, such as insufficient bioavailability. Creative liposome\u0000delivery systems, microspheres, nanocarriers, and other customized delivery strategies have shown\u0000promise in overcoming these barriers. By distributing the medication gradually and precisely, these\u0000innovative techniques improve the medication and effectiveness at the ulcer site. As a result, natural\u0000ingredients work better and provide better treatment results.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.2174/0115748855307754240711065309
Tanishk Thakur, Naresh Rana, Shruti Jain
A seizure is a sudden and uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain that can cause a variety of symptoms, depending on the location and severity of the abnormal activity. It can be a symptom of an underlying neurological disorder or can occur without an apparent cause. Epilepsy is one of the most common causes of seizures. Overactive electrical discharges disrupt normal brain electrical activity and interfere with nerve cell communication. A comprehensive analysis of the literature revealed that several CAD system designs have shown to be useful to radiologists in routine medical practice as second-opinion aids for epileptic seizure detection in circumstances where a clear differentiation cannot be formed subjectively. CAD systems are made to help radiologists by automating the examination of medical data and images, improving the efficiency and accuracy of diagnosis. These systems examine patterns in medical imaging using machine learning approaches, which can be quite helpful in spotting small abnormalities that the human eye can miss. Moreover, the objective of this study was to design a smart healthcare system using a combination of DWT, Hjorth, and statistical parameters for seizure detection. In this research article, the authors proposed the framework of the Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT) for performing seizure detection. The authors used different pre-processing techniques and extracted different features like Hjorth, wavelets, and statistics, which were classified using different machine-learning techniques. This novel methodology combines a number of technologies and techniques to improve seizure detection's precision and dependability. DWT + Hjorth + Statistical parameters with bior 1.5 as the pre-processing technique yielding the best outcomes. 86% accuracy was obtained with kNN for k = 5, 93% accuracy was obtained with a linear kernel for an SVM classifier, and 95.5% accuracy was obtained using a decision tree and logistic regression. The authors also considered another dataset for validation and received 96.83% accuracy with decision tree and logistic regression classifiers considering the bior1.5 wavelet filter as a preprocessing technique. The IoHT framework offers a multi-modal, adaptive method of seizure detection that enables the dynamic modification of detection parameters and the incorporation of extra sensor signals. This improves seizure detection's precision and dependability, which has important implications for patient care and monitoring. This work shows how IoHT and machine learning can be combined to build a reliable, real-time seizure detection system. These developments, which make it possible for prompt interventions and individualized treatment plans, can significantly improve the quality of care for individuals with epilepsy.
{"title":"Internet of Healthcare Things Based Detection of EEG Epileptic Seizures:\u0000A Smart System","authors":"Tanishk Thakur, Naresh Rana, Shruti Jain","doi":"10.2174/0115748855307754240711065309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855307754240711065309","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000A seizure is a sudden and uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain that\u0000can cause a variety of symptoms, depending on the location and severity of the abnormal activity. It\u0000can be a symptom of an underlying neurological disorder or can occur without an apparent cause.\u0000Epilepsy is one of the most common causes of seizures. Overactive electrical discharges disrupt normal brain electrical activity and interfere with nerve cell communication.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A comprehensive analysis of the literature revealed that several CAD system\u0000designs have shown to be useful to radiologists in routine medical practice as second-opinion aids for\u0000epileptic seizure detection in circumstances where a clear differentiation cannot be formed subjectively.\u0000CAD systems are made to help radiologists by automating the examination of medical data and images, improving the efficiency and accuracy of diagnosis. These systems examine patterns in medical\u0000imaging using machine learning approaches, which can be quite helpful in spotting small abnormalities that the human eye can miss. Moreover, the objective of this study was to design a smart\u0000healthcare system using a combination of DWT, Hjorth, and statistical parameters for seizure detection.