Characterization of a Novel TiF4 Inclusion Complex and in vitro Evaluation of Its Effect on Inhibiting Enamel Demineralization.

IF 2.9 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Caries Research Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-08 DOI:10.1159/000536640

Elham Farhadi, Ladan Ranjbar Omrani, Khosrou Abdi, Niyousha Rafeie, Zohreh Moradi

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Abstract

Introduction: Titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) is an anticariogenic agent with high remineralizing potential. However, the acidic pH of TiF4 solution can limit its clinical application. The present study aimed to prepare and characterize a new TiF4-dendrimer inclusion complex and evaluate its ability to inhibit enamel demineralization under pH cycling conditions.

Methods: PEG-citrate dendrimer and TiF4-dendrimer inclusion complex were synthesized and their molecular structures were evaluated using Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Hydrogen Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (HNMR), and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) tests. Forty-eight enamel samples were prepared and randomly divided into four groups: distilled water (negative control), TiF4 solution (T), dendrimer solution (D), and TiF4-dendrimer solution (TD). The microhardness of the samples was measured initially. Next, the samples underwent pH cycling, were exposed to the solutions, the microhardness was measured again, and microhardness loss was calculated. EDX analysis was performed on the surface and cross-sectional segments of the samples.

Results: The microhardness loss was significantly higher in control (-65.1 ± 6.0) compared to other groups. No significant difference was observed between T (-47.9 ± 5.6) and D (-41.7 ± 12.0) and also D and TD (-40.5 ± 9.4) in this regard. Microhardness loss was significantly higher in T compared to TD group. The TD samples showed similar fluoride and titanium content in both surface and subsurface regions, while the T group had higher concentrations in the surface region. Moreover, the TD solution had a higher pH of 3.4 compared to the T solution's pH of 1.1.

Conclusion: No significant difference was observed between the efficacy of TiF4-dendrimer and TiF4 solution in inhibiting demineralization while TiF4-dendrimer solution had the added advantage of having a higher pH.

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新型 TiF4 包合物的特性及其抑制珐琅质脱矿的体外评估。

四氟化钛（TiF4）是一种抗龋齿剂，具有很高的再矿化潜力。然而，TiF4 溶液的酸性 pH 值会限制其临床应用。据报道，树枝状聚合物具有良好的再矿化潜力。因此，本研究旨在制备和表征一种新的 TiF4 树枝状聚合物包合物，并评估其在 pH 循环条件下抑制釉质脱矿的能力。本研究合成了 PEG 柠檬酸盐树枝状聚合物和 TiF4 树枝状聚合物包合物，并使用傅立叶变换红外光谱、氢核磁共振和液相色谱-质谱测试评估了它们的分子结构。随机制备了 48 个珐琅质样品，分为四组：蒸馏水（阴性对照）、TiF4 溶液（T）、树枝状聚合物溶液（D）和 TiF4-树枝状聚合物溶液（TD）。首先测量样品的显微硬度。然后，样品进行 pH 循环，暴露在溶液中，再次测量显微硬度，并计算显微硬度损失。对样品的表面和横截面部分进行了 EDX 分析。与其他组相比，对照组的显微硬度损失（-65.1± 6.0）明显较高。T组（-47.9± 5.6）和D组（-41.7± 12.0）以及D组和TD组（-40.5± 9.4）在这方面没有明显差异。T 组的显微硬度损失明显高于 TD 组。T+D 样品在表面和次表面区域的氟和钛含量相似，而 T 组在表面区域的氟和钛含量较高。此外，DT 溶液的 pH 值为 3.4，高于 T 溶液的 pH 值 1.1。TiF4-二聚体溶液在抑制脱矿方面的功效与 TiF4 溶液相似，但具有 pH 值更高的优势。

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来源期刊

Caries Research 医学-牙科与口腔外科

CiteScore

6.30

自引率

7.10%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： ''Caries Research'' publishes epidemiological, clinical and laboratory studies in dental caries, erosion and related dental diseases. Some studies build on the considerable advances already made in caries prevention, e.g. through fluoride application. Some aim to improve understanding of the increasingly important problem of dental erosion and the associated tooth wear process. Others monitor the changing pattern of caries in different populations, explore improved methods of diagnosis or evaluate methods of prevention or treatment. The broad coverage of current research has given the journal an international reputation as an indispensable source for both basic scientists and clinicians engaged in understanding, investigating and preventing dental disease.