Association Between Social Vulnerability and SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Specimens Collected From Commercial Laboratories, United States, September 2021-February 2022.

IF 3 4区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Public Health Reports Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-15 DOI:10.1177/00333549231223140

Tina J Benoit, Yun Kim, Yangyang Deng, Zheng Li, Lee Harding, Ryan Wiegand, Xiaoyi Deng, Jefferson M Jones, Iachan Ronaldo, Kristie E N Clarke

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Abstract

Objective: We conducted a national US study of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence by Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) that included pediatric data and compared the Delta and Omicron periods during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of the current study was to assess the association between SVI and seroprevalence of infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by period (Delta vs Omicron) and age group.

Methods: We used results of infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays of clinical sera specimens (N = 406 469) from 50 US states from September 2021 through February 2022 to estimate seroprevalence overall and by county SVI tercile. Bivariate analyses and multilevel logistic regression models assessed the association of seropositivity with SVI and its themes by age group (0-17, ≥18 y) and period (Delta: September-November 2021; Omicron: December 2021-February 2022).

Results: Aggregate infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence increased at all 3 SVI levels; it ranged from 25.8% to 33.5% in September 2021 and from 53.1% to 63.5% in February 2022. Of the 4 SVI themes, socioeconomic status had the strongest association with seroprevalence. During the Delta period, we found significantly more infections per reported case among people living in a county with high SVI (odds ratio [OR] = 2.76; 95% CI, 2.31-3.21) than in a county with low SVI (OR = 1.65; 95% CI, 1.33-1.97); we found no significant difference during the Omicron period. Otherwise, findings were consistent across subanalyses by age group and period.

Conclusions: Among both children and adults, and during both the Delta and Omicron periods, counties with high SVI had significantly higher SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence than counties with low SVI did. These disparities reinforce SVI's value in identifying communities that need tailored prevention efforts during public health emergencies and resources to recover from their effects.

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2021 年 9 月至 2022 年 2 月美国商业实验室采集的标本中社会易感性与 SARS-CoV-2 血清流行率之间的关系。

目的：我们在美国开展了一项按社会脆弱性指数（SVI）划分的 SARS-CoV-2 血清流行率的全国性研究，其中包括儿科数据，并对 COVID-19 大流行期间的 Delta 和 Omicron 阶段进行了比较。本研究的目的是按时期（Delta 与 Omicron）和年龄组评估 SVI 与感染诱发的 SARS-CoV-2 抗体血清流行率之间的关联：我们利用 2021 年 9 月至 2022 年 2 月期间美国 50 个州的临床血清标本（N = 406 469）的感染诱导 SARS-CoV-2 抗体检测结果来估算总体血清流行率和各县 SVI 三元组血清流行率。双变量分析和多层次逻辑回归模型评估了血清阳性与 SVI 的相关性，并按年龄组（0-17 岁，≥18 岁）和时间段（Delta：2021 年 9 月至 11 月；Omicron：2021 年 12 月至 2022 年 2 月）对其主题进行了分析：结果：在所有 3 个 SVI 水平上，感染引起的 SARS-CoV-2 抗体血清阳性反应率都有所上升；2021 年 9 月为 25.8%-33.5%，2022 年 2 月为 53.1%-63.5%。在 4 个 SVI 主题中，社会经济地位与血清流行率的关系最为密切。在德尔塔期间，我们发现生活在高 SVI 县的人每报告一例感染病例的几率 [OR] = 2.76；95% CI，2.31-3.21）明显高于生活在低 SVI 县的人每报告一例感染病例的几率（OR = 1.65；95% CI，1.33-1.97）；在欧米克隆期间，我们没有发现显著差异。除此之外，不同年龄组和不同时期的子分析结果是一致的：结论：在儿童和成人中，在德尔塔期和奥密克隆期，SVI 高的县的 SARS-CoV-2 抗体血清流行率明显高于 SVI 低的县。这些差异加强了 SVI 的价值，它可以确定在公共卫生突发事件期间需要有针对性的预防工作的社区，以及需要从其影响中恢复的资源。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Public Health Reports 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

5.00

自引率

6.10%

发文量

164

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Public Health Reports is the official journal of the Office of the U.S. Surgeon General and the U.S. Public Health Service and has been published since 1878. It is published bimonthly, plus supplement issues, through an official agreement with the Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health. The journal is peer-reviewed and publishes original research and commentaries in the areas of public health practice and methodology, original research, public health law, and public health schools and teaching. Issues contain regular commentaries by the U.S. Surgeon General and executives of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Health. The journal focuses upon such topics as tobacco control, teenage violence, occupational disease and injury, immunization, drug policy, lead screening, health disparities, and many other key and emerging public health issues. In addition to the six regular issues, PHR produces supplemental issues approximately 2-5 times per year which focus on specific topics that are of particular interest to our readership. The journal''s contributors are on the front line of public health and they present their work in a readable and accessible format.