Potential Role of Bmal1 in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depression-Like Behavior and its Associated

IF 5.2 3区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI:10.1007/s11481-024-10103-3
Dan-Dan Xu, Zhi-Qi Hou, Ya-Yun Xu, Jun Liang, Ye-Jun Gao, Chen Zhang, Fan Guo, Dan-Dan Huang, Jin-Fang Ge, Qing-Rong Xia
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Abstract

Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of depression; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Apart from the disordered circadian rhythm in animal models and patients with depression, dysfunction of clock genes has been reported to be involved with the progress of inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the role of circadian clock genes, especially brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (Bmal1), in the linkage between inflammation and depression. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged rats and BV2 cells were used in the present study. Four intraperitoneal LPS injections of 0.5 mg/kg were administered once every other day to the rats, and BV2 cells were challenged with LPS for 24 h at the working concentration of 1 mg/L, with or without the suppression of Bmal1 via small interfering RNA. The results showed that LPS could successfully induce depression-like behaviors and an “inflammatory storm” in rats, as indicated by the increased immobility time in the forced swimming test and the decreased saccharin preference index in the saccharin preference test, together with hyperactivity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, hyperactivation of astrocyte and microglia, and increased peripheral and central abundance of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, and C-reactive protein. Moreover, the protein expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1, Copine6, and Synaptotagmin1 (Syt-1) decreased in the hippocampus and hypothalamus, whereas the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 increased. Interestingly, the fluctuation of temperature and serum concentration of melatonin and corticosterone was significantly different between the groups. Furthermore, protein expression levels of the circadian locomotor output cycles kaput, cryptochrome 2, and period 2 was significantly reduced in the hippocampus of LPS-challenged rats, whereas Bmal1 expression was significantly increased in the hippocampus but decreased in the hypothalamus, where it was co-located with neurons, microglia, and astrocytes. Consistently, apart from the reduced cell viability and increased phagocytic ability, LPS-challenged BV2 cells presented a similar trend with the changed protein expression in the hippocampus of the LPS model rats. However, the pathological changes in BV2 cells induced by LPS were reversed after the suppression of Bmal1. These results indicated that LPS could induce depression-like pathological changes, and the underlying mechanism might be partly associated with the imbalanced expression of Bmal1 and its regulated dysfunction of the circadian rhythm.

Graphical Abstract

Conclusions In conclusion, our results indicated that LPS could induce depression-like behaviors and an “inflammatory storm” in vivo, activate microglia in vitro, together with a disruption of synaptic plasticity and circadian rhythm. This mechanism may be involved in the imbalanced expression of Bmal1. Our results can help uncover a novel clock-immunological mechanism of neuroinflammation-induced depression and shed light on the development of new effective pharmacotherapies for depression

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Bmal1在脂多糖诱发的抑郁样行为及其相关行为中的潜在作用
炎症在抑郁症的发病机制中起着重要作用,但其潜在机制仍不清楚。除了动物模型和抑郁症患者的昼夜节律紊乱外,有报道称时钟基因的功能障碍与炎症的进展有关。本研究旨在探讨昼夜节律时钟基因,尤其是脑和肌肉ARNT样1(Bmal1)在炎症与抑郁症之间的联系中的作用。本研究使用了受到脂多糖(LPS)挑战的大鼠和 BV2 细胞。大鼠腹腔注射四次0.5毫克/千克的LPS,每隔一天注射一次;BV2细胞在工作浓度为1毫克/升的LPS作用下接受24小时的挑战,无论是否通过小干扰RNA抑制Bmal1。结果表明,LPS能成功诱导大鼠出现抑郁样行为和 "炎症风暴",表现为强迫游泳试验中大鼠不动时间延长,糖精偏好试验中大鼠糖精偏好指数下降,下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴亢进,星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞亢进,肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素6和C反应蛋白的外周和中枢含量增加。此外,海马和下丘脑中脑源性神经营养因子、髓样细胞上表达的触发受体1、Copine6和Synaptotagmin1(Syt-1)的蛋白表达水平降低,而髓样细胞上表达的触发受体2的表达水平升高。有趣的是,体温波动以及血清中褪黑激素和皮质酮的浓度在各组间存在显著差异。此外,昼夜节律运动输出周期 kaput、隐色素 2 和周期 2 的蛋白表达水平在 LPS 攻击大鼠的海马中明显降低,而 Bmal1 在海马中的表达明显增加,但在下丘脑中却有所降低,在下丘脑中,Bmal1 与神经元、小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞共位。一致的是,除了细胞活力降低和吞噬能力增强外,LPS 挑战的 BV2 细胞与 LPS 模型大鼠海马中蛋白质表达的变化趋势相似。然而,在抑制Bmal1后,LPS诱导的BV2细胞病理变化被逆转。这些结果表明,LPS可诱导抑郁样病理变化,其潜在机制可能部分与Bmal1表达失衡及其调控的昼夜节律失调有关。这一机制可能与 Bmal1 的不平衡表达有关。我们的研究结果有助于揭示神经炎症诱导抑郁症的时钟-免疫学新机制,并为开发新的有效的抑郁症药物疗法提供启示。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
13.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
18
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The aims of the Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology are to promote the dissemination, interest, and exchange of new and important discoveries for the pharmacology and immunology of the nervous system. The aims parallel that of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology by increasing the fundamental understanding of neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders affected by the immune system or vice versa and towards pharmacologic measures that lead, either to a better understanding of disease mechanisms, or by improving disease outcomes. The scope of JNIP includes all primary works and reviews into the etiology, prevention, and treatment of neuroimmune and nervous system diseases affected by disordered immunity. Original studies serving to define neuroimmune modulation of environmental or endogenous cues such as toxins and drugs of abuse, hormones, and cytokines are welcome. JNIP will serve as a reliable source of interdisciplinary information bridging the fields of pharmacology, immunology, and neuroscience.
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