Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60849-8
Ya-feng Fan , Zong-lin Yi , Yi Zhou , Li-jing Xie , Guo-hua Sun , Zhen-bing Wang , Xian-hong Huang , Fang-yuan Su , Cheng-meng Chen
Nitrogen doping has been widely used to improve the performance of carbon electrodes in supercapacitors, particularly in terms of their high-frequency response. However, the charge storage and electrolyte ion response mechanisms of different nitrogen dopants at high frequencies are still unclear. In this study, melamine foam carbons with different configurations of surface-doped N were formed by gradient carbonization, and the effects of the configurations on the high-frequency response behavior of the supercapacitors were analyzed. Using a combination of experiments and first-principle calculations, we found that pyrrolic N, characterized by a higher adsorption energy, increases the charge storage capacity of the electrode at high frequencies. On the other hand, graphitic N, with a lower adsorption energy, increases the speed of ion response. We propose the use of adsorption energy as a practical descriptor for electrode/electrolyte design in high-frequency applications, offering a more universal approach for improving the performance of N-doped carbon materials in supercapacitors
掺氮已被广泛用于提高超级电容器中碳电极的性能，尤其是在高频响应方面。然而，不同氮掺杂物在高频下的电荷存储和电解质离子响应机制仍不清楚。本研究通过梯度碳化法形成了具有不同表面掺氮构型的三聚氰胺泡沫碳，并分析了不同构型对超级电容器高频响应行为的影响。通过实验和第一原理计算相结合的方法，我们发现吡咯烷酮 N 具有较高的吸附能，可提高电极在高频下的电荷存储容量。另一方面，吸附能较低的石墨化 N 可提高离子响应速度。我们建议将吸附能作为高频应用中电极/电解质设计的实用描述指标，为提高超级电容器中掺杂 N 的碳材料的性能提供更通用的方法。
{"title":"The relationship between the high-frequency performance of supercapacitors and the type of doped nitrogen in the carbon electrode","authors":"Ya-feng Fan , Zong-lin Yi , Yi Zhou , Li-jing Xie , Guo-hua Sun , Zhen-bing Wang , Xian-hong Huang , Fang-yuan Su , Cheng-meng Chen","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60849-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60849-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen doping has been widely used to improve the performance of carbon electrodes in supercapacitors, particularly in terms of their high-frequency response. However, the charge storage and electrolyte ion response mechanisms of different nitrogen dopants at high frequencies are still unclear. In this study, melamine foam carbons with different configurations of surface-doped N were formed by gradient carbonization, and the effects of the configurations on the high-frequency response behavior of the supercapacitors were analyzed. Using a combination of experiments and first-principle calculations, we found that pyrrolic N, characterized by a higher adsorption energy, increases the charge storage capacity of the electrode at high frequencies. On the other hand, graphitic N, with a lower adsorption energy, increases the speed of ion response. We propose the use of adsorption energy as a practical descriptor for electrode/electrolyte design in high-frequency applications, offering a more universal approach for improving the performance of N-doped carbon materials in supercapacitors</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"39 5","pages":"Pages 1015-1026"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60877-2
Ren-lu Yuan, Ruo-yang Hou, Lei Shang, Xue-wei Liu, Ang Li, Xiao-hong Chen, Huai-he Song
Defect engineering by heteroatom doping gives carbon materials some new characteristics such as a different electronic structure and a high electrochemical activity, making them suitable for high-performance applications. N-doping has been widely investigated because of its similar atom radius to carbon, high electronegativity as well as many different configurations. We summarize the preparation methods and properties of N-doped carbon materials, and discuss their possible use in sodium ion storage. The relationships between N content/configuration and crystallinity, electronic conductivity, wettability, chemical reactivity as well as sodium ion storage performance are discussed.
