Bismuth nanoparticles anchored on N-doped graphite felts to give stable and efficient iron-chromium redox flow batteries

IF 5.7 3区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science New Carbon Materials Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI:10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60837-1
Hang-xin Che , Yu-fei Gao , Jia-hui Yang , Song Hong , Lei-duan Hao , Liang Xu , Sana Taimoor , Alex W. Robertson , Zhen-yu Sun
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Abstract

Iron-chromium redox flow batteries (ICRFBs) use abundant and inexpensive chromium and iron as the active substances in the electrolyte and have great potential as a cost-effective and large-scale energy storage system. However, they are still plagued by several issues, such as the low electrochemical activity of Cr3+/Cr2+ and the occurrence of the undesired hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). We report the synthesis of amorphous bismuth (Bi) nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized on N-doped graphite felts (GFs) by a combined self-polymerization and wet-chemistry reduction strategy followed by annealing, which are used as the negative electrodes for ICRFBs. The resulting Bi NPs react with H+ to form intermediates and greatly inhibit the parasitic HER. In addition, the combined effect of Bi and N dopants on the surface of GF dramatically increases the electrochemical activity of Fe2+/Fe3+ and Cr3+/Cr2+, reduces the charge transfer resistance, and increases the mass transfer rate compared to plain GF. At the optimum Bi/N ratio of 2, a high coulombic efficiency of up to 97.7% is maintained even for 25 cycles at different current densities, the energy efficiency reaches 85.8% at 60.0 mA cm−2, exceeding many other reported materials, and the capacity reaches 862.7 mAh L−1 after 100 cycles, which is about 5.3 times that of bare GF.

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锚定在掺杂 N 的石墨毡上的纳米铋粒子可产生稳定高效的铁铬氧化还原液流电池
铁铬氧化还原液流电池(ICRFBs)使用丰富而廉价的铬和铁作为电解液中的活性物质,作为一种经济高效的大规模储能系统具有巨大潜力。然而,它们仍然受到几个问题的困扰,如 Cr3+/Cr2+ 的电化学活性低和发生不希望发生的氢进化反应 (HER)。我们报告了采用自聚合和湿化学还原相结合的策略,在掺杂 N 的石墨毡 (GF) 上固定合成无定形铋 (Bi) 纳米粒子 (NPs),然后进行退火处理,并将其用作 ICRFB 的负极。生成的 Bi NPs 与 H+ 反应形成中间产物,极大地抑制了寄生 HER。此外,与普通 GF 相比,Bi 和 N 掺杂剂在 GF 表面的共同作用显著提高了 Fe2+/Fe3+ 和 Cr3+/Cr2+ 的电化学活性,降低了电荷转移电阻,并提高了传质速率。在最佳 Bi/N 比为 2 时,即使在不同的电流密度下循环 25 次,也能保持高达 97.7% 的高库仑效率;在 60.0 mA cm-2 时,能量效率达到 85.8%,超过了许多其他已报道的材料;循环 100 次后,容量达到 862.7 mAh L-1,约为裸 GF 的 5.3 倍。
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来源期刊
New Carbon Materials
New Carbon Materials MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
6.10
自引率
8.80%
发文量
3245
审稿时长
5.5 months
期刊介绍: New Carbon Materials is a scholarly journal that publishes original research papers focusing on the physics, chemistry, and technology of organic substances that serve as precursors for creating carbonaceous solids with aromatic or tetrahedral bonding. The scope of materials covered by the journal extends from diamond and graphite to a variety of forms including chars, semicokes, mesophase substances, carbons, carbon fibers, carbynes, fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes. The journal's objective is to showcase the latest research findings and advancements in the areas of formation, structure, properties, behaviors, and technological applications of carbon materials. Additionally, the journal includes papers on the secondary production of new carbon and composite materials, such as carbon-carbon composites, derived from the aforementioned carbons. Research papers on organic substances will be considered for publication only if they have a direct relevance to the resulting carbon materials.
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