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this research article, the authors proposed the framework of the Internet of Healthcare\u0000Things (IoHT) for performing seizure detection. The authors used different pre-processing techniques\u0000and extracted different features like Hjorth, wavelets, and statistics, which were classified using different machine-learning techniques. This novel methodology combines a number of technologies and\u0000techniques to improve seizure detection's precision and dependability.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000DWT + Hjorth + Statistical parameters with bior 1.5 as the pre-processing technique yielding\u0000the best outcomes. 86% accuracy was obtained with kNN for k = 5, 93% accuracy was obtained with\u0000a linear kernel for an SVM classifier, and 95.5% accuracy was obtained using a decision tree and\u0000logistic regression. The authors also considered another dataset for validation and received 96.83%\u0000accuracy with decision tree and logistic regression classifiers considering the bior1.5 wavelet filter\u0000as a preprocessing technique.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The IoHT framework offers a multi-modal, adaptive method of seizure detection that\u0000enables the dynamic modification of detection parameters and the incorporation of extra sensor signals. This improves seizure detection's precision and dependability, which has important implications\u0000for patient care and monitoring. This work shows how IoHT and machine learning can be combined\u0000to build a reliable, real-time seizure detection system. These developments, which make it possible\u0000for prompt interventions and individualized treatment plans, can significantly improve the quality of\u0000care for individuals with epilepsy.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.2174/0115748855310489240710114905
R. Pahwa, Neha Rao, R. Awasthi, Jasmine Sagwal, H. Dureja
Significant progress has been made in the field of gastroretentive drug delivery systems using natural polysaccharides. These improvements aim to improve the effectiveness and absorption of different medicinal agents. Pectin has received substantial attention in recent years due to its distinctive structural characteristics, abundant availability, biocompatibility, lack of toxicity, and wide range of applications. The global utilization of pectin in drug delivery systems has expanded significantly. Pectin is used to achieve flotation and mucoadhesive properties, which enhance gastric residence length and improve therapeutic effectiveness. The article aims to comprehensively examine the information on several pectin-based formulations for medication delivery that are designed to remain in the stomach for an extended period of time. Furthermore, this article emphasizes the diverse physicochemical and biological properties of pectin and modified pectin, as well as their prospective uses in numerous fields. This publication also presents the significant advantages, challenges, potential future developments, and patents on pectin-based gastroretentive drug delivery systems.
{"title":"Exploring the Potential of Pectin for Gastro Retentive Drug Delivery\u0000Systems: From Orchard to Drug Delivery","authors":"R. Pahwa, Neha Rao, R. Awasthi, Jasmine Sagwal, H. Dureja","doi":"10.2174/0115748855310489240710114905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855310489240710114905","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Significant progress has been made in the field of gastroretentive drug delivery systems\u0000using natural polysaccharides. These improvements aim to improve the effectiveness and absorption\u0000of different medicinal agents. Pectin has received substantial attention in recent years due to its distinctive structural characteristics, abundant availability, biocompatibility, lack of toxicity, and wide\u0000range of applications. The global utilization of pectin in drug delivery systems has expanded significantly. Pectin is used to achieve flotation and mucoadhesive properties, which enhance gastric residence length and improve therapeutic effectiveness. The article aims to comprehensively examine\u0000the information on several pectin-based formulations for medication delivery that are designed to\u0000remain in the stomach for an extended period of time. Furthermore, this article emphasizes the diverse\u0000physicochemical and biological properties of pectin and modified pectin, as well as their prospective\u0000uses in numerous fields. This publication also presents the significant advantages, challenges, potential future developments, and patents on pectin-based gastroretentive drug delivery systems.