The transition from cranial surgery to neurosurgery in East London, 1760-1960.

IF 0.3 3区 哲学 Q3 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-12 DOI:10.1080/0964704X.2023.2298907
Jonathan Pollock, Mariam Awan, Jonathan Benjamin, Lauren Harris
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Abstract

The emergence of neurosurgery from the practice of cranial surgery between the eighteenth and the twentieth centuries in London, UK, is well documented, including the role of Sir Victor Horsley, the first neurosurgical appointee at the National Hospital Queen Square in 1886. The process of this transition elsewhere in London and the subsequent foundation of other neurosurgical units are less well described. In East London, the status of St. Bartholomew's Hospital (Barts) as the oldest London hospital still active on its original site and its comprehensive archives allow an unusually long history of surgical practice in the specialty to be studied. Using these archives and other primary and secondary sources, this article describes the transition of cranial surgery in East London from the general surgeons, limited to the treatment of brain and skull injury, to the specialized discipline of neurosurgery. We discuss the culmination of this process in the foundation of three neurosurgical units at London Hospital, Whitechapel, by Sir Hugh B. Cairns from 1927; at Barts Hospital, Smithfield, by John E. A. O'Connell from 1937; and at Oldchurch Hospital, Romford, by Leslie C. Oliver from 1945. Two modern neurosurgical units, in Whitechapel and Romford, have taken forward the work begun by this group.

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1760-1960 年东伦敦从颅脑外科到神经外科的转变。
十八世纪至二十世纪期间,神经外科在英国伦敦从颅脑外科中脱颖而出,其中包括维克多-霍斯利(Victor Horsley)爵士的作用,他是1886年皇后广场国立医院任命的第一位神经外科医生。关于伦敦其他地区的这一转变过程以及随后成立的其他神经外科单位的描述则较少。在东伦敦,圣巴塞洛缪医院(巴兹医院)是伦敦最古老的医院,目前仍在其原址开展业务,其全面的档案资料为研究该专科的外科实践提供了异常悠久的历史。本文利用这些档案及其他主要和次要资料来源,描述了东伦敦颅脑外科从仅限于治疗脑部和颅骨损伤的普通外科医生向神经外科这一专业学科的转变过程。我们讨论了这一过程的顶峰,即 1927 年休-B-凯恩斯爵士(Sir Hugh B. Cairns)在白教堂伦敦医院(London Hospital, Whitechapel)、1937 年约翰-E-A-奥康奈尔(John E. A. O'Connell)在史密斯菲尔德巴茨医院(Barts Hospital, Smithfield)以及 1945 年莱斯利-C-奥利弗(Leslie C. Oliver)在罗姆福德奥尔德查奇医院(Oldchurch Hospital, Romford)建立的三个神经外科单位。位于白教堂和罗姆福德的两家现代化神经外科单位继承了这一团队开创的工作。
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来源期刊
Journal of the History of the Neurosciences
Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 社会科学-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
1.00
自引率
20.00%
发文量
55
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of the History of the Neurosciences is the leading communication platform dealing with the historical roots of the basic and applied neurosciences. Its domains cover historical perspectives and developments, including biographical studies, disorders, institutions, documents, and instrumentation in neurology, neurosurgery, neuropsychiatry, neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neurochemistry, neuropsychology, and the behavioral neurosciences. The history of ideas, changes in society and medicine, and the connections with other disciplines (e.g., the arts, philosophy, psychology) are welcome. In addition to original, full-length papers, the journal welcomes informative short communications, letters to the editors, book reviews, and contributions to its NeuroWords and Neurognostics columns. All manuscripts are subject to initial appraisal by an Editor, and, if found suitable for further consideration, full- and short-length papers are subject to peer review (double blind, if requested) by at least 2 anonymous referees.
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