Effects of straw mulching, liming, and soil texture on ammonia volatilisation: a study of conventional and enhanced efficiency fertilisers

IF 1.2 4区农林科学 Q4 SOIL SCIENCE Soil Research Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI:10.1071/sr23164

Bruno Maia Abdo Rahmen Cassim, Vitor Rodrigues Cordioli, Guilherme Frelo Chilante, Fabrício Linares Mazzi, Antonio Saraiva Muniz, Tadeu Takeyoshi Inoue, Marcelo Augusto Batista

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Abstract

Context

In no-tillage agriculture, maintenance of soil cover combined with liming without incorporation increases nitrogen (N) loss via ammonia (NH₃) volatilisation, decreasing the efficiency of nitrogen fertilisers.

Aims

To quantify N losses by NH₃ volatilisation from conventional and enhanced efficiency fertilisers applied to a clayey and a sandy loam soil subjected or not to lime (CaCO₃) application and straw mulching.

Methods

Two laboratory experiments were carried out; one using a clayey soil, and the other using a sandy loam soil. Both experiments followed a 4 × 2 × 2 factorial design with four N sources (urea, urea-NBPT, urea-formaldehyde, and ammonium sulfate), absence and presence of liming, and absence and presence of Brachiaria ruziziensis straw mulching. NH₃ volatilisation was measured using closed flasks containing filter paper soaked with sulfuric acid and quantified by titration with sodium hydroxide.

Key results

NH₃ volatilisation was up to 62% of the N applied. Losses due to NH₃ volatilisation from both soil types decreased in the following order of treatment: liming + straw mulching > straw mulching only > liming only. Urea-formaldehyde and ammonium sulfate were the most efficient in reducing NH₃ emissions. However, when ammonium sulfate was applied to a clayey soil after liming, it resulted in higher NH₃ emissions than conventional urea.

Conclusions

Urea-formaldehyde showed better performance in reducing NH₃ losses due to greater stability in the presence of straw or liming.

Implications

Soils with straw and limestone can lead to large NH₃ volatilisation losses if urea conventional is broadcast.

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秸秆覆盖、石灰化和土壤质地对氨挥发的影响：对常规肥料和增效肥料的研究

背景在免耕农业中，保持土壤覆盖加上不掺入石灰会增加氮（N）通过氨（NH3）挥发的损失，从而降低氮肥的效率。目的对施用或不施用石灰（CaCO3）和秸秆覆盖的粘壤土和砂壤土中传统肥料和增效肥料通过 NH3 挥发造成的氮损失进行量化。方法进行了两次实验室实验：一次使用粘性土壤，另一次使用沙质壤土。两个实验都采用了 4 × 2 × 2 的因子设计，包括四种氮源（尿素、尿素-NBPT、尿素-甲醛和硫酸铵）、不施用和施用石灰以及不施用和施用 Brachiaria ruziziensis 稻草覆盖物。使用装有浸过硫酸的滤纸的密闭烧瓶测量 NH3 的挥发，并用氢氧化钠滴定法进行定量。主要结果NH3 的挥发量高达所施氮的 62%。两种土壤类型中因 NH3 挥发造成的损失按以下处理顺序减少：石灰化 + 稻草覆盖 >；仅稻草覆盖 >；仅石灰化。尿素-甲醛和硫酸铵在减少 NH3 排放方面最为有效。然而，当硫酸铵施用于石灰化后的粘性土壤时，其 NH3 排放量高于常规尿素。结论尿素-甲醛在减少 NH3 损失方面表现更佳，因为在有秸秆或石灰的情况下稳定性更高。意义如果撒施常规尿素，含有秸秆和石灰石的土壤会导致大量的 NH3 挥发损失。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Soil Research SOIL SCIENCE-

CiteScore

3.20

自引率

6.20%

发文量

审稿时长

4.5 months

期刊介绍： Soil Research (formerly known as Australian Journal of Soil Research) is an international journal that aims to rapidly publish high-quality, novel research about fundamental and applied aspects of soil science. As well as publishing in traditional aspects of soil biology, soil physics and soil chemistry across terrestrial ecosystems, the journal welcomes manuscripts dealing with wider interactions of soils with the environment. Soil Research is published with the endorsement of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the Australian Academy of Science.