Caries Research最新文献

Introduction: Streptococcus mutans adherence to the tooth surface and subsequent biofilm development is modulated by the carbohydrate source, but the corresponding effect on bacterial proteome has not been previously studied. This study aimed to assess the effect of different carbohydrates on S. mutans viability and bacterial proteome at two-time points, early attachment (8 h) and biofilm maturation (24 h).

Methods: Hydroxyapatite (HAp) discs coated with parotid saliva proteins were inoculated with S. mutans UA159 in Tryptone Soy Broth without dextrose supplemented with one of the following carbohydrates (n=12/treatment/time point): 1% Sucrose (S); 0.525% Glucose + 0.525% Fructose (G+F); 10% Xylitol (X); 10% Xylitol + 1% Sucrose (X+S); or culture medium without supplementation as negative control (C). Once inoculated, HAp discs were incubated for 8 h or 24 h at 37 °C and 10% CO2. After each incubation period, adhered bacteria were quantified using the plate-counting method for 6 HAp discs/group, and the remaining 6 HAp discs/group were used to extract bacterial cell wall proteins. Extracted proteins were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and then classified by their biological process. The study was conducted in three independent assays and the number of bacteria adhered to the HAp discs was determined at each time point and analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test (=5%).

Results: The results suggest that xylitol significantly repressed bacterial adherence and metabolism at 8 h and 24 h; however, bacterial adherence and metabolism were significantly enhanced when xylitol was combined with sucrose, showing no negative effect on S. mutans at both time points. Bacterial proteome was modulated by the carbohydrate source.

Conclusion: The cariogenicity of S. mutans biofilms may be reduced by the alternative sweetener xylitol; however, the combination with fermentable sugars may inhibit such a beneficial effect.

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a nutritional counseling program for mothers of newborns to prevent sugar consumption in the first year of the child's life on the occurrence of Early Childhood Caries (ECC).

Methods: A multicentric randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03841123) was conducted in three state capitals of Brazil (n=516). Mothers were randomly assigned to the intervention group (IG) or control group (CG) after delivery. The IG received face-to-face nutritional counseling based on UNICEF dietary guidelines, followed by monthly phone calls. The CG received standard counseling. Dietary intake was measured through structured questionnaires and 24-hour recalls at six and 12 months. Calibrated dentists performed a dental clinical examination for ECC diagnosis after the children completed their first year of life.

Results: The prevalence of ECC was 17.4% in the overall sample (49/290). The number of affected teeth ranged from 0 to 6 (mean 0.43). The IG had a 2.4 times probability of not consuming sugar in the first six months of the child's life (RR 2.44; 95% CI 1.18-5.00) and they had Fa significantly lower mean number of sweet items consumed at 12 months (p=0.016). No significant differences between groups were found concerning the occurrence of ECC (RR 1.33; 95% CI 0.79-2.25) or the number of teeth affected by caries (p=0.273).

Conclusion: The intervention to prevent and reduce sugar intake in the first year of life was not effective at reducing the occurrence of early childhood caries or the number of teeth with carious lesions.

Introduction: Despite the notable progress in developing artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools for caries detection in bitewings, limited research has addressed the detection and staging of secondary caries. Therefore, we aimed to develop a Convolutional neural network (CNN)-based algorithm for these purposes using a novel approach for determining lesion severity.

Methods: We used a dataset from a Dutch dental practice-based research network containing 2,612 restored teeth in 413 bitewings from 383 patients aged 15 to 88 years and trained the Mask R-CNN architecture with a Swin Transformer backbone. Two-stage training fine-tuned caries detection accuracy and severity assessment. Annotations of caries around restorations were made by two evaluators and checked by two other experts. Aggregated accuracy metrics (mean ± Standard Deviation - SD) in detecting teeth with secondary caries were calculated considering two thresholds: detecting all lesions and dentine lesions. The correlation between the lesion severity scores obtained with the algorithm and the annotators' consensus was determined using the Pearson correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plots.

Results: Our refined algorithm showed high specificity in detecting all lesions (0.966 ± 0.025) and dentine lesions (0.964 ± 0.019). Sensitivity values were lower: 0.737 ± 0.079 for all lesions and 0.808 ± 0.083 for dentine lesions. The areas under ROC curves (SD) were 0.940 (0.025) for all lesions and 0.946 (0.023) for dentine lesions. The correlation coefficient for severity scores was 0.802.

Conclusion: We developed an improved algorithm to support clinicians in detecting and staging secondary caries in bitewing, incorporating an innovative approach for annotation, considering the lesion severity as a continuous outcome.

Introduction: Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is promoted as biomimetic material in dentistry. The aim of the study was to investigate whether HAP-containing formulations can reduce erosive/abrasive tissue loss and to analyse components in these formulations.

Methods: Two HAP toothpastes with and two without fluoride and a HAP mouthrinse were investigated, controls were active-agent-free toothpaste, SnF2 toothpaste and F/Sn mouthrinse. For 10 d, human enamel samples were eroded for 2 min, 6x/d in 0.5% citric acid and immersed for 2 min, 2x/d in toothpaste slurries or mouthrinse. Half were additionally brushed for 15s, 2x/d. The particulate fraction was extracted and examined morphologically and with element analyses. Other parameters were REA, RDA, fluoride and calcium content.

Results: The F/Sn mouthrinse almost completely prevented tissue loss; none of the HAP formulations reduced tissue loss compared to the negative control, two increased it instead. Brushing increased tissue loss in all groups except the F/Sn mouthrinse. All toothpastes contained amorphous particles of different sizes. Elemental analysis identified Si and O, additionally Ca and P were present in small amounts on the particles of the HAP toothpastes and one HAP+F toothpaste. In the liquid phase, elevated calcium levels were found in one HAP toothpaste and in both HAP+F toothpastes; in the formulation with the highest value, the fluoride concentration was low. REA and RDA values were not associated with tissue loss.