通过掺杂杂原子进行缺陷工程可赋予碳材料一些新特性，如不同的电子结构和高电化学活性，使其适用于高性能应用。由于 N 原子半径与碳相近、电负性高且具有多种不同的构型，因此 N 掺杂已被广泛研究。我们总结了掺 N 碳材料的制备方法和特性，并讨论了它们在钠离子存储中的可能用途。讨论了 N 含量/构型与结晶度、电子导电性、润湿性、化学反应性以及钠离子存储性能之间的关系。
{"title":"The preparation and properties of N-doped carbon materials and their use for sodium storage","authors":"Ren-lu Yuan, Ruo-yang Hou, Lei Shang, Xue-wei Liu, Ang Li, Xiao-hong Chen, Huai-he Song","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60877-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60877-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Defect engineering by heteroatom doping gives carbon materials some new characteristics such as a different electronic structure and a high electrochemical activity, making them suitable for high-performance applications. N-doping has been widely investigated because of its similar atom radius to carbon, high electronegativity as well as many different configurations. We summarize the preparation methods and properties of N-doped carbon materials, and discuss their possible use in sodium ion storage. The relationships between N content/configuration and crystallinity, electronic conductivity, wettability, chemical reactivity as well as sodium ion storage performance are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"39 5","pages":"Pages 770-795"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60859-0
Ru-shuai Liu, Fan Tang, Xiao-dong Shi, Guang-ping Hao, An-hui Lu
The efficient separation of ethane (C2H6) and ethylene (C2H4) is crucial for the preparation of polymer-grade C2H4, necessitating the development of highly selective and stable C2H6/C2H4 adsorbents. Highly graphitized porous carbon, denoted GC-800, was synthesized by polymerization at room temperature followed by carbonization at 800 °C using phenolic resin as the precursor and FeCl3 as the iron source. Vienna Ab-initio Simulation Package (VASP) calculations confirmed a higher binding energy between C2H6 molecules and graphitized porous carbon surfaces, so that a high degree of graphitization increased the adsorption capacity of porous carbon for C2H6. However, catalytic graphitization using Fe at high temperatures disrupted the microporous structure of the carbon, thereby reducing its ability to separate C2H6/C2H4. By controlling the carbonization temperature, the degree of graphitization and pore structure of the porous carbon could be changed. Raman spectra and XPS spectra showed that the GC-800 had a high degree of graphitization, with a sp2 C content as high as 73%. Low-temperature N2 physical adsorption measurements estimated the specific surface area of GC-800 to be as high as 574 m2·g−1. At 298 K and 1 bar, it had an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 2.16 mmol·g−1 for C2H6, with the C2H6/C2H4 (1:1 and 1:9, v/v) ideal adsorbed solution theory selectivity respectively reaching 2.4 and 3.8, significantly higher than the values of most reported high-performance C2H6 selective adsorbents. Dynamic breakthrough experiments showed that GC-800 could produce high-purity C2H4 in a single step from a mixture of C2H6 and C2H4. Dynamic cycling tests confirmed its good cyclic stability, and that it could efficiently separate C2H6/C2H4 even under humid conditions.
