Asymptomatic malaria infection and its associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia; a systematic review and meta-analysis

IF 2 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Parasite Epidemiology and Control Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00339

Gizachew Ambaw Kassie , Gedion Asnake Azeze , Amanuel Yosef Gebrekidan , Afework Alemu Lombebo , Getachew Asmare Adella , Kirubel Eshetu Haile , Getahun Dendir Welda , Amelework Gonfa Efa , Yordanos Sisay Asgedom

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Abstract

Background

Asymptomatic malaria during pregnancy is a significant public health concern in malaria-endemic regions, which worsens the various effects of malaria on the mother and fetus and increases maternal and neonatal mortality. To date, no meta-analysis has been conducted on asymptomatic malaria in pregnant women in Ethiopia. Thus, we aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of asymptomatic malaria and its associated factors in pregnant women in Ethiopia.

Methods

PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Cochrane, AJOL, and Ethiopian University repositories were systematically searched to identify studies reporting the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria infection among pregnant women in Ethiopia. A random effects model was used to perform the analysis. The heterogeneity of the studies was assessed with the I-squared tests, and subgroup analyses were performed to identify the sources of heterogeneity.

Results

Ten articles with 3277 study participants were included in this review. The pooled prevalence of asymptomatic malaria infection among pregnant women in Ethiopia was 7.03% (95% CI: 6.23–9.12); I² = 81.2%). In the species-specific pooled prevalence estimate, Plasmodium falciparum prevalence was 5.34% (95%CI: 3.38–7.3; I2 = 87.8%), and Plasmodium vivax prevalence was 1.69% (95%CI: 1.2–5; I2 = 91.5%).Not using insecticide-treated bed nets [OR = 7.36, 95% CI (2.75, 19.73)], being primi-gravida [OR = 1.86, 95% CI (1.23, 2.82)]; lack of health education about malaria prevention [OR = 6.86, 95% CI (2.90, 11.44)] were predictors of asymptomatic malaria infection during pregnancy.

Conclusion

This study revealed that asymptomatic malaria was prevalent among pregnant women in Ethiopia. This suggests that relying merely on reported symptoms may result in missed malaria cases. Therefore, regular screening and treatment protocols for malaria are recommended in antenatal care. It is also crucial to ensure that pregnant women have access to insecticide-treated bed nets and other effective malaria prevention measures.

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埃塞俄比亚孕妇中无症状疟疾感染及其相关因素；系统回顾和荟萃分析

背景在疟疾流行地区，孕期无症状疟疾是一个重大的公共卫生问题，它会加重疟疾对母亲和胎儿的各种影响，增加孕产妇和新生儿死亡率。迄今为止，尚未对埃塞俄比亚孕妇的无症状疟疾进行过元分析。因此，我们旨在估算埃塞俄比亚孕妇无症状疟疾的总体流行率及其相关因素。方法系统搜索了PubMed/Medline、Google Scholar、Web of Science、Cochrane、AJOL和埃塞俄比亚大学资料库，以确定报告埃塞俄比亚孕妇无症状疟疾感染流行率的研究。分析采用随机效应模型。研究的异质性通过 I 平方检验进行评估，并进行了亚组分析以确定异质性的来源。埃塞俄比亚孕妇无症状疟疾感染的汇总流行率为 7.03%（95% CI：6.23-9.12）；I2 = 81.2%）。不使用驱虫蚊帐[OR = 7.36, 95% CI (2.75, 19.73)]、初产妇[OR = 1.86，95% CI (1.23, 2.82)]；缺乏预防疟疾的健康教育[OR = 6.86，95% CI (2.90, 11.44)]是孕期无症状疟疾感染的预测因素。这表明，仅仅依靠报告症状可能会导致疟疾病例的漏诊。因此，建议在产前护理中定期筛查和治疗疟疾。确保孕妇能够获得驱虫蚊帐和其他有效的疟疾预防措施也至关重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Parasite Epidemiology and Control Medicine-Infectious Diseases

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

3.10%

发文量

审稿时长

17 weeks

期刊介绍： Parasite Epidemiology and Control is an Open Access journal. There is an increasing amount of research in the parasitology area that analyses the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. This epidemiology of parasite infectious diseases is predominantly studied in human populations but also spans other major hosts of parasitic infections and as such this journal will have a broad remit. We will focus on the major areas of epidemiological study including disease etiology, disease surveillance, drug resistance and geographical spread and screening, biomonitoring, and comparisons of treatment effects in clinical trials for both human and other animals. We will also look at the epidemiology and control of vector insects. The journal will also cover the use of geographic information systems (Epi-GIS) for epidemiological surveillance which is a rapidly growing area of research in infectious diseases. Molecular epidemiological approaches are also particularly encouraged.