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping drug discovery and delivery in the pharmaceutical industry, fundamentally transforming traditional methods. In drug discovery, AI algorithms rapidly analyze vast biological and chemical datasets to identify potential drug candidates with unprecedented accuracy. Machine learning models predict compound efficacy and safety, accelerating earlystage drug development. AI also facilitates drug repurposing, uncovering new therapeutic uses for existing medications. At the drug delivery front, AI optimizes formulations and systems, enabling targeted and personalized approaches. Intelligent algorithms enhance the understanding of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, guiding the development of precision medicine strategies. This integration of AI not only expedites innovative drug discovery but also refines delivery mechanisms, promising more effective and tailored treatments with the potential to revolutionize patient care. The data-processing capabilities of AI drive digitalization and widespread utilization. Applications in drug discovery, development, repurposing, and clinical trials aim to alleviate human workload, expedite objectives, and foster innovation. Despite promising prospects, concerns about job displacement and stringent regulations accompany AI implementation. Emphasizing the intent to augment human labor rather than replace it entirely, the industry anticipates that AI will become a pivotal resource, propelling efficiency, innovation, and advancements in healthcare. This review emphasizes the role of AI in transforming drug discovery and delivery
{"title":"Revolutionizing Healthcare and Drug Discovery: The Impact of Artificial\u0000Intelligence on Pharmaceutical Development","authors":"Kumaran Chinnaiyan, Sruthi Laakshmi Mugundhan, Damodharan Narayanasamy, Mothilal Mohan","doi":"10.2174/0115748855313948240711043701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855313948240711043701","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping drug discovery and delivery in the pharmaceutical\u0000industry, fundamentally transforming traditional methods. In drug discovery, AI algorithms rapidly\u0000analyze vast biological and chemical datasets to identify potential drug candidates with unprecedented accuracy. Machine learning models predict compound efficacy and safety, accelerating earlystage drug development. AI also facilitates drug repurposing, uncovering new therapeutic uses for\u0000existing medications. At the drug delivery front, AI optimizes formulations and systems, enabling\u0000targeted and personalized approaches. Intelligent algorithms enhance the understanding of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, guiding the development of precision medicine strategies. This\u0000integration of AI not only expedites innovative drug discovery but also refines delivery mechanisms,\u0000promising more effective and tailored treatments with the potential to revolutionize patient care. The\u0000data-processing capabilities of AI drive digitalization and widespread utilization. Applications in drug\u0000discovery, development, repurposing, and clinical trials aim to alleviate human workload, expedite\u0000objectives, and foster innovation. Despite promising prospects, concerns about job displacement and\u0000stringent regulations accompany AI implementation. Emphasizing the intent to augment human labor\u0000rather than replace it entirely, the industry anticipates that AI will become a pivotal resource, propelling efficiency, innovation, and advancements in healthcare. This review emphasizes the role of AI\u0000in transforming drug discovery and delivery\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141820711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.2174/0115748855311212240708080536
Sinjini Datta, R. Pal, Y. Pal, Mnvl Chaitanya, Preeti Srivastava
The purpose of this study is to evaluate hyaluronic acid (HA), sometimes referred to as hyaluronan or hyaluronate, as well as its derivatives and how they are used in cosmetic formulations. N-acetylglucosamine and D-glucuronic acid are the two disaccharides that make up HA, a glycosaminoglycan that was first isolated from the vitreous humor of the eye and then found in other tissues and fluids, including the synovial fluid and articular cartilage. It is found in all vertebrates, including humans, and has a variety of roles in biological processes, such as wound healing, inflammation, cell differentiation, and embryological development. With its moisturizing and anti-aging properties, HA offers numerous advantages over other chemicals used in skin regeneration. The biological activity and skin penetration of HA are influenced by its molecular weight. The current study outlines the key elements of hyaluronic acid's usage in cosmetology, given its broad range of uses and applications in ophthalmology, arthrology, pneumology, rhinology, aesthetic medicine, cancer, nutrition, and cosmetics. There is a discussion of the biological impact of HA at the skin's level as well as any possible negative consequences. From the brand portfolios of the most well-known manufacturers, a few readily available cosmetic items containing HA have been discovered, and their composition has been assessed.