{"title":"Preparation of highly graphitized porous carbon and its ethane/ethylene separation performance","authors":"Ru-shuai Liu, Fan Tang, Xiao-dong Shi, Guang-ping Hao, An-hui Lu","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60859-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60859-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficient separation of ethane (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>) and ethylene (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>) is crucial for the preparation of polymer-grade C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>, necessitating the development of highly selective and stable C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> adsorbents. Highly graphitized porous carbon, denoted GC-800, was synthesized by polymerization at room temperature followed by carbonization at 800 °C using phenolic resin as the precursor and FeCl<sub>3</sub> as the iron source. Vienna Ab-initio Simulation Package (VASP) calculations confirmed a higher binding energy between C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> molecules and graphitized porous carbon surfaces, so that a high degree of graphitization increased the adsorption capacity of porous carbon for C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>. However, catalytic graphitization using Fe at high temperatures disrupted the microporous structure of the carbon, thereby reducing its ability to separate C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>. By controlling the carbonization temperature, the degree of graphitization and pore structure of the porous carbon could be changed. Raman spectra and XPS spectra showed that the GC-800 had a high degree of graphitization, with a sp<sup>2</sup> C content as high as 73%. Low-temperature N<sub>2</sub> physical adsorption measurements estimated the specific surface area of GC-800 to be as high as 574 m<sup>2</sup>·g<sup>−1</sup>. At 298 K and 1 bar, it had an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 2.16 mmol·g<sup>−1</sup> for C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>, with the C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> (1:1 and 1:9, <em>v</em>/<em>v</em>) ideal adsorbed solution theory selectivity respectively reaching 2.4 and 3.8, significantly higher than the values of most reported high-performance C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> selective adsorbents. Dynamic breakthrough experiments showed that GC-800 could produce high-purity C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> in a single step from a mixture of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>. Dynamic cycling tests confirmed its good cyclic stability, and that it could efficiently separate C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> even under humid conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"39 5","pages":"Pages 1027-1036"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60879-6
Zi-xin Qi , Sai-nan Luo , Jia-feng Ruan , Tao Yuan , Yue-peng Pang , Jun-he Yang , Shi-you Zheng
Sodium-sulfur (Na-S) and potassium-sulfur (K-S) batteries for use at room temperature have received widespread attention because of the abundance and low cost of their raw materials and their high energy density. However, their development is restricted by the shuttling of polysulfides, large volume expansion and poor conductivity. To overcome these obstacles, an effective approach is to use carbon-based materials with abundant space for the sulfur that has sulfiphilic sites to immobilize it, and a high electrical conductivity. Hollow carbon spheres (HCSs) with a controllable structure and composition are promising for this purpose. We consider recent progress in optimizing the electrochemical performance of Na-/K-S batteries by using these materials. First, the advantages of HCSs, their synthesis methods, and strategies for preparing HCSs/sulfur composite materials are reviewed. Second, the use of HCSs in Na-/K-S batteries, along with mechanisms underlying the resulting performance improvement, are discussed. Finally, prospects for the further development of HCSs for metal−S batteries are presented.
{"title":"Recent advances in producing hollow carbon spheres for use in sodium−sulfur and potassium−sulfur batteries","authors":"Zi-xin Qi , Sai-nan Luo , Jia-feng Ruan , Tao Yuan , Yue-peng Pang , Jun-he Yang , Shi-you Zheng","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60879-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60879-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sodium-sulfur (Na-S) and potassium-sulfur (K-S) batteries for use at room temperature have received widespread attention because of the abundance and low cost of their raw materials and their high energy density. However, their development is restricted by the shuttling of polysulfides, large volume expansion and poor conductivity. To overcome these obstacles, an effective approach is to use carbon-based materials with abundant space for the sulfur that has sulfiphilic sites to immobilize it, and a high electrical conductivity. Hollow carbon spheres (HCSs) with a controllable structure and composition are promising for this purpose. We consider recent progress in optimizing the electrochemical performance of Na-/K-S batteries by using these materials. First, the advantages of HCSs, their synthesis methods, and strategies for preparing HCSs/sulfur composite materials are reviewed. Second, the use of HCSs in Na-/K-S batteries, along with mechanisms underlying the resulting performance improvement, are discussed. Finally, prospects for the further development of HCSs for metal−S batteries are presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"39 5","pages":"Pages 824-843"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60870-X
Jing-hong Li , Yi-bo Zhang , Yi-ran Jia , Chen-xu Yang , Yue Chu , Jun Zhang , Ying Tao , Quan-Hong Yang
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are widely recognized as most promising candidates for the next generation of low-cost and high-efficiency energy storage systems. Disordered carbons are the most practical anode materials for SIBs, because of their high reversibility of sodium storage and low sodium intercalation potential. However, current disordered carbon anodes face challenges in the incompatibility of their high plateau capacity and high safety operating voltages, as well as sluggish kinetics of sodium storage, leading to trade-offs in energy density, fast-charging performance, and safety characteristics which severely limit their commercialization. This review focuses on the key factors that restrict the development of carbon anodes in SIBs and analyzes the kinetic behavior of each step in the plateau sodium storage process. The progress in building high-energy and fast-charging SIBs is reviewed from two perspectives: the electrode-electrolyte interface and the microstructural control of the disordered carbon. Critical factors influencing the kinetics of sodium storage and the plateau potential are discussed. Finally, prospects for the development of practical carbon anode materials for SIBs are considered.
