The Association between Timing of Dietary Macronutrient and Sodium Consumption and Sleep Duration and Quality

V. A. Ansu Baidoo, S. Alexandria, Phyllis C Zee, Kristen L. Knutson
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Abstract

The objective of this study was to examine the association between the timing of dietary macronutrients and sodium intake and sleep quantity and quality This was a cross-sectional study that included 34 adults between 21 and 50 years of age. The main outcome measures were objective sleep measures assessed from 3 nights of wrist actigraphy including sleep duration, fragmentation, and wake after sleep onset (WASO), and one night of polysomnography (PSG), including rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, non-REM stage 2 (N2), stage 3 (N3), and WASO. Multiple linear regression models and linear mixed models were used to estimate the associations between sleep measures and dietary measures (carbohydrates, fats, saturated fats, proteins, and sodium). Dietary timing was examined in two ways: (1) the average amount of each nutrient consumed within three hours of sleep start, and (2) the interval between the final intake of each nutrient and sleep. Average fat intake within 3 hours of sleep was associated with greater WASO from PSG (β=4.48, p=0.01). No other associations were found between the macronutrients or sodium intake (p>0.05) within 3 hours of sleep and the sleep parameters from PSG or actigraphy. Similarly, no associations were found between any of the PSG or actigraphy sleep measures and the interval between final nutrient intakes and sleep with sleep duration. The study suggests that greater fat but not carbohydrate, protein, saturated fat, or sodium intake close to sleep may be associated with greater sleep disruption, however, no other associations were observed.
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膳食中摄入宏量营养素和钠的时间与睡眠时间和质量之间的关系
本研究旨在探讨膳食中宏量营养素和钠的摄入时间与睡眠数量和质量之间的关系。主要结果指标是通过 3 晚的腕动仪(包括睡眠持续时间、片段和睡眠开始后唤醒(WASO))和 1 晚的多导睡眠图(PSG)(包括快速眼动(REM)睡眠、非快速眼动第二阶段(N2)、第三阶段(N3)和 WASO)评估的客观睡眠指标。采用多元线性回归模型和线性混合模型来估计睡眠指标与饮食指标(碳水化合物、脂肪、饱和脂肪、蛋白质和钠)之间的关联。膳食时间通过两种方式进行检验:(1) 睡眠开始后三小时内摄入的每种营养素的平均量,以及 (2) 每种营养素的最终摄入量与睡眠之间的间隔时间。 睡眠开始后 3 小时内的平均脂肪摄入量与 PSG WASO 的增加有关(β=4.48,p=0.01)。在睡眠 3 小时内的宏量营养素或钠摄入量(p>0.05)与 PSG 或动图法得出的睡眠参数之间未发现其他关联。同样,也没有发现 PSG 或动图法的任何睡眠指标与最终营养素摄入量和睡眠之间的间隔时间以及睡眠持续时间之间有任何关联。 研究表明,临近睡眠时摄入更多的脂肪(而非碳水化合物、蛋白质、饱和脂肪或钠)可能与更大的睡眠干扰有关,但未观察到其他关联。
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