本研究的目的是评估透明质酸（HA），有时也称为透明质酸或玻尿酸，以及其衍生物和它们在化妆品配方中的使用情况。N-乙酰葡糖胺和D-葡糖酸是构成HA的两种二糖，HA是一种糖胺聚糖，最早从眼睛的玻璃体中分离出来，然后在滑液和关节软骨等其他组织和液体中发现。它存在于包括人类在内的所有脊椎动物体内，在伤口愈合、炎症、细胞分化和胚胎发育等生物过程中发挥着多种作用。HA 具有保湿和抗衰老的特性，与其他用于皮肤再生的化学物质相比，HA 具有众多优势。HA 的生物活性和皮肤渗透性受其分子量的影响。鉴于透明质酸在眼科、关节科、肺科、鼻科、美容医学、癌症、营养和化妆品等领域的广泛用途和应用，本研究概述了透明质酸在美容学中应用的关键要素。此外，还讨论了 HA 在皮肤层面的生物影响以及任何可能的负面影响。从最知名的制造商的品牌组合中，我们发现了一些含有 HA 的现成化妆品，并对其成分进行了评估。
{"title":"Unwinding the Multi-Perspectives of Hyaluronic Acid as a Potent\u0000Cosmeceutical","authors":"Sinjini Datta, R. Pal, Y. Pal, Mnvl Chaitanya, Preeti Srivastava","doi":"10.2174/0115748855311212240708080536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855311212240708080536","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The purpose of this study is to evaluate hyaluronic acid (HA), sometimes referred to as\u0000hyaluronan or hyaluronate, as well as its derivatives and how they are used in cosmetic formulations.\u0000N-acetylglucosamine and D-glucuronic acid are the two disaccharides that make up HA, a glycosaminoglycan that was first isolated from the vitreous humor of the eye and then found in other tissues\u0000and fluids, including the synovial fluid and articular cartilage. It is found in all vertebrates, including\u0000humans, and has a variety of roles in biological processes, such as wound healing, inflammation, cell\u0000differentiation, and embryological development. With its moisturizing and anti-aging properties, HA\u0000offers numerous advantages over other chemicals used in skin regeneration. The biological activity\u0000and skin penetration of HA are influenced by its molecular weight. The current study outlines the key\u0000elements of hyaluronic acid's usage in cosmetology, given its broad range of uses and applications in\u0000ophthalmology, arthrology, pneumology, rhinology, aesthetic medicine, cancer, nutrition, and cosmetics. There is a discussion of the biological impact of HA at the skin's level as well as any possible\u0000negative consequences. From the brand portfolios of the most well-known manufacturers, a few readily available cosmetic items containing HA have been discovered, and their composition has been\u0000assessed.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs) have emerged as a novel technology in the field of targeted delivery systems, offering promising solutions for site-specific disease treatment. These nanoparticles possess unique physicochemical properties, such as controlled size, shape, and surface chemistry, which enable precise manipulation for enhanced therapeutic efficacy. The biocompatibility and ease of functionalization of GNPs facilitate the conjugation with various biomolecules, including drugs, peptides, and nucleic acids, thereby improving their targeted delivery capabilities. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have leveraged GNPs for the treatment of a range of diseases, particularly in oncology, cardiology, and neurology. In cancer therapy, GNPs can be engineered to target tumor cells selectively, minimizing damage to healthy tissues and reducing side effects. This is achieved through the conjugation of GNPs with tumor-specific ligands, antibodies, or aptamers, which direct the nanoparticles to malignant cells, allowing for localized drug release and improved therapeutic outcomes. Moreover, GNPs exhibit remarkable potential in diagnostic imaging and photothermal therapy. Their unique optical properties, such as surface plasmon resonance, enable their use as contrast agents in imaging techniques, providing high-resolution and real-time monitoring of disease progression. In photothermal therapy, GNPs convert light energy into heat, effectively destroying targeted cells with minimal invasiveness. The development of GNP-based delivery systems also addresses significant challenges in drug resistance and bioavailability. By overcoming biological barriers and enhancing cellular uptake, GNPs improve the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of therapeutic agents. However, despite these advancements, the clinical translation of GNPs faces challenges such as potential toxicity, long-term stability, and regulatory hurdles. In conclusion, gold nanoparticles represent a cutting-edge approach in targeted delivery systems, offering significant potential for site-specific disease treatment. Continued research and innovation are essential to overcome existing challenges and fully realize the clinical applications of GNPs, ultimately revolutionizing precision medicine. Gold nanoparticles exhibit unique physicochemical and optical properties. The gold nanoparticles have advanced techniques to cure different chronic diseases. Today, gold nanoparticles are aided by photodynamic therapy and radiation therapy as drug carriers. Due to this, researchers now focus on medical sciences to treat various diseases and therapeutic applications. This review provides all the aspects of gold-based nanoparticles, methods, and their pharmacological benefits in different fields of medical sciences. We also discuss various preparation methods and their advantages in pharmaceutical formulations.