{"title":"Progress and challenges in the use of carbon anodes for high-energy and fast-charging sodium-ion batteries","authors":"Jing-hong Li , Yi-bo Zhang , Yi-ran Jia , Chen-xu Yang , Yue Chu , Jun Zhang , Ying Tao , Quan-Hong Yang","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60870-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60870-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are widely recognized as most promising candidates for the next generation of low-cost and high-efficiency energy storage systems. Disordered carbons are the most practical anode materials for SIBs, because of their high reversibility of sodium storage and low sodium intercalation potential. However, current disordered carbon anodes face challenges in the incompatibility of their high plateau capacity and high safety operating voltages, as well as sluggish kinetics of sodium storage, leading to trade-offs in energy density, fast-charging performance, and safety characteristics which severely limit their commercialization. This review focuses on the key factors that restrict the development of carbon anodes in SIBs and analyzes the kinetic behavior of each step in the plateau sodium storage process. The progress in building high-energy and fast-charging SIBs is reviewed from two perspectives: the electrode-electrolyte interface and the microstructural control of the disordered carbon. Critical factors influencing the kinetics of sodium storage and the plateau potential are discussed. Finally, prospects for the development of practical carbon anode materials for SIBs are considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"39 5","pages":"Pages 729-742"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60880-2
Guo-hua Li, Jing Wang, Jin-tian Ren, Hong-chen Liu, Jin-xiu Qian, Jia-ting Cheng, Mei-tong Zhao, Fan Yang, Yong-feng Li
The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a promising way to produce hydrogen, and the use of non-precious metals with an excellent electrochemical performance is vital for this. Carbon-based transition metal catalysts have high activity and stability, which are important in reducing the cost of hydrogen production and promoting the development of the hydrogen production industry. However, there is a lack of discussion regarding the effect of carbon components on the performance of these electrocatalysts. This review of the literature discusses the choice of the carbon components in these catalysts and their impact on catalytic performance, including electronic structure control by heteroatom doping, morphology adjustment, and the influence of self-supporting materials. It not only analyzes the progress in HER, but also provides guidance for synthesizing high-performance carbon-based transition metal catalysts.
氢进化反应（HER）是一种前景广阔的制氢方法，使用电化学性能优异的非贵金属对此至关重要。碳基过渡金属催化剂具有高活性和高稳定性，对降低制氢成本和促进制氢工业的发展具有重要意义。然而，关于碳成分对这些电催化剂性能的影响还缺乏讨论。这篇文献综述讨论了这些催化剂中碳成分的选择及其对催化性能的影响，包括杂原子掺杂的电子结构控制、形貌调整以及自支撑材料的影响。它不仅分析了 HER 的研究进展，还为合成高性能碳基过渡金属催化剂提供了指导。
{"title":"The effect of the carbon components on the performance of carbon-based transition metal electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction","authors":"Guo-hua Li, Jing Wang, Jin-tian Ren, Hong-chen Liu, Jin-xiu Qian, Jia-ting Cheng, Mei-tong Zhao, Fan Yang, Yong-feng Li","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60880-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60880-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a promising way to produce hydrogen, and the use of non-precious metals with an excellent electrochemical performance is vital for this. Carbon-based transition metal catalysts have high activity and stability, which are important in reducing the cost of hydrogen production and promoting the development of the hydrogen production industry. However, there is a lack of discussion regarding the effect of carbon components on the performance of these electrocatalysts. This review of the literature discusses the choice of the carbon components in these catalysts and their impact on catalytic performance, including electronic structure control by heteroatom doping, morphology adjustment, and the influence of self-supporting materials. It not only analyzes the progress in HER, but also provides guidance for synthesizing high-performance carbon-based transition metal catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"39 5","pages":"Pages 946-972"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silicon anodes are promising for use in lithium-ion batteries. However, their practical application is severely limited by their large volume expansion leading to irreversible material fracture and electrical disconnects. This study proposes a new top-down strategy for preparing microsize porous silicon and introduces polyacrylonitrile (PAN) for a nitrogen-doped carbon coating, which is designed to maintain the internal pore volume and lower the expansion of the anode during lithiation and delithiation. We then explore the effect of temperature on the evolution of the structure of PAN and the electrochemical behavior of the composite electrode. After treatment at 400 -, the PAN coating retains a high nitrogen content of 11.35%, confirming the presence of C―N and C―O bonds that improve the ionic-electronic transport properties. This treatment not only results in a more intact carbon layer structure, but also introduces carbon defects, and produces a material that has remarkable stable cycling even at high rates. When cycled at 4 A g−1, the anode had a specific capacity of 857.6 mAh g−1 even after 200 cycles, demonstrating great potential for high-capacity energy storage applications.
