Modeling the air quality impact of aircraft emissions: is area or volume the appropriate source characterization in AERMOD?

IF 2.9 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Air Quality Atmosphere and Health Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI:10.1007/s11869-024-01517-2
Gavendra Pandey, Akula Venkatram, Saravanan Arunachalam
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Abstract

Modeling dispersion of aircraft emissions is challenging because aircraft are mobile sources with varying emissions rates at different elevations depending on the operating mode. Aircraft emissions during landing and take-off cycle (LTO) influence air quality in and around the airport, and depending on the number of aircraft operations and location of the airport, this influence may be significant. AERMOD (v22112) incorporates a variety of conventional source types to characterize the intended emissions source, leaving the question of which conventional source type(s) best characterizes aircraft activities across the four modes of LTO cycle, unanswered. Currently, the publicly released version of FAA’s Aviation Environmental Design Tool (version 3e) models aircraft emissions as a set of AREA sources for all flight segments. A research version of AEDT allows users to model aircraft sources—both fixed wing and rotorcraft—as a series of VOLUME sources in AERMOD. However, both source treatments do not account for plume rise of aircraft jet exhaust. This paper compares AERMOD’s performance in describing SO2 concentrations associated with airport sources by comparing model results from the two source options during the summer campaign of the Air Quality Source Apportionment study conducted at the Los Angeles International Airport. We conclude that both VOLUME source and AREA treatments overestimate the highest observed SO2 concentrations despite not accounting for background sources. The VOLUME source option reduces this overestimation by using a higher initial plume spread than the AREA option does, and through the inclusion of meander. Our results suggest the need to include the plume rise of jet exhaust when using AERMOD for airport air quality studies.

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模拟飞机排放物对空气质量的影响:AERMOD 中合适的排放源特征是面积还是体积?
模拟飞机排放的扩散具有挑战性,因为飞机是移动源,根据运行模式的不同,其在不同海拔高度的排放率也不同。飞机在起降周期(LTO)内的排放会影响机场及其周边地区的空气质量,而且根据飞机运行的数量和机场的位置,这种影响可能会很大。AERMOD (v22112) 采用了多种常规源类型来描述预期排放源,但哪种常规源类型最能描述飞机在起降周期四种模式下的活动,这个问题还没有答案。目前,美国联邦航空局(FAA)公开发布的航空环境设计工具版本(3e 版)将飞机排放模拟为所有飞行航段的一组 AREA 源。AEDT 的研究版本允许用户在 AERMOD 中将飞机排放源(包括固定翼飞机和旋翼机)建模为一系列体积源。但是,这两种源处理方法都没有考虑飞机喷气排气的羽流上升。本文比较了 AERMOD 在描述与机场源相关的二氧化硫浓度方面的性能,方法是比较在洛杉矶国际机场进行的空气质量源分配研究夏季活动中两种源选项的模型结果。我们得出的结论是,尽管没有考虑背景源,但体积源和区域处理方案都高估了观测到的最高二氧化硫浓度。VOLUME 源方案通过使用比 AREA 方案更高的初始羽流扩散,并加入蜿蜒流,减少了这种高估。我们的研究结果表明,在使用 AERMOD 进行机场空气质量研究时,有必要将喷气式飞机排气的羽流上升计算在内。
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来源期刊
Air Quality Atmosphere and Health
Air Quality Atmosphere and Health ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
2.00%
发文量
146
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Air Quality, Atmosphere, and Health is a multidisciplinary journal which, by its very name, illustrates the broad range of work it publishes and which focuses on atmospheric consequences of human activities and their implications for human and ecological health. It offers research papers, critical literature reviews and commentaries, as well as special issues devoted to topical subjects or themes. International in scope, the journal presents papers that inform and stimulate a global readership, as the topic addressed are global in their import. Consequently, we do not encourage submission of papers involving local data that relate to local problems. Unless they demonstrate wide applicability, these are better submitted to national or regional journals. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health addresses such topics as acid precipitation; airborne particulate matter; air quality monitoring and management; exposure assessment; risk assessment; indoor air quality; atmospheric chemistry; atmospheric modeling and prediction; air pollution climatology; climate change and air quality; air pollution measurement; atmospheric impact assessment; forest-fire emissions; atmospheric science; greenhouse gases; health and ecological effects; clean air technology; regional and global change and satellite measurements. This journal benefits a diverse audience of researchers, public health officials and policy makers addressing problems that call for solutions based in evidence from atmospheric and exposure assessment scientists, epidemiologists, and risk assessors. Publication in the journal affords the opportunity to reach beyond defined disciplinary niches to this broader readership.
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