{"title":"Gold Nanoparticles: An Emerging Novel Technology for Targeted Delivery System for Site-Specific Diseases","authors":"Prevesh Kumar, Phool Chandra, Navneet Verma, Diksha, Aditya Sharma, M. Mani, Zaira Hussain","doi":"10.2174/0115748855314069240709091743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855314069240709091743","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs) have emerged as a novel technology in the field of targeted\u0000delivery systems, offering promising solutions for site-specific disease treatment. These nanoparticles\u0000possess unique physicochemical properties, such as controlled size, shape, and surface chemistry,\u0000which enable precise manipulation for enhanced therapeutic efficacy. The biocompatibility and ease\u0000of functionalization of GNPs facilitate the conjugation with various biomolecules, including drugs,\u0000peptides, and nucleic acids, thereby improving their targeted delivery capabilities. Recent advancements\u0000in nanotechnology have leveraged GNPs for the treatment of a range of diseases, particularly\u0000in oncology, cardiology, and neurology. In cancer therapy, GNPs can be engineered to target tumor\u0000cells selectively, minimizing damage to healthy tissues and reducing side effects. This is achieved\u0000through the conjugation of GNPs with tumor-specific ligands, antibodies, or aptamers, which direct\u0000the nanoparticles to malignant cells, allowing for localized drug release and improved therapeutic\u0000outcomes. Moreover, GNPs exhibit remarkable potential in diagnostic imaging and photothermal\u0000therapy. Their unique optical properties, such as surface plasmon resonance, enable their use as contrast\u0000agents in imaging techniques, providing high-resolution and real-time monitoring of disease\u0000progression. In photothermal therapy, GNPs convert light energy into heat, effectively destroying\u0000targeted cells with minimal invasiveness. The development of GNP-based delivery systems also addresses\u0000significant challenges in drug resistance and bioavailability. By overcoming biological barriers\u0000and enhancing cellular uptake, GNPs improve the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of\u0000therapeutic agents. However, despite these advancements, the clinical translation of GNPs faces challenges\u0000such as potential toxicity, long-term stability, and regulatory hurdles. In conclusion, gold nanoparticles\u0000represent a cutting-edge approach in targeted delivery systems, offering significant potential\u0000for site-specific disease treatment. Continued research and innovation are essential to overcome\u0000existing challenges and fully realize the clinical applications of GNPs, ultimately revolutionizing\u0000precision medicine.\u0000Gold nanoparticles exhibit unique physicochemical and optical properties. The gold nanoparticles\u0000have advanced techniques to cure different chronic diseases. Today, gold nanoparticles are aided by\u0000photodynamic therapy and radiation therapy as drug carriers. Due to this, researchers now focus on\u0000medical sciences to treat various diseases and therapeutic applications. This review provides all the\u0000aspects of gold-based nanoparticles, methods, and their pharmacological benefits in different fields\u0000of medical sciences. We also discuss various preparation methods and their advantages in pharmaceutical\u0000formulations.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141824765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.2174/0115748855310826240709062539
I. Najar, Sagar Pamu, S. Patyar, Geetha Madhira, Akhil Sharma, Sushma Devi, Khushi Lamba, Poonam Arora, Manish Kumar
This review focuses on how modern stress management incorporates Ayurvedic concepts, particularly rasayanas and adaptogens. In order to promote complete well-being, Ayurveda’s age-old holistic therapeutic method places an emphasis on mental, physical, and spiritual harmony. An imbalance of the basic bio-elements (doshas) that impacts one’s bodily and mental well-being is referred to as stress. Important components of stress treatment include rasayanas, which are reviving formulations, and adaptogens, which are herbs that boost stress tolerance. Liquorice root, Tulsi, Brahmi, Shatavari, Ashwagandha, and rasayanas like Amla and Chyawanprash constitute crucial adaptogens. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (a major regulator of stress response), antioxidant pathways, inflammation, and immune-mediated regulation are critically involved in the pathogenesis of stress, and all are immediately impacted by new mechanistic discoveries that lead to better alleviation of stress culminating in the initiation of a myriad of protective responses such as hepatoprotection, renoprotection, cardioprotection, and neuroprotection. Expert guidance is required to address safety issues, dosing recommendations, and specific considerations during pregnancy and nursing regarding the clinical use of these adaptogens and rasayanas. Integrating Ayurvedic concepts in modern healthcare meets problems such as standardization and quality control. However, Ayurveda’s holistic approach aligns with preventive and personalized healthcare trends. Collaborative efforts between Ayurvedic and conventional practitioners could lead to synergistic benefits. In this purview, research directions include identifying novel adaptogens, exploring mechanisms of action, and studying longterm effects and sustainability. Future studies must adopt evidence-based practices and consider Ayurveda’s individualized therapy approach. Integrating adaptogens and rasayanas in mainstream healthcare offers promising holistic strategies for stress management, aligning with the growing demand for natural and comprehensive wellness solutions.