硅阳极有望用于锂离子电池。然而，由于其体积膨胀较大，导致材料不可逆转地断裂和电气断开，其实际应用受到严重限制。本研究提出了一种自上而下制备微孔硅的新策略，并引入聚丙烯腈（PAN）作为掺氮碳涂层，旨在保持内部孔隙体积，降低阳极在锂化和脱锂过程中的膨胀。然后，我们探讨了温度对 PAN 结构演变和复合电极电化学行为的影响。在 400 - 温度下处理后，PAN 涂层的含氮量高达 11.35%，证实了 C-N 和 C-O 键的存在，从而改善了离子电子传输特性。这种处理方法不仅使碳层结构更加完整，而且还引入了碳缺陷，并产生了一种即使在高速率下也能显著稳定循环的材料。当以 4 A g-1 的速率循环时，该阳极在循环 200 次后仍具有 857.6 mAh g-1 的比容量，显示了其在高容量储能应用方面的巨大潜力。
{"title":"Porous silicon/carbon composites as anodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Zhen-Yu Tian , Ya-fei Wang , Xin Qin , Ulugbek Shaislamov , Mirabbos Hojamberdiev , Tong-hui Zheng , Shuo Dong , Xing-hao Zhang , De-bin Kong , Lin-jie Zhi","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60850-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60850-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicon anodes are promising for use in lithium-ion batteries. However, their practical application is severely limited by their large volume expansion leading to irreversible material fracture and electrical disconnects. This study proposes a new top-down strategy for preparing microsize porous silicon and introduces polyacrylonitrile (PAN) for a nitrogen-doped carbon coating, which is designed to maintain the internal pore volume and lower the expansion of the anode during lithiation and delithiation. We then explore the effect of temperature on the evolution of the structure of PAN and the electrochemical behavior of the composite electrode. After treatment at 400 -, the PAN coating retains a high nitrogen content of 11.35%, confirming the presence of C―N and C―O bonds that improve the ionic-electronic transport properties. This treatment not only results in a more intact carbon layer structure, but also introduces carbon defects, and produces a material that has remarkable stable cycling even at high rates. When cycled at 4 A g<sup>−1</sup>, the anode had a specific capacity of 857.6 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> even after 200 cycles, demonstrating great potential for high-capacity energy storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"39 5","pages":"Pages 992-1002"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60884-X
Bao-yi Mu , Chun-lei Chi , Xin-hou Yang , Chao Huangfu , Bin Qi , Guan-wen Wang , Zhi-yuan Li , Lei Song , Tong Wei , Zhuang-jun Fan
Hard carbons (HCs) are recognized as potential anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) because of their low cost, environmental friendliness, and the abundance of their precursors. The presence of graphitic domains, numerous pores, and disordered carbon layers in HCs plays a significant role in determining their sodium storage ability, but these structural features depend on the precursor used. The influence of functional groups, including heteroatoms and oxygen-containing groups, and the microstructure of the precursor on the physical and electrochemical properties of the HC produced are evaluated, and the effects of carbonization conditions (carbonization temperature, heating rate and atmosphere) are also discussed.
