Antiviral factors and their counteraction by HIV-1: many uncovered and more to be discovered.

IF 5.3 2区 生物学 Q2 CELL BIOLOGY Journal of Molecular Cell Biology Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI:10.1093/jmcb/mjae005
Dorota Kmiec, Frank Kirchhoff
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Abstract

Extensive studies on HIV-1 have led to the discovery of a variety of structurally and functionally diverse innate defense factors that target various steps of the retroviral replication cycle. Some of them, such as APOBEC3, tetherin, and SERINC5, are well established. Their importance is evident from the fact that HIV-1 uses its accessory proteins Vif, Vpu, and Nef to counteract them. However, the list of antiviral factors is constantly increasing, and accumulating evidence suggests that innate defense mechanisms, which restrict HIV-1 and/or are counteracted by viral proteins, remain to be discovered. These antiviral factors are relevant to diseases other than HIV/AIDS, since they are commonly active against various viral pathogens. In this review, we provide an overview of recently reported antiretroviral factors and viral countermeasures, present the evidence suggesting that more innate defense mechanisms remain to be discovered, and discuss why this is a challenging but rewarding task.

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抗病毒因子及其对 HIV-1 的反作用:发现了许多,还有更多有待发现。
对 HIV-1 的广泛研究发现了多种结构和功能各异的先天防御因子,这些因子针对逆转录病毒复制周期的各个步骤。其中一些因子,如 APOBEC3、tetherin 和 SERINC5 等,已经得到公认。HIV-1 利用其附属蛋白 Vif、Vpu 和 Nef 来对抗这些因子,由此可见它们的重要性。然而,抗病毒因子的清单还在不断增加,它们限制 HIV-1 和/或如何被病毒蛋白抵消的先天防御机制仍有待发现。这些抗病毒因子与艾滋病毒/艾滋病以外的其他疾病也有关系,因为它们通常对各种病毒病原体具有活性。在这篇综述中,我们概述了最近报道的抗逆转录病毒因子和病毒对策,提出了表明仍有更多先天防御机制有待发现的证据,并讨论了为什么这是一项具有挑战性但有价值的任务。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
1.80%
发文量
1383
期刊介绍: The Journal of Molecular Cell Biology ( JMCB ) is a full open access, peer-reviewed online journal interested in inter-disciplinary studies at the cross-sections between molecular and cell biology as well as other disciplines of life sciences. The broad scope of JMCB reflects the merging of these life science disciplines such as stem cell research, signaling, genetics, epigenetics, genomics, development, immunology, cancer biology, molecular pathogenesis, neuroscience, and systems biology. The journal will publish primary research papers with findings of unusual significance and broad scientific interest. Review articles, letters and commentary on timely issues are also welcome. JMCB features an outstanding Editorial Board, which will serve as scientific advisors to the journal and provide strategic guidance for the development of the journal. By selecting only the best papers for publication, JMCB will provide a first rate publishing forum for scientists all over the world.
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