{"title":"Stress Management Therapy through Adaptogens and Rasayanas in\u0000Ayurveda: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"I. Najar, Sagar Pamu, S. Patyar, Geetha Madhira, Akhil Sharma, Sushma Devi, Khushi Lamba, Poonam Arora, Manish Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0115748855310826240709062539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855310826240709062539","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This review focuses on how modern stress management incorporates Ayurvedic concepts,\u0000particularly rasayanas and adaptogens. In order to promote complete well-being, Ayurveda’s age-old\u0000holistic therapeutic method places an emphasis on mental, physical, and spiritual harmony. An imbalance of the basic bio-elements (doshas) that impacts one’s bodily and mental well-being is referred\u0000to as stress. Important components of stress treatment include rasayanas, which are reviving formulations, and adaptogens, which are herbs that boost stress tolerance. Liquorice root, Tulsi, Brahmi,\u0000Shatavari, Ashwagandha, and rasayanas like Amla and Chyawanprash constitute crucial adaptogens.\u0000The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (a major regulator of stress response), antioxidant pathways,\u0000inflammation, and immune-mediated regulation are critically involved in the pathogenesis of stress,\u0000and all are immediately impacted by new mechanistic discoveries that lead to better alleviation of\u0000stress culminating in the initiation of a myriad of protective responses such as hepatoprotection, renoprotection, cardioprotection, and neuroprotection. Expert guidance is required to address safety issues, dosing recommendations, and specific considerations during pregnancy and nursing regarding\u0000the clinical use of these adaptogens and rasayanas. Integrating Ayurvedic concepts in modern\u0000healthcare meets problems such as standardization and quality control. However, Ayurveda’s holistic\u0000approach aligns with preventive and personalized healthcare trends. Collaborative efforts between\u0000Ayurvedic and conventional practitioners could lead to synergistic benefits. In this purview, research\u0000directions include identifying novel adaptogens, exploring mechanisms of action, and studying longterm effects and sustainability. Future studies must adopt evidence-based practices and consider\u0000Ayurveda’s individualized therapy approach. Integrating adaptogens and rasayanas in mainstream\u0000healthcare offers promising holistic strategies for stress management, aligning with the growing demand for natural and comprehensive wellness solutions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141656994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), natural components of the extracellular matrix, exert significant influence over cellular function and regulate the microenvironment surrounding cells. This characteristic makes them promising targets for therapeutic intervention across a spectrum of diseases. In the realm of medical research, there has been a longstanding quest for precise and targeted drug delivery methods to mitigate adverse effects and enhance the efficacy of treatments for conditions, such as wounds, cancer, and organ disorders. However, implementing a systemic delivery approach, particularly for protein-based therapeutics, poses challenges. Addressing this challenge requires the development of biocompatible materials capable of efficiently encapsulating and releasing therapeutic proteins. GAGs emerge as promising candidates possessing these desirable attributes, given their bioderived nature and ability to modulate biological responses. Within the realm of GAGs, various linear polysaccharides exhibit diverse functionalities and payloads. Notably, hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) have been utilized as polysaccharide-based biomaterials for drug delivery, particularly in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Modified HA and CS can self-assemble into micelles or micellar nanoparticles (NPs), enabling precise and controlled drug delivery. This paper explores a range of NP formulations derived from HA and CS, including drug conjugates, polymers, small molecules, polyelectrolyte nanocomplexes (PECs), metals, and nanogels. The versatility of these NP formulations extends to various therapeutic applications, including cancer chemotherapy, gene therapy, photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), and immunotherapy. By harnessing the unique properties of HA and CS, these NP-based systems offer promising avenues for advancing therapeutic interventions in diverse clinical settings.