{"title":"A review of hard carbon anodes for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries","authors":"Bao-yi Mu , Chun-lei Chi , Xin-hou Yang , Chao Huangfu , Bin Qi , Guan-wen Wang , Zhi-yuan Li , Lei Song , Tong Wei , Zhuang-jun Fan","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60884-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60884-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hard carbons (HCs) are recognized as potential anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) because of their low cost, environmental friendliness, and the abundance of their precursors. The presence of graphitic domains, numerous pores, and disordered carbon layers in HCs plays a significant role in determining their sodium storage ability, but these structural features depend on the precursor used. The influence of functional groups, including heteroatoms and oxygen-containing groups, and the microstructure of the precursor on the physical and electrochemical properties of the HC produced are evaluated, and the effects of carbonization conditions (carbonization temperature, heating rate and atmosphere) are also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"39 5","pages":"Pages 796-823"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60887-5
Yuan Jing , Han-qing Liu , Feng Zhou , Fang-na Dai , Zhong-shuai Wu
The advent of the 5G era has stimulated the rapid development of high power electronics with dense integration. Three-dimensional (3D) thermally conductive networks, possessing high thermal and electrical conductivities and many different structures, are regarded as key materials to improve the performance of electronic devices. We provide a critical overview of carbon-based 3D thermally conductive networks, emphasizing their preparation-structure-property relationships and their applications in different scenarios. A detailed discussion of the microscopic principles of thermal conductivity is provided, which is crucial for increasing it. This is followed by an in-depth account of the construction of 3D networks using different carbon materials, such as graphene, carbon foam, and carbon nanotubes. Techniques for the assembly of two-dimensional graphene into 3D networks and their effects on thermal conductivity are emphasized. Finally, the existing challenges and future prospects for 3D carbon-based thermally conductive networks are discussed.
{"title":"Design, progress and challenges of 3D carbon-based thermally conductive networks","authors":"Yuan Jing , Han-qing Liu , Feng Zhou , Fang-na Dai , Zhong-shuai Wu","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60887-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60887-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advent of the 5G era has stimulated the rapid development of high power electronics with dense integration. Three-dimensional (3D) thermally conductive networks, possessing high thermal and electrical conductivities and many different structures, are regarded as key materials to improve the performance of electronic devices. We provide a critical overview of carbon-based 3D thermally conductive networks, emphasizing their preparation-structure-property relationships and their applications in different scenarios. A detailed discussion of the microscopic principles of thermal conductivity is provided, which is crucial for increasing it. This is followed by an in-depth account of the construction of 3D networks using different carbon materials, such as graphene, carbon foam, and carbon nanotubes. Techniques for the assembly of two-dimensional graphene into 3D networks and their effects on thermal conductivity are emphasized. Finally, the existing challenges and future prospects for 3D carbon-based thermally conductive networks are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"39 5","pages":"Pages 844-871"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60875-9
Qing-shan Zhao , Qin-lian Liu , Yi-wen Li , Tian Ji , Yu-yue Yao , Yi-kun Zhao , Wei Deng , Han Hu , Ming-bo Wu
As by-products of petroleum refining, heavy oils are characterized by a high carbon content, low cost and great variability, making them competitive precursors for the anodes of potassium ion batteries (PIBs). However, the relationship between heavy oil composition and potassium storage performance remains unclear. Using heavy oils containing distinct chemical groups as the carbon source, namely fluid catalytic cracking slurry (FCCS), petroleum asphalt (PA) and deoiled asphalt (DOA), three carbon nanosheets (CNS) were prepared through a molten salt method, and used as the anodes for PIBs. The composition of the heavy oil determines the lamellar thicknesses, sp3-C/sp2-C ratio and defect concentration, thereby affecting the potassium storage performance. The high content of aromatic hydrocarbons and moderate amount of heavy component moieties in FCCS produce carbon nanosheets (CNS-FCCS) that have a smaller layer thickness, larger interlayer spacing (0.372 nm), and increased number of folds than in CNS derived from the other three precursors. These features give it faster charge/ion transfer, more potassium storage sites and better reaction kinetics. CNS-FCCS has a remarkable K+ storage capacity (248.7 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1), long cycle lifespan (190.8 mAh g−1 after 800 cycles at 1.0 A g−1) and excellent rate capability, ranking it among the best materials for this application. This work sheds light on the influence of heavy oil composition on carbon structure and electrochemical performance, and provides guidance for the design and development of advanced heavy oil-derived carbon electrodes for PIBs.