Conclusions: Whether alone or in combination with fluoride, HAP formulations had either no or a detrimental effect on erosive tissue loss and could not reduce abrasion. In the context of erosive tooth wear, HAP seems to be neither an alternative to fluoride nor a suitable supplement to it.

Introduction: This study aimed to examine the effects of age, period (historical events), and cohort (generational impact) - APC on caries prevalence and mean DMFT among Singapore schoolchildren from 2007 to 2019.

Methods: Anonymized records of all 6-year-old Primary 1 (P1), 11-year-old Primary 6 (P6), and 14-year-old Secondary 3 (S3) students before the start of each school year between 2007 and 2019 were extracted from the Integrated Dental Electronic Assessment System (IDEAS), categorised by school level, ethnicity, and sex. Poisson regression and Partial Least Squares (PLS) regressions were applied to estimate APC effects.

Results: In total, 502339 P1, 535579 P6, and 496725 S3 records were included from 2007 to 2019, with 1058589 (69.0%) Chinese, 187948 (12.2%) Malay, and 152618 (9.9%) Indian students; 245447 (48.8%) P1, 259389 (48.4%) P6, and 243941 (49.1%) S3 students were girls. Overall, the APC effects on caries prevalence and mean DMFT showed a strong age effect, with the lowest prevalence in the youngest P1 group and the highest in the oldest S3 group. Period and cohort effects were identified, with the prevalence decreasing among those born after 1995 and the lowest prevalence rate in 2013. Similarly, period and cohort effects on mean DMFT were also detected, with decreased mean DMFT after period 2009 and the highest mean DMFT (0.72 in P6 and 1.13 in S3) in cohort 1995.

Conclusion: Caries prevalence and DMFT increased with age. While both decreased in individuals born after 1995, mean DMFT began to rise again in those born after 2003.

Introduction: Acquired pellicle (AP) acts as a membrane preventing acids from coming into direct contact with the tooth. Possibly, individuals with different dental health status present changes in its composition that could disrupt this function. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the protein composition of the AP in adolescents with erosive tooth wear (ETW), caries, or sound.

Methods: Calibrated examiners in BEWE index and ICDAS-merged Epi criteria assessed ETW and caries in a sample of 454 systemically healthy adolescents aged 12-15 years old. Thirty subjects from that sample were selected for this study: ETW group (n = 10; total BEWE ≥9 and absence of dentinal caries lesions); caries group (n = 10; total BEWE <9 and with at least one dentinal caries lesion), and sound group (n = 10; total BEWE <9 and absence of dentinal caries lesions). Two-hour-formation AP samples were taken from buccal, occlusal/incisal, palatal/lingual tooth surfaces. Protein composition was analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Using mean reporter ion values, relative abundances of proteins were compared among the three groups to calculate for fold changes. Twofold protein increases or decreases were reported (t test, p < 0.05). Gene Ontology (GO) of included proteins was assigned.

Results: Mean age of participants was 13.1 ± 1.14 years and 56.6% were females. The prevalence of ETW was of 66.6% and of dentinal caries of 33.3%. The GO analyses showed that the majority of detected proteins were stress response related. The ETW group disclosed upregulated relative abundance of antileukoprotease (2.85-fold in ETW vs. sound and 2.34-fold in ETW group vs. caries group); histatin (2.42-fold in ETW group vs. sound group and 2.20-fold in ETW group vs. caries group), and prolactin-induced protein (2.30-fold in ETW group vs. sound group and 2.06-fold in ETW group vs. caries group) (p < 0.05). Hemoglobin subunits alpha (HBA) and beta (HBB) showed decreased relative abundances in the ETW and caries groups when compared to the sound group (HBA: 0.42-fold in ETW group and 0.40-fold in caries group; HBB: 0.45-fold in ETW group and 0.38-fold in caries group; p < 0.05).

Conclusion: AP from individuals with ETW showed differences when compared to other dental conditions, with relative abundance increasing of some stress response-associated proteins in ETW and a decrease in proteins related to salivary protection against acid challenges.

Introduction: The present study aimed to identify the 100 most-cited articles concerning atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) through a bibliometric analysis.

Methods: The search was conducted in the Web of Science database in December 2023. Scopus and Google Scholar were used to compare the number of citations. The following data were extracted from the articles: title, authors, number of citations, access type, institution, country, continent, year of publication, journal, keywords, study design, and theme. Collaborative networks were generated using the VOSviewer software. Google Trends was used to investigate the global popularity of "atraumatic restorative treatment" research.

Results: The 100 selected articles, published between 1996 and 2019, were cited 5,092 times, ranging from 21 to 239 citations. CariesResearch (12%) and Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology (12%) published the highest number of articles. Clinical study (52%) was the most prevalent study design. The main theme addressed was restoration longevity (43%). Conventional high-viscosity glass ionomer was the most used restorative material (69%). The country with the highest number of articles was The Netherlands (33%) and Europe was the continent with most publications (38%). The Radboud University of Nijmegen had the highest number of articles (25%). Frencken was the most prominent author (38%). The most common keyword was "atraumatic restorative treatment" (n = 60). According to Google Trends, Tanzania was the country that searched the most about ART.

Conclusion: The 100 most-cited articles on ART were mainly composed of clinical studies focusing on the longevity of restorations and originated in Europe.