The independent and combined impact of moral injury and moral distress on post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY European Journal of Psychotraumatology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-09 DOI:10.1080/20008066.2023.2299661
Andrea M D'Alessandro-Lowe, Herry Patel, Bethany Easterbrook, Kim Ritchie, Andrea Brown, Yuanxin Xue, Mauda Karram, Heather Millman, Emily Sullo, Mina Pichtikova, Andrew Nicholson, Alex Heber, Ann Malain, Charlene O'Connor, Hygge Schielke, Sarah Rodrigues, Fardous Hosseiny, Randi E McCabe, Ruth A Lanius, Margaret C McKinnon
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Abstract

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) across the globe have reported symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moral Injury (MI) has been associated with PTSD in military populations, but is not well studied in healthcare contexts. Moral Distress (MD), a related concept, may enhance understandings of MI and its relation to PTSD among HCWs. This study examined the independent and combined impact of MI and MD on PTSD symptoms in Canadian HCWs during the pandemic.Methods: HCWs participated in an online survey between February and December 2021, with questions regarding sociodemographics, mental health and trauma history (e.g. MI, MD, PTSD, dissociation, depression, anxiety, stress, childhood adversity). Structural equation modelling was used to analyze the independent and combined impact of MI and MD on PTSD symptoms (including dissociation) among the sample when controlling for sex, age, depression, anxiety, stress, and childhood adversity.Results: A structural equation model independently regressing both MI and MD onto PTSD accounted for 74.4% of the variance in PTSD symptoms. Here, MI was strongly and significantly associated with PTSD symptoms (β = .412, p < .0001) to a higher degree than MD (β = .187, p < .0001), after controlling for age, sex, depression, anxiety, stress and childhood adversity. A model regressing a combined MD and MI construct onto PTSD predicted approximately 87% of the variance in PTSD symptoms (r2 = .87, p < .0001), with MD/MI strongly and significantly associated with PTSD (β = .813, p < .0001), after controlling for age, sex, depression, anxiety, stress, and childhood adversity.Conclusion: Our results support a relation between MI and PTSD among HCWs and suggest that a combined MD and MI construct is most strongly associated with PTSD symptoms. Further research is needed better understand the mechanisms through which MD/MI are associated with PTSD.

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在 COVID-19 大流行期间,精神伤害和精神痛苦对医护人员创伤后应激障碍症状的独立和综合影响。
背景:在 COVID-19 大流行期间,全球各地的医护人员(HCWs)都报告了创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状。道德伤害(MI)在军事人群中与创伤后应激障碍有关,但在医疗保健环境中却没有得到很好的研究。道德压力(MD)是一个相关的概念,它可以加深医护人员对道德伤害及其与创伤后应激障碍之间关系的理解。方法:2021 年 2 月至 12 月期间,医护人员参与了一项在线调查,调查问题涉及社会人口统计学、心理健康和创伤史(如 MI、MD、创伤后应激障碍、分离、抑郁、焦虑、压力、童年逆境)。在控制性别、年龄、抑郁、焦虑、压力和童年逆境的情况下,采用结构方程模型分析了创伤后应激障碍(MI)和精神分裂症(MD)对样本中创伤后应激障碍症状(包括解离)的独立和综合影响:将 MI 和 MD 独立回归到创伤后应激障碍的结构方程模型占创伤后应激障碍症状变异的 74.4%。其中,MI 与创伤后应激障碍症状有明显的密切关系(β = .412,p β = .187,p r2 = .87,p β = .813,p 结论:我们的研究结果表明,MI 与创伤后应激障碍症状有明显的密切关系:我们的研究结果支持多元智能与创伤后应激障碍之间的关系,并表明 MD 和多元智能的组合与创伤后应激障碍症状的关系最为密切。我们需要进一步开展研究,以便更好地了解 MD/MI 与创伤后应激障碍之间的关联机制。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.60
自引率
12.00%
发文量
153
审稿时长
18 weeks
期刊介绍: The European Journal of Psychotraumatology (EJPT) is a peer-reviewed open access interdisciplinary journal owned by the European Society of Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS). The European Journal of Psychotraumatology (EJPT) aims to engage scholars, clinicians and researchers in the vital issues of how to understand, prevent and treat the consequences of stress and trauma, including but not limited to, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depressive disorders, substance abuse, burnout, and neurobiological or physical consequences, using the latest research or clinical experience in these areas. The journal shares ESTSS’ mission to advance and disseminate scientific knowledge about traumatic stress. Papers may address individual events, repeated or chronic (complex) trauma, large scale disasters, or violence. Being open access, the European Journal of Psychotraumatology is also evidence of ESTSS’ stand on free accessibility of research publications to a wider community via the web. The European Journal of Psychotraumatology seeks to attract contributions from academics and practitioners from diverse professional backgrounds, including, but not restricted to, those in mental health, social sciences, and health and welfare services. Contributions from outside Europe are welcome. The journal welcomes original basic and clinical research articles that consolidate and expand the theoretical and professional basis of the field of traumatic stress; Review articles including meta-analyses; short communications presenting new ideas or early-stage promising research; study protocols that describe proposed or ongoing research; case reports examining a single individual or event in a real‑life context; clinical practice papers sharing experience from the clinic; letters to the Editor debating articles already published in the Journal; inaugural Lectures; conference abstracts and book reviews. Both quantitative and qualitative research is welcome.
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