作为石油提炼的副产品，重油具有含碳量高、成本低和可变性大的特点，使其成为钾离子电池（PIB）阳极的有竞争力的前体。然而，重油成分与钾储存性能之间的关系仍不明确。利用含有不同化学组的重油作为碳源，即流体催化裂化浆料（FCCS）、石油沥青（PA）和脱油沥青（DOA），通过熔盐法制备了三种碳纳米片（CNS），并将其用作钾离子电池的阳极。重油的成分决定了薄片厚度、sp3-C/sp2-C 比率和缺陷浓度，从而影响了钾的储存性能。FCCS 中芳香烃含量高，重组分分子含量适中，因此生成的碳纳米片（CNS-FCCS）与其他三种前驱体生成的 CNS 相比，层厚度更小，层间距更大（0.372 nm），褶皱数量更多。这些特点使其具有更快的电荷/离子传输速度、更多的钾储存位点和更好的反应动力学性能。CNS-FCCS 具有出色的 K+ 储存能力（在 0.1 A g-1 条件下循环 100 次后为 248.7 mAh g-1）、较长的循环寿命（在 1.0 A g-1 条件下循环 800 次后为 190.8 mAh g-1）和卓越的速率能力，是该应用领域的最佳材料之一。这项研究揭示了重油成分对碳结构和电化学性能的影响，为设计和开发用于 PIB 的先进重油衍生碳电极提供了指导。
{"title":"The potassium storage performance of carbon nanosheets derived from heavy oils","authors":"Qing-shan Zhao , Qin-lian Liu , Yi-wen Li , Tian Ji , Yu-yue Yao , Yi-kun Zhao , Wei Deng , Han Hu , Ming-bo Wu","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60875-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60875-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As by-products of petroleum refining, heavy oils are characterized by a high carbon content, low cost and great variability, making them competitive precursors for the anodes of potassium ion batteries (PIBs). However, the relationship between heavy oil composition and potassium storage performance remains unclear. Using heavy oils containing distinct chemical groups as the carbon source, namely fluid catalytic cracking slurry (FCCS), petroleum asphalt (PA) and deoiled asphalt (DOA), three carbon nanosheets (CNS) were prepared through a molten salt method, and used as the anodes for PIBs. The composition of the heavy oil determines the lamellar thicknesses, sp<sup>3</sup>-C/sp<sup>2</sup>-C ratio and defect concentration, thereby affecting the potassium storage performance. The high content of aromatic hydrocarbons and moderate amount of heavy component moieties in FCCS produce carbon nanosheets (CNS-FCCS) that have a smaller layer thickness, larger interlayer spacing (0.372 nm), and increased number of folds than in CNS derived from the other three precursors. These features give it faster charge/ion transfer, more potassium storage sites and better reaction kinetics. CNS-FCCS has a remarkable K<sup>+</sup> storage capacity (248.7 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g<sup>−1</sup>), long cycle lifespan (190.8 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> after 800 cycles at 1.0 A g<sup>−1</sup>) and excellent rate capability, ranking it among the best materials for this application. This work sheds light on the influence of heavy oil composition on carbon structure and electrochemical performance, and provides guidance for the design and development of advanced heavy oil-derived carbon electrodes for PIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19719,"journal":{"name":"New Carbon Materials","volume":"39 5","pages":"Pages 1003-1014"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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