糖胺聚糖（GAGs）是细胞外基质的天然成分，对细胞功能有重大影响，并能调节细胞周围的微环境。这一特性使它们成为各种疾病的治疗干预目标。在医学研究领域，人们长期以来一直在寻求精确的靶向给药方法，以减轻不良反应，提高对伤口、癌症和器官疾病等疾病的治疗效果。然而，实施系统给药方法，尤其是基于蛋白质的治疗方法，是一项挑战。要应对这一挑战，就必须开发出能够有效封装和释放治疗蛋白的生物相容性材料。鉴于 GAGs 的生物来源性质和调节生物反应的能力，它们有望成为具有这些理想特性的候选材料。在 GAGs 领域，各种线性多糖具有不同的功能性和有效载荷。值得注意的是，透明质酸（HA）和硫酸软骨素（CS）已被用作基于多糖的生物材料，用于给药，特别是治疗类风湿性关节炎。改性后的 HA 和 CS 可自组装成小细胞或胶束纳米颗粒（NPs），从而实现精确、可控的药物输送。本论文探讨了一系列由 HA 和 CS 衍生的 NP 制剂，包括药物共轭物、聚合物、小分子、聚电解质纳米复合物 (PEC)、金属和纳米凝胶。这些 NP 制剂用途广泛，可用于各种治疗应用，包括癌症化疗、基因治疗、光热疗法 (PTT)、光动力疗法 (PDT)、声动力疗法 (SDT) 和免疫疗法。通过利用 HA 和 CS 的独特特性，这些基于 NP 的系统为在不同临床环境中推进治疗干预提供了前景广阔的途径。
{"title":"A Critical Review on Glycosaminoglycan Derived Polymers as a Novel\u0000Drug Delivery System in Tissue Engineering: Recent Advancement and\u0000Clinical Application","authors":"Abhishek Tripathi, Bharti Vaishnaw, Peeyush Jaishwal, Pradeep Samal, Amit Verma, Neelesh Singh","doi":"10.2174/0115748855299172240624070122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855299172240624070122","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), natural components of the extracellular matrix, exert significant influence over cellular function and regulate the microenvironment surrounding cells. This characteristic makes them promising targets for therapeutic intervention across a spectrum of diseases. In\u0000the realm of medical research, there has been a longstanding quest for precise and targeted drug delivery methods to mitigate adverse effects and enhance the efficacy of treatments for conditions, such\u0000as wounds, cancer, and organ disorders. However, implementing a systemic delivery approach, particularly for protein-based therapeutics, poses challenges. Addressing this challenge requires the development of biocompatible materials capable of efficiently encapsulating and releasing therapeutic\u0000proteins. GAGs emerge as promising candidates possessing these desirable attributes, given their bioderived nature and ability to modulate biological responses. Within the realm of GAGs, various linear\u0000polysaccharides exhibit diverse functionalities and payloads. Notably, hyaluronic acid (HA) and\u0000chondroitin sulfate (CS) have been utilized as polysaccharide-based biomaterials for drug delivery,\u0000particularly in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Modified HA and CS can self-assemble into\u0000micelles or micellar nanoparticles (NPs), enabling precise and controlled drug delivery. This paper\u0000explores a range of NP formulations derived from HA and CS, including drug conjugates, polymers,\u0000small molecules, polyelectrolyte nanocomplexes (PECs), metals, and nanogels. The versatility of\u0000these NP formulations extends to various therapeutic applications, including cancer chemotherapy,\u0000gene therapy, photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), sonodynamic therapy\u0000(SDT), and immunotherapy. By harnessing the unique properties of HA and CS, these NP-based\u0000systems offer promising avenues for advancing therapeutic interventions in diverse clinical settings.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral ischemia stands as a significant global cause of both mortality and morbidity among adults, ranking second in mortality rates. Neuroinflammation, a dynamic and intricate process, emerges rapidly after ischemia onset and persists for several days. This cascade begins with the activation of microglia and astrocytes, alongside immune cell infiltration, triggering the release of cytokines and initiating an inflammatory response within the brain. These events ultimately contribute to secondary brain injury, potentially expanding the area of damage beyond the initial affected region. This sustained inflammatory state contributes to blood-brain barrier disruption and cerebral edema, exacerbating neuronal damage and impeding neuroplasticity, ultimately worsening neurological deficits. However, the response of inflammation during ischemia is twofold, potentially offering benefits by clearing cellular debris and facilitating tissue regeneration. This review aims to dissect the roles of both novel and established pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators in cerebral ischemia, offering critical insights for the development of effective therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic strategies.
