Invasion of Pieris mannii butterflies across Central Europe facilitated by urbanization

IF 2.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Urban Ecosystems Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI:10.1007/s11252-024-01507-3

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Abstract

Urbanization progresses world-wide and the frequency of biological invasions increases. Understanding to what extent urban environments facilitate biological invasions and how this affects ecosystems within and outside urbanized areas thus becomes crucial. We here examine the role of urban environments in the invasion of the butterfly Pieris mannii that expanded across Central Europe within the last two decades. Using standardized butterfly captures at paired urban and (semi)natural field sites within the invaded range in Switzerland, we demonstrate that P. mannii is strongly associated with cities and towns. At least in some urban localities, this species is now the most common butterfly, and densities tend to be particularly high where urban areas are large. Because urban habitats commonly provide non-native host plants and perhaps also the physical structure and microclimate suitable to this butterfly, urbanization has clearly promoted the species’ rapid invasion. Studying phenology over an entire season, we further infer that P. mannii has up to six generations per year, which may allow the species to adjust its life cycle to changing season length during northward expansion. Overall, our study demonstrates how preadaptation to urbanized environments in a relatively specialized insect increases urban biodiversity on a large geographic scale.

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城市化促进了西番莲蝶对中欧的入侵

摘要城市化在全球范围内不断推进，生物入侵的频率也随之增加。因此，了解城市环境在多大程度上促进了生物入侵，以及这对城市化地区内外的生态系统有何影响变得至关重要。在此，我们研究了城市环境在过去二十年间扩展到中欧的蝴蝶 Pieris mannii 入侵中所扮演的角色。通过在瑞士被入侵地区的城市和（半）自然野外地点进行标准化蝴蝶捕捉，我们证明曼氏皮氏蝶与城市和乡镇密切相关。至少在一些城市地区，该物种现在是最常见的蝴蝶，而且在城市面积较大的地方，该物种的密度往往特别高。由于城市栖息地通常提供非本地寄主植物，也许还提供适合这种蝴蝶的物理结构和小气候，城市化显然促进了该物种的快速入侵。通过对整个季节的物候学研究，我们进一步推断，甘露蝶每年最多可繁殖六代，这可能使该物种在向北扩张的过程中能够调整其生命周期，以适应季节长度的变化。总之，我们的研究证明了一种相对特化的昆虫如何预先适应城市化环境，从而在大地理范围内增加城市生物多样性。

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来源期刊

Urban Ecosystems BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION-ECOLOGY

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

6.90%

发文量

113

期刊介绍： Urban Ecosystems is an international journal devoted to scientific investigations of urban environments and the relationships between socioeconomic and ecological structures and processes in urban environments. The scope of the journal is broad, including interactions between urban ecosystems and associated suburban and rural environments. Contributions may span a range of specific subject areas as they may apply to urban environments: biodiversity, biogeochemistry, conservation biology, wildlife and fisheries management, ecosystem ecology, ecosystem services, environmental chemistry, hydrology, landscape architecture, meteorology and climate, policy, population biology, social and human ecology, soil science, and urban planning.