3D-CFD analysis of bedload transport in channel bifurcations

Abstract

The aim of this research was to numerically reproduce bedload transport processes in channel bifurcations and thereby evaluate the methodology and feasibility of 3D-computational fluid dynamics (CFD) bedload transport simulations. This was carried out by numerically replicating two physical model investigations of channel bifurcations: research conducted by Bulle in 1926 and a large-scale channel bifurcation investigated at the Kassel University hydraulic laboratory. The numerical results were evaluated by comparing bedload distributions in the channel areas, formations of bedload depositions and development of bedload over time. The numerical simulations of Bulle's model were conducted for different boundary conditions, numerical parameters, sediment grain sizes, flow rates, flow distributions on the two channel branches and for longer running simulations. The investigations of the Kassel University bifurcation were carried out for different sediment types, which influences the numerical parameters, as well as for different flow distributions and channel width/depth ratios. Finally, structures for deflection of bedload into the straight channel were investigated. The results showed that bedload movement can be successfully simulated with 3D-CFD models, even in complex hydraulic conditions. Based on the obtained results, important indicators and recommendations for the application of 3D-CFD bedload transport simulations were acquired.