{"title":"Inflammatory Markers and Ischemic Stroke: Insights and Implications","authors":"Arun Dhaka, Geetika Mehta, Rashmi Tripathi, Monika Sachdeva","doi":"10.2174/0115748855313800240627051827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855313800240627051827","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Cerebral ischemia stands as a significant global cause of both mortality and morbidity\u0000among adults, ranking second in mortality rates. Neuroinflammation, a dynamic and intricate process,\u0000emerges rapidly after ischemia onset and persists for several days. This cascade begins with the activation of microglia and astrocytes, alongside immune cell infiltration, triggering the release of cytokines and initiating an inflammatory response within the brain. These events ultimately contribute to\u0000secondary brain injury, potentially expanding the area of damage beyond the initial affected region.\u0000This sustained inflammatory state contributes to blood-brain barrier disruption and cerebral edema,\u0000exacerbating neuronal damage and impeding neuroplasticity, ultimately worsening neurological deficits. However, the response of inflammation during ischemia is twofold, potentially offering benefits\u0000by clearing cellular debris and facilitating tissue regeneration. This review aims to dissect the roles\u0000of both novel and established pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators in cerebral ischemia, offering critical insights for the development of effective therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic\u0000strategies.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141667205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Currently, studies on various natural products that aid in wound healing have seen significant growth. Betulin and its derivative, betulinic acid, are triterpenes abundant in the leaves and barks of certain species, such as birch, which has been of particular interest. Clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated their ability to accelerate wound healing, as well as other properties such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory action, and anti-cancer properties, and beneficial effects on HIV, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disorders. However, further research focusing exclusively on betulin and betulinic acid is needed to better understand its therapeutic potential and develop new medications for effective management. These advancements could greatly enhance the treatment of wounds, skin lesions and other diseases, offering more effective and safer therapeutic options to improve the quality of life of the population.
{"title":"The Role of Betulin and its Derivative in Wound Healing and their Clinical\u0000Properties","authors":"Esteban Zavaleta‐Monestel, Jonathan García-Montero, Sebastián Arguedas‐Chacón, Carolina Rojas-Chinchilla, Ricardo Quesada-Villaseñor, Renato Murillo","doi":"10.2174/0115748855311705240530073557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855311705240530073557","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Currently, studies on various natural products that aid in wound healing have seen significant\u0000growth. Betulin and its derivative, betulinic acid, are triterpenes abundant in the leaves and barks\u0000of certain species, such as birch, which has been of particular interest. Clinical and preclinical studies\u0000have demonstrated their ability to accelerate wound healing, as well as other properties such as antimicrobial,\u0000anti-inflammatory action, and anti-cancer properties, and beneficial effects on HIV, diabetes\u0000mellitus, and cardiovascular disorders. However, further research focusing exclusively on betulin\u0000and betulinic acid is needed to better understand its therapeutic potential and develop new medications\u0000for effective management. These advancements could greatly enhance the treatment of\u0000wounds, skin lesions and other diseases, offering more effective and safer therapeutic options to improve\u0000the quality of life of the population.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141349386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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